• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2004

한인 13가구가 최초로 러시아로 이주한 1863년 이후 그 수는 기하급수적으로 증가하였다. 초기에는 국경지대를 중심으로 한인촌을 형성하였으나 점차 연해주는 물론 동시베리아 지역으로까지 확산되었다. 블라디보스토크에서도 도시의 건설 및 성장과 함께 한인 집단 거주지가 형성되었고, 두 차례 에 걸친 강제 이주와 한 번의 자발적 이주로 위치가 이동하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.167-184
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• 2016

This paper investigates the migration process of Korean population in Northeastern China since the 19th century, focusing on the population distribution patterns in different time periods which reflect changes and diffusions of diaspora space. Korean migration into Northeastern China seemed to begin from the late 19th century, and can be classified into four different periods including cross-border refugee period (19th to 1910), political exile period(1911-1931), forced migration period(1932-1945), and economic-driven migration period(after 1946). The Korean migration into Northeastern China was closely related to paddy field rice farming by Korean migrants, which can be interpreted as a process of contagious diffusion starting from border area between Korea and China at the early stage. And then, process of hierarchical diffusion occurred along with urban centers on the railways from the 1930s. At the later stage, Korean migration has extended to coastal urban centers, other big cities in China and other countries including Korea since the 2000s. Recently, ethnic Korean communities in China have experienced changes from rural village based community to urban district based community as well as from single-nuclei ethnic structure around Northeastern China toward multi-nuclei ethnic structure extending to coastal urban areas in China.

• 보건세계
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• v.43 no.10 s.482
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• pp.14-17
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• 1996

6$\cdot$25동란 후 결핵환자는 급증하였고, 가난한 국가재정과 한정된 결핵병상으로는 이들을 감당할 수 없어 장기간 병상을 점유한 환자를 강제 퇴원시켜 여수로 집단이주시켰다. 이름하여 결핵자활촌-오갈데 없는 난치환자들의 처절한 몸부림과 우리 모두가 어려웠던 시절의 가슴아픈 사연들.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.294-299
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to find out the housing history of Sakhalin returnees since leaving hometown under the Japanese ruling period. Face to face interview had been done with 20 returnees in the community center during October to December, 2008. Personal life as well as housing histories were differed by the reason to move into Sakhalin, which still influenced the returnee' life in Ansan. The housing they had lived changed from barracks like a training camp, to Japanese small wooden cottage/row house, and then Russian brick house/apartment. Housing alteration and addition were common to renew the old house. The boundary of residing area was mostly limited to the first residing location throughout one's life without a long distance move. Housing satisfaction was very high in Gohyangmaeul because of the improvement of housing facilities and residence itself as well as convenience of housing management compared to the residence in Sakhalin. Economic and emotional aspect of life satisfaction were also high through about 8 years of living in. Forced movers still require the compensation on hand no matter the amount.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.978-983
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• 2014

This research proposes a method to estimate the fatigue life of solid-state drive(SSD) due to the effect of dummy solder ball under forced vibration. Mechanical jig is developed to describe the SSD in laptop computer. The jig with SSD is mounted on a shaker, and excited by a sinusoidal sweep vibration within the narrow frequency band around the first resonant frequency until the SSD fails. A finite element model of SSD is also developed to simulate the forced vibration. It shows that the solder joints at the corners of controller package are most vulnerable components and that placing dummy solder balls at those area is effective method to increase fatigue life of SSD.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.18
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• pp.74-77
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• 2003

지난 11월 12일 국립민속박물관에서는 한국과 카자흐스탄의 우호를 돈독히 하는 특별한 전시회가 열렸다. 블라디보스토크에 거주하던 한인들의 강제이주 66주년을 기념하기 위해 열린 '사진으로 보는 한인 이민사와 카자흐스탄' 전시회에는 누르술탄 나자르바예프 카자흐스탄 대통령과 이한동, 이수성 전 국무총리, 박관용 국회의장 등이 참석해 언론의 주목을 받았다. 특히 이날 행사 준비와 카자흐스탄 대통령을 영접하고 전시회를 안내한 사람은 한.카자흐친선협회 회장인 베델사 이옥련 사장이었다. 이옥련 회장을 만나 인쇄인으로서의 삶과 친선협회, 카자흐스탄의 동포들에 대한 이야기를 들어봤다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to find out the housing history of Sakhalin returnees in Ansan Gohyangmaeul since leaving hometown under the Japanese ruling period, who experienced two international migration for one's life. Face to face interview had been done with 20 returnees in the community center of Ansan Gohyangmaeul during October to December, 2008. The semi-structured questionnaire about housing the respondents lived in major life changes used to guide the individual interview. The results showed that personal life as well as housing histories were differed by the reason to move into Sakhalin, which still influenced the returnee' life up to now. The housing they had lived changed from barracks like a training camp, to Japanese small wooden cottage/row house, and then Russian brick house/ apartment. Housing alteration and addition and rebuilding were common to renew the old existing house. The boundary of residing area was mostly limited to the first residing location under soviet governing system throughout one's life without a long distance move. Housing satisfaction was very high in Gohyangmaeul because of the improvement of housing facilities and residence itself as well as the convenience of housing management, compared to former residence in Sakhalin. Economic and emotional aspects of life satisfaction were also high during about 8 years of living in the apartment. Forced movers still require the compensation on hand to either Korean or Japanese government no matter the amount. Social integration to the Korean community would be one of the main issues to new returnees as well as the already returned. In-depth interviews of case study need to reveal the unique housing experience of the forced mover according to the type of leaving hometown by oneself or by parents, and to returned region and time to motherland.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2015

