• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to find out suitable extraction time of available fragrant component in Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' based on qualitative and quantitative variation of its fragrant component in its flowering stages. The content of essential oil in its flowering stages increased with the progress of flowering stages except flower bud stage and it had the most oil content in its stage after full bloom. The analysis of the essential oil in Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' in its flowering stages shows that its main constituents were farnesol (18.96%), benzyl salicylate (13.81%), butyl-hydroxy toluene (12.87%), geranyl linalool isomer (7.46%), isoeugenol (7.17%) in its each stage. Benzenoids had much content at half bloom stage and full bloom stage while fatty acid derivatives had much content at initial flowering stage and after flowering stage. Most benzenoids such as butyl-hydroxy toluene and isoeugenol, which are some of main constituents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' had strong antioxidant effect. So they were expected to be used as antioxidant agents for food, feed, vegetable oil. The content of monoterpene compounds like geranyl linalool isomer increased at its later stage. Sesquiterpene such as farnesol, which is main component of lily existed only at full bloom stage. Therefore farnesol and geranyl linalool isomer of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' are expected to be used for important spices with good fragrance. The suitable extraction time for the usable main constituents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' is as follows; farnesol and benzyl salicylate: at full bloom stage, butyl-hydroxy toluene: at half bloom stage, geranyl linalool isomer and isoeugenol: at stage after full bloom. Finally there was variation in essential oil components and contents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' in its flowering stages and they are expected to be used usefully for flavor industry, food industry, aromatherapy, when they are extracted at their suitable extraction time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of shipping temperature and harvesting stage on the quality and vase life of cut flower in standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' for export. Cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 4 were stored for 24 hours at $5^{\circ}C$, and then quality and vase life were evaluated after simulated shipping for 48 hours at 5, 20, and $35^{\circ}C$. In addition, cut flowers harvested in flowering stage 1 to stage 6 were evaluated after simulated shipping for 72 hours at $5^{\circ}C$. As shipping temperature increased, $CO_2$ concentration inside the box rapidly increased, and $O_2$ concentration greatly decreased. The vase life of cut flowers was extended by 3 days and chlorophyll content of leaves, fresh weight, solution uptake, and flower diameter were better maintained in $5^{\circ}C$ shipping than in 20 or $35^{\circ}C$ shipping. The vase life of cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 1 or 2 was extended by 5.2 or 5.5 days compared to those harvested at flowering stage 6, more 6. The fresh weight was lower and flower diameter was smaller by 1.3 or 2.5 cm in cut flowers of flowering stages 1 through 3 than flowering stages 4 through 6. In addition, the cut flowers of flowering stages 4 through 6 showed higher solution uptake than those of flowering stages 1 through 3. These results suggest that shipping at $5^{\circ}C$ of cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 4 is preferential for promoting vase life and quality of cut flower in standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' for export to Japan.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2020

본 연구는 수확 단계에 따른 작약 주요 품종의 수확후 품질 특성을 조사하여 품종별 적정 수확 시기를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 절화 작약은 '두체스', '레드참', '보울오브크림' 품종을 사용하였으며, 세 품종 모두 1, 2, 3, 4단계로 구분 지어 수확하여 실험에 사용하였다. 수확한 작약은 40cm로 재절단하여 chrysal professional III 용액이 담긴 화병에 꽃아 생체중, 증산량, 수분흡수량, 개화 단계 변화 등을 매일 조사하였고, 이를 통해 수분균형 및 절화 수명 등의 결과를 도출하였다. '두체스' 품종의 품질 특성 변화를 조사한 결과, 1단계에 수확한 절화의 만개소요일수는 5.5일, 만개유지일수는 2.9일, 총 절화수명은 8.4일로 다른 수확단계보다 1~3일 더 긴 것으로 조사되었으며, 생체중증가율 및 화경 변화 결과를 통해 1단계 수확 시에도 개화는 정상적으로 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. '레드참' 품종의 품질 특성 변화 조사 결과, 1단계에 수확한 절화의 만개소요일수는 7.9일, 만개유지일수는 3.3일, 총 절화수명은 11.2일로 다른 수확단계보다 1~4일 더 긴 것으로 조사되었다. '보울오브크림' 품종의 품질 특성 변화 조사 결과, 1단계 수확한 절화는 30% 수준만 만개하여 조기 수확에 따른 문제점이 확인되었지만, 2단계 수확한 절화는 개화와 만개 모두 100% 진행되었으며, 만개소요일수는 6.4일, 만개유지일수는 4.5일, 총 절화수명은 10.9일로 다른 수확단계보다 1~2일 긴 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과, '두체스' 와 '레드참' 품종의 적정 수확단계는 1단계, '보울오브크림' 품종의 적정 수확단계는 2단계가 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

