• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2021

This study purports to depict the generational topography of welfare attitudes of Korean people. Three generational groups are made for analytical purpose, 'between 20-39 age group', 'between 40-59 age group', and '60 and older'. Two major statistical techniques are used, the analysis of variance and correspondence analysis. The analysis of variance shows that the respondents' attitudes upon 'social services target(universal vs selective)', 'education', 'housing', 'child-care', 'youth support', and 'employment' varies significantly by age groups. Correspondence analysis also shows that 'between 20-39 age group' is located with proximity with 'child-care', 'employment', and 'housing', while '60 and older' is located with 'poverty' and 'old age life care'. Clearly this study shows that there is generational difference on welfare consciousness in many areas of social policy. Overall, the results show that significant generational differences with regard to welfare attitudes clearly exist in current Korean society.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.341-349
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• 2022

This study explored in-depth emotional experiences influenced by childhood trauma of adult female survivors. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with married adult women who experienced trauma in their childhood. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 7 categories were derived: 'children who cannot protect themselves', 'childhood trauma,' 'insecure attachment and good child syndrome,' 'difficulties in interpersonal relationships,' 'difficulties in raising children,' 'somatization symptoms,' 'finding myself who is lost.' In addition, this study aims to understand the psychological experience of children in the family and the relationship between parents and children and the growth experience of healing them by comparing and contrasting the two cases of trauma. The foundation for healthy ego-resilience and emotional well-being has been laid through the research results on negative and maladaptive emotional experiences reflected throughout the life of adult women who suffered childhood trauma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.13-31
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• 2002

쌀은 중국에서 중요한 식량작물로 제9차 5개년 계획(1966-2000년) 동안 재배면적 31.4백만 ha이며 생산량은 단위 ha당 6,303kg으로 198백만톤에 이르며 이는 재배면적으로는 식량작물의 27.7%, 그리고 생산량으로는 전체식량작물의 40%를 각각 점하고 있다. 이러한 재배면적과 생산량은 각각 세계전체면적과 생산량의 20.7%와 33.7%를 차지하는 많은 량이다. 중국의 남부지역은 전지역의 73.5%가 이모작으로 재배되며 주품종은 Indica이다. 중국의 중부지역은 이모작과 일모작의 재배형태가 2:3으로 공존하고 있으며 양쯔강 이북은 주로 일모작의 형태이다. 중국의 쌀 재배면적은 1960년대 이후 점차 증가하다가 1980년대 후반으로 정체되었다가 최근 90년대 말에 이르러서는 재배면적의 감소가 가속화되고 있으나 단보당 생산량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 2001년 중국의 쌀소비량은 138백만톤으로 이의 85.2%는 식량용으로, 5.8%는 사료용으로, 1.3%는 가공용, 1.5-2.0%는 수출용으로 그리고 1.2%는 종자용으로 소비되었다. WTO체제에 들어서도 중국의 쌀 생산에는 크게 영향을 받지않을 것으로 여겨지는데 그 이유로는 충분한 생산능려과 자급률, 쌀의 낮은(4%) 국제교역비율, 총생산량에 대한 낮은 쿼터비율 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 WTO체제 가입에 따른 압력 또한 존재하는 것이 사실인데 그것은 낮은 품질, 국제가격보다 높은 국내가격 등을 들 수 있다. 향후 중국 쌀의 발전적 전략들로는 쌀의 안정적 발전을 지속하는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특징 기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.TEX>$\times$10cm의 소식일수록 짧아서 재식주수와 경장은 정의상관이 인정되었다. 9 경직경은 30$\times$10cm, 40$\times$10cm의 소식일수록 크고 20$\times$10cm의 밀식일수록 작았다 10. 수량구성요소인 주근장과 수량인 건근중은 30$\times$10cm, 40$\times$10cm의 재식주수가 적을수록 높아서 재식주수와는 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 11 이상과 같은 결과로 보아 경직경이 크고 주근장이 길어서 10a당 건근중이 많은 30$\times$10cm(33주/$m^2$)가 알맞은 재식거리였다.에 대한 인식을 새롭게 하고 농약취급시의 건강장해예방행동을 촉구하는 등의 효과도 높은 것으로 예방의학적인 유용성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 미침을 알 수 있었다. 대두 단백질로 코팅된 golden delicious는 상온에서60일 동안 보관하였을 경우, 사과표피의 색도 변화를 현저히 지연시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 control과 비교하여 성공적으로 사과에 코팅하였으며, 상온에서 보관하여을 때 사과의 품질을 30일 이상 연장하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로부터 대두단백질 필름이 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-119
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• 2021

