• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2014

This study is on the characteristics of habitat use of Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus in Upo-wetland from June to August in 2013. The purpose is population management of Pheasant-tailed Jacana. Four nests were founded which are located in $56.2{\pm}16.37m$ from the waterside. Pheasant-tailed Jacana made their nests above Euryale ferox which consists with water plants such as Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza, Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrocharis duvia and so on. Human beings seem to be the biggest obstacle of their breeding, according to this, Pheasant-tailed Jacana moved their eggs. Only two out of four nests, they moved their eggs and the distance was 1 to 2 meters from the nests. Since plant community of Euryale ferox is extensively distributed and water level also keep stable in Upo-wetland, the number of Pheasant-tailed Jacana coming to Upo-wetland is expected to increase every year. In the past, the number of Pheasant-tailed Jacana coming to Korea was too little to include management plan, but now, we need to manage them because of their population growth and the regular advent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.285-301
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare systematic and efficient measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Island, and to clarify characteristics of distribution of plant resources in southernmost islands of Korean peninsula. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 164 taxa included 6 families, 13 genera, and 15 species in pteridophyta, 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species in coniferophyta, and 59 families, 126 genera, 146 species, and 2 varieties in endospermae composed of 49 families, 97 genera, 114 species, and 1 variety in dicotyledonae and 10 families, 29 genera, 32 species, and 1 variety monocotyledonae. Unrecorded taxa of the flora of Beomseom Island were 19 taxa included 4 taxa of pteridophyta, i.e. Hypolepis punctata, Cyrtomium fortunei, Dryopteris pacifica, and Thelypteris granduligera, 6 taxa of monocotyledonae, i.e. Setaria viridis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus triangulatus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Dioscorea nipponica, and 9 taxa of dicotyledonae, i.e. Alnus firma, Boehmeria Platanifolia, Aconogonum ajanense, Phytolacca americana, Melandryum oldhamianum var. roseum, Vitis flexuosa, Clerodendron trichotomum, Elaeagnus glabra, and Siegesbeckia glabrescens. The two rare species, Osmanthus insularis that distributed only Jeju-do and Geomoondo Island and Orostachys iwarenge that distributed only southern parts of Jeju-do in Korea were investigated. The numbers of naturalized plants were 20 families, 33 genera, 34 species, and 1 variety.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the agronomic traits, comparison of weed characteristics and possibility of gene flow in 'vitamin A enforced GM rice' and the donor plant, 'Nagdong'. The GM rice was not significantly different agronomic traits compared to the donor plant, Nagdong. Weed population changes were investigated in the cultivation of the GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong. Dominant weed species and their dry matter did not show the difference between GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong in macro-GM crop field. Dominant weed species with the GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lindernia procumbens. The detection of gene from the GM rice was done using PCR, gene flow can't be detected by weed species. Results of this study on the agronomic traits, weed characteristics and possibility of gene flow has elucidated that GM rice might not be different from the donor plant, Nagdong.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to discover new phytotoxins which may be used as lead molecules for the development of new herbicides. A total of 187 endophytic fungi were isolated from 11 plant species, which were collected from 8 locations in Korea. Their herbicidal activities were screened in vivo by herbicidal and duckweed bioassays after they were cultured in potato dextrose broth and rice solid media. Both fermentation broth and solid culture extract of Gliocladium catenulatum F0006 isolated from red pine (Pinus densiflora) showed 70% herbicidal activity only against cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) out of the 10 weeds tested. Solid culture extract of F0034 isolated from arrowroot (Pueraria thunbergiana) exhibited 20 to 100% herbicidal activities against all of the weeds. Especially, shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and fall pauicum (Panicum dichtomiflorum) were sensitive to the solid culture extract of F0034. In addition, solid culture extract of F0043 isolated from red pine displayed 20% to 70% herbicidal activities only against 5 grass species, but not against 5 broad-leaf plant species. On the other hand, as the results of duckweed assay, 8 fermentation broths showed 100% growth inhibitory activity at concentrations less than 5.0% of culture supernatants and 12 solid cultures had a potent inhibitory activity against duckweed growth. A toxic metabolite was purified from the solid cultures of G. catenulatum F0006 by repeated column chromatography and bioassay. It caused a phytotoxic syndrome only on cocklebur out of the 10 weeds tested; it completely killed cocklebur seedlings at $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and showed 85% herbicidal activity against cocklebur at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The molecular weight of the toxic metabolite is 238 daltons and its structure determination is underway.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2003