Characteristics of leaf unfolding and flowering of 31 chestnut varieties cultivated in southern Korea was conducted to provide basic data for chestnut varieties improvement. There were slight differences among varieties in leaf unfolding time and leaf unfolding was late in 2010 compared to 2008 and 2009. Leaf unlolding took about 8 days to complete in 2008 and 2009, but that took about two weeks to complete in 2010. In 2008 and 2009, flowering beginning and flowering end of staminate flower occurred in early May and June, those were detained by low temperature of April in 2010. Although pistallte flower in flowering characteristics showed very similar to flowering period of staminate flower, The flowering beginning for pistillate flower was earlier approximately 20 days than for staminate flower.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

The study is aimed to obtain the basic data for developing new variations of wild spring orchid. The results was investigated the capsules' formational characteristics and the germination ratio after having been self-pollinated by dividing the flowering period into the 5 stages into budding time, semi-flowering, full-flowering, 10 days after flowering, and 20 days after flowering. The fruit setting ratio was the highest as 100% in the plant which had been pollinated 20 days after the flowering, while the weight of the capsule was heaviest in the orchid which had been pollinated in semi-flowering period. As the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the period into 5 stages, it was the highest in the plant which had been pollinated during the semi-flowering period, and in the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the seeds harvesting days into the 3 stages, such as, 150 days, 165 days and 180 days after the pollination, it was highest as 5% in the orchid whose seeds had been harvested 150 days after the pollination. In the result of examining the germination ratio of the seeds treated with NaOCl, the those treated with 2% of NaOCl showed the highest as 67% in the germination ratio.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to provide some information on the change of dry matter productivity and feed value (forage quality) according to growth stages of late-maturing variety, Hwasan 101, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon from 2000 to 2002. In Suwon, booting, first heading, full heading and flowering stages of cv. Hwasan 101 were May 8, 18, 28 and June 3, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of Hwasan 101 were tendency to be increased by the progress of growth. DM yield in first heading stage increased 50% more than DM 4,818 kg/ha of booting stage, and also DM yield in full heading stage was increased by 26% of DM 7,244 kg/ha of first heading. Crude protein content was decreased gradually by the progress of growth, which were 18.32, 15.12, 12.58 and 12.36% in booting, first heading, full heading and flowing stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents was increased and in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased gradually with progress of growth, but there was no difference between full heading and flowering stages. Considering DM yield and feed value of Italian ryegrass, the suitable cutting times seems between full heading and flowering stage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2011

The fungus Botrytis cinerea causes fruit rot of strawberry and the damages can result in harvest losses upto 50%. Proper timing of fungicide application is essential for successful control of Botrytis fruit rot, fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris, cyprodinil plus fludioxonil, fludioxonil alone, and Bacillus subtilis QST713 were applied to individual buds, flowers, and green and red fruit of cultivar 'Seolhyang' ex vivo. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil or fludioxonil alone was applied i) before and after a 5-hr period of low-temperature ($0^{\circ}C$) incubation ex vivo ii) in field trials. Strawberry flowers and red fruit were more susceptible to B. cinerea than the green fruits. Incidence of Botrytis rot with fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris and cyprodinil plus fludioxonil was the lowest at flowering, whereas B. subtilis QST713 did not significantly among treatments. In 2010, incidence of Botrytis fruit rot was significantly reduced when fludioxonil was applied two times at 1 week intervals from 50% bloom in field trials. Cultivars Redpearl and Seolhyang were more susceptible to low-temperature than cvs. Maehyang and Akihime. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil application was effective when applied before onset of the low-temperature treatment period. Fludioxonil showed the most effective when it was sprayed one and more than two times in before and post low-temperature condition, respectively. These results demonstrate that fungicide selection and timing can interact with stage of fruit development and low-temperature in determining effectiveness of suppression of Botrytis fruit rot.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2019