The demand for clean water is virtually present in all modern human societies even as our society has developed increasingly more advanced and sophisticated technologies to improve human life. However, as global climate change begins to show more dramatic effects in many regions in the world, the demand for a cheap, effective way to treat wastewater or to remove harmful bacteria, microbes, viruses, and other solvents detrimental to human health has continued to remain present and remains as important as ever. Well-established synthetic membranes composed of polyaniline (PANI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and others have been extensively studied to gather information regarding the characteristics and performance of the membrane, but recent studies have shown that making these synthetic membranes conductive to electrical current by doping the membrane with another material or incorporating conductive materials onto the surface of the membrane, such as allotropes of carbon, have shown to increase the performance of these membranes by allowing the adjustability of pore size, improving antifouling and making the antibacterial property better. In this review, modern electrically conductive membranes are compared to conventional membranes and their performance improvements under electric fields are discussed, as well as their potential in water filtration and wastewater treatment applications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.501-512
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to utilize the 20 steps in the three phases from the book, 'Twenty steps for developing a Healthy Cities Project $2^{nd}$ Ed., 1995, WHO/EURO' to survey Healthy Cities to identify the similarities and differences by implementation rates and perceived significances among Healthy Cities worldwide. For this study, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the book. The questionnaires were delivered by air-mail and e-mail to 213 Healthy City coordinators or directors in 43 nations from Jan 13 to Feb 10, 1999. The responses were gathered up until March 31 from 40 Healthy Cities in 17 nations, mostly in the USA and in the European regions. The main results are as follows; Overall the perceived significances were higher for healthy cities with higher implementation rates and there were significant differences for 'set-up office', 'plans strategy', 'increase health awareness', 'mobilize intersectoral action', and 'secure healthy public policy'. 1. According to national health system, the implementation rate, perceived significance and implementation ability of the 20 steps were higher in the healthy cities with a comprehensive-type health system as compared to those with an entreprenetrial & permissive health system. Overall there were significant differences in the steps 'mobilize intersectoral action', and 'secure healthy public policy'. steps which were predominant in the healthy cities with a comprehensive-type health system. There was no concordance in the ranks of implementation rate and perceived significant score. 2. According to the length of implementation time, the perceived significance and implementation ability were higher in healthy cities with more than 6 years compared to those with less than 6 years, although implementation rate was the same. Overall there was a significant difference in 'secure healthy public policy' the step which was predominant in the healthy cities with more than 6 years of implementation. 3. According to population covered by the Healthy City Project, the implementation rate and implementation ability were higher in healthy cities with more than a population of 100 thousand. There was no significant difference in perceived significance, but there were differences in the following, 'find finances', 'set-up office'. 'mobilize intersectoral action' in the implementation rate and implementation ability. These three steps were predominant in the healthy cities with a population of more than 100 thousand. 4. The population covered by the Healthy City Project was the only effective factor influencing the total implementation ability of each healthy city, and it was higher for those cities with a population of more than 100 thousand. In Conclusion, the implementation rate, the perceived significance and the implementation ability were higher in cities with a comprehensive -type health system, with more than 6 years of healthy city experience and with a population of more than 100 thousand. To increase the reliability and the validity of the questionnaire and the results of this study arising from lack of sufficient data, repeated study needs to be considered with a more refined questionnaire delivered to more healthy cities worldwide.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