The wetland in the city could be mainly divided into the deep water type and the abandoned paddy type, so this study was conducted to analyze characteristics between the two types of the wetland. The former sample site was located near the Olympic village in Songpa-gu of Seoul, and the latter sample site was in front of the Mt. Bukhan fortress in Eunpyeong-gu of Seoul. The actual vegetation, vascular plants, and avian fauna were researched. In the actual vegetation, the deep water type had the broad surface of water and the emerged plant as Phragmites communis have grown widely, but the abandoned paddy type had the narrow sur-face of water and hydrophyte as Persicaria thunbergii have grown widely. It might be judged because the water depth of the abandoned paddy type were shallow wholly. And the floating-leaved plants and the free-floating planktonic plants were not observed such as Nymphaea tetragona var. angusta, Lemna paucicostata in the abandoned paddy type wetland. The wild birds were mainly observed at the edge of the wetland(at the edge of woodland) in the abandoned paddy type, but were observed equally in the deep water type. 28 families 433 species were observed at the former site and 32 families 365 species were observed at latter site. It was judged that the various topographical structure(habitat diversity) might make all items various.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants at the Wolmyung Park was listed 479 taxa: 105 families, 317 genera, 417 species, 1 subspecies, 55 varieties and 6 forms. 479 taxa listed consists of 291 taxa of edible plants (60.8%), 335 taxa of medicinal plants (69.9%), 234 taxa of ornamental plants (48.9%) and 243 taxa of the others (50.7%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the investigated areas; Aristolochia contorta (Preservation priority order, No. 151), Magnolia kobus (No. 187), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110), Berchemia racemesa (No. 67) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 9 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta, Aster koraiensis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 31 taxa; Prunus yedoensis, Berchemia racemosa in class V, Magnolia kobus, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 4 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha, etc.) in class III, Caryopteris incana in class II, 22 taxa (Clematis patens, Orixa japonica, Euscaphis japonica, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 35 genera, 44 species, 2 varieties, 46 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.6% of all 479 taxa vascular plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 1992

The flowering in Lemna gibba G3, a long-day plant, was promoted under continuous light by agmatine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine present in the culture medium. Methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and cyc10hexylamine (CHA), inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, were found to suppress the flowering in the plants. The vegetative grov.1h rate was kept constant while the flowering was being promoted by the pOlyamines, and the inhibitors with depressive effect on flowering showed stimulatory effect on vegetative grov.1h. The pattern of vegetative growth during floral promotion or depression was an indication that the promotive action of the pOlyamines and the suppressive effect of the inhibitors may be outcome of their possible involvement specifically in the flowering process rather than in broad spectrum of growth of L. gibba G3. The degree of promotive action of spermdine and spermine could not be altered (or lessened) by simultaneous application of their inhibitors to the medium. This phenomenon indicates that the flowering process in L. gibba G3 may largely be dependent to the status of endogenous spermidine and spermine. Endogenous level of spermidine in florally induced Lemna, was found to rapidly increase. In 24 h of floral induction, the content reached at the level 2 times higher than that in non-induced plants. The elevated level of spermidine provides an additional, though premature, evidence supporting the postulation that endogenous polyamine status might play an important role in the very early stage of floral induction in L. gibba G3.bba G3.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain basic ecological information required for wetland restoration in Korea where wetland is very deficient. To arrive at the objective, we collected the basic ecological information for wetland restoration in four Doombeongs located on Goesan of Chungcheongbuk-do (province), central Korea where maintains relatively integrate feature of Doombeong. Synthesized horizontal distribution of vegetation based on vegetation established naturally except that established by artificial interference, Potamogeton distinctus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Sagittaria aginashi community, Trapa japonica community, Scirpus triangulatus community, and Sparganium japonicum community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Ludwigia prostrata community, Humulus japonicus community, Persicaria nodosa community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis - P. japonica community, and Scirpus radicans community, S. gracilistyla community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, and Rosa multiflora community, and Salix koreensis community and Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala community tended to be established in aquatic zone, herbaceous plant dominated vegetation zone, shrub dominated vegetation zone, and tree and sub-tree dominated vegetation zone, respectively. As the result of DCA ordination based on vegetation data collected from several Doombeongs and their surrounding areas, plant communities tended to be classified into aquatic, wetland, and riparian plant dominated stands. Spatial niche and species composition of major plant communities composing those stands were suggested as the reference information for creating ecological pond as a type of wetland. Further, the importance of wetland and the necessity of wetland restoration was discussed based on functions that the wetland displays.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.690-706
• /
• 2019