This research proposes a method to estimate the fatigue life of SSD(solid-state drive) due to the effect of dummy solder ball under forced vibration. A finite element model of the SSD was developed to simulate the forced vibration and a modal testing was performed to verify the developed finite element model. Fatigue life of the SSD under vibration was experimentally determined according to JEDEC standard in which the SSD was excited by a sinusoidal sweep vibration within the narrow frequency band around the first natural frequency until the SSD fails. Basquin's equation was introduced to estimate the fatigue life of the SSD due to the effect of dummy solder balls. It shows that the dummy solder balls are effective elements of the SSD to increase the fatigue life of an SSD by increasing 700 times of the fatigue life of the given SSD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2009

Because the stone cultural properties located outdoors, they have been altered and deteriorated in external appearance due to environmental factors. Damage to stone cultural properties is accelerated particularly due to recent industrial development and environmental pollution. When fresh granite was dipped into the seawater, the mineral compositions(Ca, K) of the granite surface were lower then those of the fresh granite and density of the weathered granite was steadily decreased from $2.600 g/cm^3$ to $2.580-2.582 g/cm^3$. Also, absorption capacity of the weathered granite was steadily increased from 0.392% to $0.526{\sim}0.616%$. In the case of $TiO_2$ was coated to the granite, the change of density and absorption ratio of $TiO_2$ coated granite were decreased. Therefore, the $TiO_2$ coating considered to be a viable method to assist in the conservation of stone cultural properties from environmental contaminants.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2010

Occurrence of wilted symptom in watermelon plant ($Citrullus$ $lanatus$ L.) is known to be caused by physiological disorder. The symptom results in the loss of fruit production and thus the economical loss of watermelon growers. The incidence of symptom is often found from the middle of March to the end of May in the major watermelon crop production areas of Korea (i.e. Uiryeong, Gyeongnam (lat $37^{\circ}$56'64"N, long $126^{\circ}$99'97"E)). Despite of extensive information about the physiological disorder, little study has been conducted to understand a relationship between the wilted symptom and accompanying environment factors (e.g. temperature). This study aimed to investigate effects of environmental conditions amended by a forced-ventilation system on physiological characteristics of watermelon and incidence of the wilted symptom. Watermelon plants were grown from January to May, 2009 with either the forced-or natural-ventilation treatment in a greenhouse located in the Uiryeong. In the result, the forced-ventilation treatment decreased the air, leaf and root-zone temperature approximately $4.5^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to the natural-ventilation. The fruit growth rate was maximized twice during the entire growing period. The higher rate of fruit growth was observed under the natural-ventilation than the forced one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate (approximately 430 g per day) was first observed by 12 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation treatment, while the second one (approximately 350 g per day) was observed by 24 days after fruiting. The wilted symptom started occurring by 22 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation, whereas no incidence of the symptom was found under the forced-ventilation treatment. Interestingly, the forced-ventilation lowered the fruit growth rate (approximately 320 g per day) compared to the natural one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate under the forced-ventilation was found at 4 days later than that under the natural one. This result coincided with a slower plant growth under the forced-ventilation treatment. These results suggest that the forced-ventilation slows down extension growth of fruit and plant, which may be associated with lowering leaf temperature and saturation deficit. We suggest the hypothesis that the forced-ventilation may alleviate stress of the wilted symptom by avoiding extreme water evaporation from leaves due to high temperature and thus by reducing competition between leaves and fruits for water. More direct and detailed investigations are needed to confirm the effect of the forced ventilation.