To develop high value added healthy functional resource from Korean mulberry, the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three different mulberry cultivars were investigated and compared with blueberry and strawberry. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and trans-resveratrol of 'Daesungppong' were the highest than the 'Suwonppong', whereas those of the strawberries were the lowest. In case of total anthocyanins, 'Daesungppong' was also the highest and followed by blueberry. The antioxidant activities of 'Daesungppong' using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays were the highest followed by 'Suwonppong'. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the antioxidant activities between 'Cheongilppong' and blueberry, and the activities of strawberry were the lowest. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation (r = 0.764-0.897) between DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with the bioactive compounds such as total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins. Therefore, Korean mulberry, especially 'Daesungppong' demonstrated interesting biological properties that suggest its use as a potential source and high value added of natural antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the findings on the chest low-dose CT (LDCT) images between the negative and positive groups for pneumoconiosis in the group exposed to inorganic dust. From May 30, 2007 to August 31, 2008, total 328 subjects were examined by a LDCT. LDCT images were read by a chest radiologist who has much experience for reading of pneumoconiosis. All subjects were classified into two groups based on digital images after consensus reading of two radiologists according to the ILO 2000 guidelines; negative group (87, 26.5%) without pneumoconiosis and positive group (241, 73.5%). Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS 14.0. There were significant differences in age (60.9 vs. 65.0, p<0.001), and in dust expose duration (17.0 vs. 19.2, p=0.024) between two groups, but no significant difference in smoking (p=0.784). Of the 328 subjects, 13 diagnosis were extracted from 245 subjects (74.7%). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was significantly higher in positive group than that in negative group (36.9% vs. 25.3%, p=0.049). Honeycombing showed higher frequency in positive group than in negative group (6.2% vs. 1.2%, p=0.079). Pneumoconiosis findings caused by inorganic dusts exposure showed the significant relation with CAC on LDCT images. Future studies need to prove that pneumoconiosis finding is independent risk factor for CAC using a coronary artery angiography.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-126
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the level of precariousness among young adults in South Korea and analyze the factors affecting their subjective well-being by adopting the three forms of precariousness suggested by Rodgers(1989) such as lack of resource, uncertainty and disempowerment as its analytical framework. Structural Equation Model was used for analyzing the path model of self-rated health, income level and social support(three forms of resource) affecting subjective wellbeing through uncertainty and disempowerment. Study population include young adults aged between 19 to 34 with a sample size of 415 using data of the 8th wave of the Korean General Social Survey(KGSS), 2010. Study population is divided into lower-age group (aged between 19-26) and upper-age group (aged between 27-34) in order to examine the differences between age groups by using Multiple Group Analysis. Study results show that three forms of resources, uncertainty and disempowerment had direct effect on the subjective well-being of South Korean young adults and disempowerment had the most significant effect among the factors. In addition, self-rated health and income level had indirect effect on subjective well-being through both uncertainty and disempowerment while social support had indirect effect on subjective well-being only through disempowerment. Results from the Multiple Group Analysis indicate that among the two age groups, income level only has a significant effect on subjective well-being in the upper-age group. In addition, disempowerment had greater effect on subjective wellbeing among upper-age group than the lower-age group. Based on the study results, this paper suggested policy implications and discussion for further research.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 1999

Recently, it is continuously rising to concern about the health risk being induced by microorganisms in food such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Various organizations and regulatory agencies including U.S.FPA, U.S.DA and FAO/WHO are preparing the methodology building to apply microbial quantitative risk assessment to risk-based food safety program. Microbial risks are primarily the result of single exposure and its health impacts are immediate and serious. Therefore, the methodology of risk assessment differs from that of chemical risk assessment. Microbial quantitative risk assessment consists of tow steps; hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. Hazard identification is accomplished by observing and defining the types of adverse health effects in humans associated with exposure to foodborne agents. Epidemiological evidence which links the various disease with the particular exposure route is an important component of this identification. Exposure assessment includes the quantification of microbial exposure regarding the dynamics of microbial growth in food processing, transport, packaging and specific time-temperature conditions at various points from animal production to consumption. Dose-response assessment is the process characterizing dose-response correlation between microbial exposure and disease incidence. Unlike chemical carcinogens, the dose-response assessment for microbial pathogens has not focused on animal models for extrapolation to humans. Risk characterization links the exposure assessment and dose-response assessment and involve uncertainty analysis. The methodology of microbial dose-response assessment is classified as nonthreshold and thresh-old approach. The nonthreshold model have assumption that one organism is capable of producing an infection if it arrives at an appropriate site and organism have independence. Recently, the Exponential, Beta-poission, Gompertz, and Gamma-weibull models are using as nonthreshold model. The Log-normal and Log-logistic models are using as threshold model. The threshold has the assumption that a toxicant is produce by interaction of organisms. In this study, it was reviewed detailed process including risk value using model parameter and microbial exposure dose. Also this study suggested model application methodology in field of exposure assessment using assumed food microbial data(NaCl, water activity, temperature, pH, etc.) and the commercially used Food MicroModel. We recognized that human volunteer data to the healthy man are preferred rather than epidemiological data fur obtaining exact dose-response data. But, the foreign agencies are studying the characterization of correlation between human and animal. For the comparison of differences to the population sensitivity: it must be executed domestic study such as the establishment of dose-response data to the Korean volunteer by each microbial and microbial exposure assessment in food.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

We have developed a textile capacitive pressure sensor for smart gait analysis. The proposed system can convert sensor signal into step counts and pressure levels by different posture. To evaluate the performance of insole type textile capacitive sensor, we measured capacitance change by increment of weights from 10 kg to 100 kg with 10 kg increment using M1 class rectangular weights (four 20 kg weights and two 10 kg weights) which have ${\pm}10%$ tolerance. The result showed non-linearity characteristic of a general capacitive pressure sensor. The test was performed according to a test protocol for four different postures (sitting, standing, standing on a left leg and standing on a right leg) and different walking speeds (1 km/h and 4 km/h). Five healthy male subjects were participated in each test. As we expected, the pressure level was changed by pressure distribution according to posture. Also, developed textile pressure sensor showed higher recognition rate (average 98.06 %) than commercial pedometer at all walking speed. Therefore, the proposed step counts and posture monitoring system using conductive textile capacitive pressure sensor proved to be a reliable and useful tool for monitoring gait parameters.