• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study discusses an equity analysis performed to supplement the existing bus service evaluation system. The equity of 179 feeder bus routes in the city of Seoul(Year 2009) is analyzed by employing the modified BCC model along with the desirable inputs such as a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations. In the analysis, each DMU (Decision Making Unit) is assumed to use the desirable inputs, and produces both the index of equity and the index of accessibility. We apply an input-oriented modified BCC model to analyze the equity of the DMUs. The computational result indicates that only 9% of the feeder bus routes are equitable among the total DMUs and the average equity estimate is 0.702. It is also suggested that on average approximately 60% increases of desirable inputs (i.e., a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations) are needed in order to improve equity of DMU in the city of Seoul. The result of the tobit regression analysis on the determinant factors affecting the equity of DMUs shows that all the independent variables (i.e., a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations) are statistically significant at 5% significance level, and the number of bus stops is found to be the most influential factor.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2011

This research examines the push and pull factors of temple stay in Korean national parks. 152 participants of temple stay in Woljeongsa and Guryongsa in national parks in Gangwon-do area completed a survey to access their reasons for participating in temple stay(push factors) and to evaluate how well the visiting experience performed on a selected set of attributes(push factors). Demographics of respondents were similar to the visitor characteristics of Korean national parks. The result of factor analysis identified 6 push factor domains of 'self actualization', 'health enhancement', 'nature assimilation', 'relationship elevation', 'religious experience', and 'leisure experience'. 6 pull factor domains were 'recuperative quality', 'quality of a temple stay program', 'attributes of a temple', 'user convenience', 'tourism experience' and 'accessibility and transportation'. Satisfaction level of temple stay in a national park was very high of 4.71 in a 5 Likert scale. Gangwon- Do was most preferred with the percentage of 89.2 as a suitable area for temple stay in a national park. Findings of multi-dimensional tourism motivations of temple stay in a national park that encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism and religious tourism is expected to provide useful information for the future development of a more competitive temple stay program and a marketing strategy. However, more defined successive research work is required to generalize findings of wellness oriented push and pull factors of temple stay based on nature in national parks.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-97
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• 2005

Previous studies on brand performance have extensively investigated the topics of how marketing activities influence brand awareness and image only from a perspective of consumers and of how much brand awareness or image is related to brand performances. This study, unlike previous ones, proposes a theoretical framework and analyzes empirical data from a perspective of firms. We extend previous work by considering the mediating effects of brand management system and marketing mix activities on the relation between market orientation and brand performance, Furthermore, this study examines the relationships between market orientation and brand performance using a data set of marketing or brand managers in 1000 firms. The results show that firms possessing higher levels of brand management system, marketing mix, market orientation exhibit superior brand performance. Besides, brand management system and marketing mix play a mediating role between market orientation and brand performance. This study also offers some practical implications and future research questions based on the current findings.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.127-154
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• 2017

EIU has evolved diversely depending on the national environment and culture on the basis of the philosophy of individual human rights and world peace articulated in the "1974 Recommendation on EIU". However, the global environment surrounding EIU has been changed socially, economically, culturally and ecologically in the 21st century, and therefore it is necessary to raise the following questions: Is the concept of EIU initiated for international understanding and cooperation for world peace in the 20th century still valid in the 21st century? Which direction should we take in order for EIU to be efficient in the globalized world? To answer these questions, this study reviewed and analyzed the historical development and current trends of the EIU in the regions of Europe, North America, Asia Pacific area, and Africa. For the empirical study, thirty-four experts in EIU selected from the four regions were interviewed by the researchers. Based on the interviews and the related literature review, it was found that the diverse terms of EIU were used in the four regions and the focus on EIU was different depending on the geographical, historical and social environment of each region. But, despite of the diversity in terminology in EIU, human rights, peace, equity and social justice which are emphasized by UNESCO, were universally taught in EIU. The EIU in these regions is currently dealt with in school education, social education and lifelong education, and particularly global citizenship allowing multiple identities is importantly treated together with citizenship education. Another important aspect of EIU that was commonly found in these four regions was that global citizenship education for solving global problems was coexistent with the reinforcement of nationalism for the economic competency of each nation in a globalized world. The issue of global inequality was particularly dealt with in EIU, and the teaching of voluntary civic involvement and responsibility were particularly emphasized in EIU. Based on these research findings, the study proposes "glocalism", connecting global issues with local issues for solving global problems, as a new approach to the EIU of the 21st century.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.273-286
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• 2013