Paddy fields play an important role in the biodiversity conservation of agroecosystems as man-made wetlands. This study focused on the floristic composition and characteristics of paddy fields in South Korea. The flora surveys were conducted in 33 areas in nine provinces at two times (June and August) in 2016. The results showed that the vascular plants of the paddy fields in South Korea included 389 taxa, composed of 51 families, 219 genera, 350 species, four subspecies, 30 varieties, and five forms. Among the 51 families, Gramineae was the most diverse in species (76 taxa), followed by Compositae (61 taxa), Leguminosae (32 taxa), Cyperaceae (27 taxa), Polygonaceae (15 taxa), and Scrophulariaceae (12 taxa). Based on the occurrence frequency of each species, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (100%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. (100%) were the highest, followed by Acalypha australis L. (97.0%), Bidens frondosa L. (97.0%), Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (97.0%), Rorippa palustris (Leyss.) Besser (93.9%), Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. (93.9%), Lemna perpusilla Torr. (93.9%), Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis(90.9%), Rorippa palustris(Leyss.) Besser(87.9%), Eclipta prostrata(L.) L.(87.9%), Commelina communis L.(87.9%), Artemisia princeps Pamp.(84.8%), Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.(84.8%), Cyperus microiria Steud.(84.8%), and Aneilema keisak(Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. (81.8%). The biological type of paddy fields in South Korea was determined to be Th-R₅-D₄-t type. Rare plants were found in six taxa: Aristolochina contorta Bunge, Penthorum chinense Pursh, Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) Hartog, Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers., Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi, and Acorus calamus L. Eighty taxa contained naturalized plants composed of 15 families, 54 genera, 76 species, three varieties, and one form. The urbanization and naturalization indices were 24.8% and 20.6%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2017

Backswamp is the section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood. In general, the wetland is composed of diverse ecosystems, and is characterized by ecotone. The purpose of this study was to analyze vegetation naturalness and to assess vegetation value by syntaxonomy and synecology of Useupje backswamp at Yeongsan river. As a result, the vegetation was divided into four physyiognomy types and 14 vegetation units depending on the species composition and habitats. The vegetation units confirmed in the study were as follow: Spirodela polyrhiza community as floating plant; Trapa bispinosa var. inuma community and Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community as floating-leaved plant; Paspalum distichum community, Persicaria thunbergii community and Phalaridetum arundinaceae as lentic vegetation in the eulittoral zone; Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae and Typha angustata community in the emerged zone; Scirpetum tabernaemontani and Phragmitetum australis in the littoral zone; Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community ecotone region of upland. According to the study, the vegetation distribution was highly affected by water level and artificial interference. Moreover, the development of vegetation units showed a significant relationship between species composition and habitats. Although vegetation value of Useupje resulted by vegetation naturalness was identified as the grade [III], the ecological value is expected to upward evaluation because of unique vegetation and geographical location.