Wilted Symptom in Watermelon Plant under Ventilation Systems

환기처리에 의한 수박의 시듦증 발생 기작

  • Cho, Ill-Hwan (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ann, Joong-Hoon (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Moon (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Moon, Ji-Hye (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Joo-Hyun (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Byung-Soon (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Son, Seon-Hye (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Young (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Gyu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Woo, Young-Hoe (Department of Vegetable, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries)
  • 조일환 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 안중훈 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이우문 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 문지혜 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이주현 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 최병순 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 손선혜 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 최은영 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이상규 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 우영회 (한국농수산대학)
  • Received : 2010.01.25
  • Accepted : 2010.02.16
  • Published : 2010.08.31

Abstract

Occurrence of wilted symptom in watermelon plant ($Citrullus$ $lanatus$ L.) is known to be caused by physiological disorder. The symptom results in the loss of fruit production and thus the economical loss of watermelon growers. The incidence of symptom is often found from the middle of March to the end of May in the major watermelon crop production areas of Korea (i.e. Uiryeong, Gyeongnam (lat $37^{\circ}$56'64"N, long $126^{\circ}$99'97"E)). Despite of extensive information about the physiological disorder, little study has been conducted to understand a relationship between the wilted symptom and accompanying environment factors (e.g. temperature). This study aimed to investigate effects of environmental conditions amended by a forced-ventilation system on physiological characteristics of watermelon and incidence of the wilted symptom. Watermelon plants were grown from January to May, 2009 with either the forced-or natural-ventilation treatment in a greenhouse located in the Uiryeong. In the result, the forced-ventilation treatment decreased the air, leaf and root-zone temperature approximately $4.5^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to the natural-ventilation. The fruit growth rate was maximized twice during the entire growing period. The higher rate of fruit growth was observed under the natural-ventilation than the forced one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate (approximately 430 g per day) was first observed by 12 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation treatment, while the second one (approximately 350 g per day) was observed by 24 days after fruiting. The wilted symptom started occurring by 22 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation, whereas no incidence of the symptom was found under the forced-ventilation treatment. Interestingly, the forced-ventilation lowered the fruit growth rate (approximately 320 g per day) compared to the natural one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate under the forced-ventilation was found at 4 days later than that under the natural one. This result coincided with a slower plant growth under the forced-ventilation treatment. These results suggest that the forced-ventilation slows down extension growth of fruit and plant, which may be associated with lowering leaf temperature and saturation deficit. We suggest the hypothesis that the forced-ventilation may alleviate stress of the wilted symptom by avoiding extreme water evaporation from leaves due to high temperature and thus by reducing competition between leaves and fruits for water. More direct and detailed investigations are needed to confirm the effect of the forced ventilation.

수박($Citrullus$ $lanatus$ L.)의 시듦증은 생리장해라고 알려져 있다. 품질 및 수량을 저하시키고 큰 경제적 손실을 가져오는 이 증상은 주로 한국의 수박 주산지인 의령이나 함안 지역에서 기온이 높아지는 3월 중순 이후부터 시작하며 해에 따라 발생 양상이 차이가 있다. 수박 생리장해에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되고 있으나 시듦증의 발생 기작에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 시듦증 발생 기작을 해명하기 위하여 강제환기 처리를 하였으며 경남 의령군 용덕면에서 2009년 1월-5월까지 수행하였다. 관행처리에 비해 강제환기 처리는 시설내 기온, 엽온 및 근권부의 온도를 각각 약 4.5, 5, $3^{\circ}C$정도 낮게 유지시켰고 포차도 낮게 유지시켰다. 전 생육기간 동안 관행 및 강제환기 처리 모두에서 과실 생육속도가 최대를 보이는 시기가 두 차례 관찰되었고 관행에서 그 속도와 시기가 더 빠른 것으로 관찰되었고, 첫 번째 최대기는 착과 후 12일에(350g/일), 그 두 번째는 착과 후 24일에(350g/일) 관찰되었다. 시듦증은 착과 후 22일에 관행처리 에서만 발생하기 시작하였다. 강제환기 처리에서 과실 생육최대기는 관행처리에서 보다 4일 늦게 관찰되었다(350g/일). 동시에 식물체 생육속도도 강제환기가 관행처리 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 강제환기가 전 생육기간 동안 엽온 및 포차를 낮게 유지함으로써 식물체 및 과실의 생육속도를 조절했다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 강제환기가 건전한 생육을 유도하고 식물체의 증산을 조절함으로써 엽과 과실간 수분경합을 줄여 시듦증을 방지시킨다는 가설을 제시한다. 금후 직접적이고 정밀한 실험을 통해 강제환기효과에 대한 식물체내의 수분균형의 연구가 기대 된다.

Keywords

References

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