잇꽃(Carthamus tinctorius L.)은 국화과에 속하는 두해살이 초본 식물로 한자명은 홍화(紅花), 영명으로는 Safflower를 사용하고 있다. 잇꽃의 원산지는 이집트, 아프카니스탄 등의 서남아시아가 원산지로 알려져 있으며, 우리나라의 잇꽃 재배면적은 2010년 39 ha 수준이 재배되다가 2016년에는 67 ha로 재배면적이 증가한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리나라에서 잇꽃 이용은 잇꽃 종실을 위주로 이용되고 있으나 일본의 경우 잇꽃의 경관적 가치를 활용하여 산형현(山形縣)에서는 홍화축제가 매년 개최되고 있으며, 미국 등에서는 잇꽃의 저온압착유가 기능성 건강식품류로 판매되고 있다. 본 연구는 일조시수가 짧은 표고 500 m의 준고랭지에서 잇꽃의 경관적 가치 활용도를 평가하기 위해 차광조건에 따른 개화특성 및 종실 수량성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 비가림 하우스에서 5월 9일 파종후 생육 54일차인 7월 5일 개화기에 지상부 발육량을 조사한 결과 차괄비율이 강해질수록 엽장폭비가 감소하여 세장형에서 장타원형으로 성장함을 알수 있었고, 분지수는 30% 차광조건에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 같은 시기에 조사한 엽면적에서는 30% 차광에서 증가하다가 차광비율이 높아질수록 감소하였으며, 식물체당 총 착화수는 30% 차광조건에서 20.3화/주로 가장 많았고 2차 화경의 착화수도 많은 경향을 보였다. 착생된 꽃의 개화단계를 3등급으로 구분하여 비율을 조사한 결과 차광 조건에서는 개화 2, 3단계의 비율이 무차광에 비해 낮아 개화가 지연됨을 알수 있었고, 건조한 관상화의 색도에서는 차광비율이 높아질수록 b 값이 증가하여 황색값이 높아지는 것을 알수 있었다. 파종 후 생육 94일 차인 8월 13일 종실을 수확하여 식물체당 100립중을 조사한 결과 무차광 4.9 g에 비해 차광조건에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 종실수량성에서도 무차광에서 201.1 kg/10 a로 가장 높아 차광조건에서 잇꽃 재배는 개화지연에 의한 등숙률의 감소로 종실수량성이 감소하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.478-482
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• 2001

This experiment conducted to know physiological characteristics and stress effect on different growth stage of soybean by night illumination. Soybean variety, Shinpaldalkong 2, Keumjungkong and Muhankong were treated by night illumination with 20~30 Lux (0.05~0.08W m$^{-2}$ , 0.24~0.36 $\mu$㏖ S$^{-1}$ m$^{-2}$ ) for 15 days at six different growth stage, seedling, pre-floral initiation, post-floral initiation, pod filling and seed ripening stage. Night illumination delayed flowering to 2~8 days compared to control. Delay of flowering by night illumination severely effected at the pre-floral initiation stage. Stem length was increased all the night illumination treatments except the pod filling stage. Number of nodes in Shinpaldalkong 2 and Keumjungkong 1 were increased until before post-floral initiation stage but in Muhankong were increased until after post-floral initiation stage by night illumination treatments. Number of pods were decreased all the night illumination treatments except seedling stage compared with control. Yield decreased all the treatments and severe the loss rate degree showed the order of prefloral initiation, post-floral initiation, seedling and flowering stage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2015

This experiment compared the regeneration conditions of the radiation mutant spray chrysanthemum 'purple ND'. The four different flower blooming stages (S1: 10% opened flower, S2: 30% opened flower, S3: 50% opened flower, and S4: 70% opened flower) and different petal parts (TBOP: the basal of petal and TEOP: the end of petal) were used to compare regeneration conditions between plants grown in MS medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest adventitious shooting rate was identified in plants grown on the IAA $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BAP $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ when using the end of petal at the S2 stage. It displayed 79.2% regeneration and produced 33.4 shoots. Rooted plantlets were successfully established in the greenhouse, showing the same morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs with those of the mother plant. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no ploidy variation between the regenerated plants and the mother plant grown under greenhouse conditions.