Recently, due to problems with subway and bus operations, a need has emerged for a solution such as the introduction of an Advanced Transit System. In several municipalities, systems have been introduced using light rail as AGT urban aesthetics construction. There is high inhibition and civil cases are delayed by more environmentally friendly and accessible remedies. For the purpose of this study, Changwon city would be transformed to have an environmentally friendly transportation system such as a tram with an overview. Features, advantages, and disadvantages are analyzed, and systems are established the existing public transport routes by transfer system. Changwon city's tram plan is first step in open in year 2018, and second step with the opening goal of the year 2021, and the total line length of 33.9 km, the station will be built in the 38 locations. and also in 2011 a feasibility study, evaluated a low economic as B/C to 0.88, but it evaluated the high value of the policy analysis as AHP to 0.502. However, introduction of a tram project that should precede the as following condition. The first step in Changwon city's tram plan would be as follows : The introduction of the tram system would demand traffic management along with a restructuring of the bus system, and the tram system would be selected for domestic realities. Secondly, the introduction of trams would comprehend the advanced traffic composition in accordance with the consensus of the citizenship, and a legal system should be established for the introduction of the trams.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2010

Diverse research topics relating to Social Network Services (SNS) such as, social affective factors in relationships among internet users, social capital value of SNS, comparing attributes why users are intending to participate in SNS, user's lifestyle and their preferences, and the exploratory seeking potential of SNS as a social capital need to be focused on. However, these researches that have been undertaken only consider facts at a particular period of the changing computing environment. In accordance with this indispensability, the integrated view on what technical, social and business characteristics and attributes need to be acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolving attributes and characteristics of SNS from Web 1.0 to Mobile web 2.0 through the Web 2.0 and Mobile 1.0 period. Based on the relevant literature, the attributes that drive the changing technological, social and business aspects of SNS have been developed and analyzed. This exploratory study analyzed major attributes and relationships between SNS and users by changing the paradigms which represented each period. It classified and chronicled each period by representing paradigms and deducted the attributes by considering three aspects such as technological, social and business administration. The major findings of this study are, firstly, the web based computing environment has been changed into the platform attribute for users in the aspect of technology. Users can only read, listen and view information through the web site in the early stages, but now it is possible that users can create, modify and distribute all kinds of information. Secondly, the few knowledge producers of web services have been changed into a collective intelligence by groups of people in the aspect of society. Information authority has been distributed and there is no limit to its spread. Many businesses recognized the potential of the SNS and they are considering how to utilize these advantages toward channel of promotion and marketing. Thirdly, the conventional marketing channel has been changed into oral transmission by using SNS. The market of innovative mobile technology such as smart phones, which provide convenience and access-ability toward customers, has been enlarged. New opportunities to build friendly relationship between business and customers as a new marketing chance have been created. Finally, the role of the consumer has been changed into the leading role of a prosumer. Users can create, modify and distribute information, and are performing the dual role of customer and producer.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.147-164
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• 2022

Stories have been studied as an important educational method in Christian education. In recent discussions on religious education, stories are positively evaluated in terms of stimulating children's unique fantasy, as opposed to visual media, and in terms of face-to-face direct communication. Our most profound and passionate orientation to the world is shaped by stories. This is because stories move us by moving us and shape our unconscious to act accordingly. However, the subjects that supply stories to children now are various mass media and consumer culture. The story it tells instills a secular worldview and makes us dream of a world completely different from the kingdom of God. Our children need a story to imagine the kingdom of God. This paper focuses on story-style sermons in children's worship and tries to deal with the Christian educational implications of story-style sermons. To this end, first of all, I would like to treat the Bible as a story according to the approximate concept of the story and the position of literary criticism who approached the Bible as a story. The second will deal with narrative preaching. First, we will look at narrative sermons for adults, and then deal with narrative sermons for children. The two narrative sermons were treated separately in the sense of considering the characteristics of children rather than being separated. Lastly, I would like to draw out the Christian educational implications of narrative preaching.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2019

Technology-based start-up is important in that it encourages innovation, facilitates the development of new products and services, and contributes to job creation. Technology-based start-up activates entrepreneurship when appropriate support is provided within the ecosystem. Thus, understanding the technology-based start-up ecosystem is crucial. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, in Herrmann et al.'s(2015) study, we compare and analyze the ecosystem of each country by selecting representative regions such as Silicon Valley, Tel Aviv, London and Singapore which have the highest ranking in the start-up ecosystem. Second, we try to deeply understand the start-up ecosystem based on in-depth interviews with various stakeholders such as VC investors, start-ups, support organizations, and professors related to the Korean start-up ecosystem. Finally, based on the results of the study, we suggest development and activation of Korean technology-based start-up ecosystem. As a result, the Seoul start-up ecosystem showed a positive evaluation of government support compared to other advanced countries. In addition, it was confirmed that the ratio of tele-work and start-up company working experience of employees was higher than other countries. On the other hand, in Seoul, It was confirmed that overseas market performance, human resource diversity, attracting investment, hiring technological engineers, and the ratio of female entrepreneurs were lower than those of overseas advanced countries. In addition, according to the results of the interview analysis, Seoul was able to find that start-up ecosystems such as individual angel investors, accelerators, support institution, and media are developing thanks to the government's market-oriented policy support. However, in order for this development to continue, it is necessary to improve the continuous investment system, expansion of diversity, investment return system, and accessibility to the global market. A discussion on this issue is presented.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.25-45
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust, commitment, and repurchase intention in the distribution channel of travel industry. There are several detailed purposes of this study. First, this study is to grasp the factors of tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer. Secondly, this study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust and commitment. Thirdly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler, which is divided into two levels, firm and salesperson in charge, affects each other and commitment. Fourthly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler finn and salesperson in charge and commitment affect repurchase intention. Fifthly, this study is to suggest more efficient basis for marketing strategies to C.E.O or officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler, and help them to make right decisions. Managerial implications can be drawn from this study. One is that it is recognized that tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer consist of those to tour wholesaler finn such as reputation, physical characteristics, communication and those to salesperson in charge such as expertise, likability, similarity, frequent contact affect trust and commitment positively. Therefore, C.E.O and officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler should set up marketing strategies to get positive results at both levels, a finn and a salesperson. The other is that it is important that a tour wholesaler should manage their tour retailer with relationship oriented methods such as building trust, and make every endeavor to retain long term relationship with tour retailer.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-62
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• 2014

Game industry, one of cultural-content industry which is considered as a typical knowledge-based industry and creative industry, is not like the overseas expansion of traditional manufacture, and has different strategy and performance of export expansion through product or project-based strategy. Therefore, it should be approached by each content unit, and necessary to look at the factors that make their decision makings of foreign market entry vary. This study focuses on discovering creativity, absorptive capacity and strategic orientation(market orientation and innovation orientation) which affect the difference of distribution's decision making of entry into foreign market in game industry This paper examined 252 cases of online games in order to investigate creativity, absorptive capacity and strategic orientations for each foreign market and what entry type(among licensing, joint distribution, exclusive distribution) they chose according to the products developed in team level. This helps us analyze the factors affecting market orientation and innovation orientation in the perspectives of creativity and absorptive capacity in comprehensive way, and notice the phenomena which use different foreign distribution strategy though there are company incorporated abroad and their results. This study supplements the limit of the existing Resource-Based View, Resource-Dependent View, and traditional international business theories such as Transaction Cost Theory or OLI Paradigm(Eclectic Framework), and proves how company could reduce asymmetry of uncertainty and information in creative industry and whether they accomplish successful overseas expansion according to strategic orientations.