• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

This research is to investigate the four years growth mountain-cultivated ginseng ripened twenty-two weeks into four years fermented persimmon vinegar (tentatively: Sansamcho) ingestion on obese-related factors during dietary control. The Sansamcho was ingested orally, two times a day, after every meal for six weeks to the male rats. Groups were divided into the control (CON), the restricted diet (RD), and the weight cycling (WC). And, each groups has its own sub-groups as the -control (-CON), 2.5 times diluted Sansamcho ingestion (-MPV2.5), and 5.0 times diluted Sansamcho ingestion (-MPV5.0) groups, respectively. The number of rat was consisted of seven in each group. After six weeks rearing periods was done, abdominal fats (retroperitoneal fat, mesentery fat, and epididymal fat) and energy metabolic-related protein (AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; PPAR-${\alpha}$: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\alpha}$; and CPT-1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) were weighed and analyzed. Amount of stored fat was significantly or tended to decrease by Sansamcho ingestion. In addition, sum of fats increasing were suppressed by the material. On the contrary, energy metabolism-related protein expression was significantly increased or tended to increase by Sansamcho ingestion. This results suggested that increased energy metabolism using Sansamcho was restrained effectively visceral fat store by high-fat diet and/or dietary control. In other words, it has a good function to suppress weight cycling which is the most insoluble problem. Therefore, the fusion material, Sansamcho, may expect to utilize as the obese-suppression-food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.642-647
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• 2003

In order to investigate utilization possibility of persimmon peel as a source of vinegar, we had been examined the alcohol and acetic acid fermentations of persimmon peel. In the first stage, alcohol fermentation, alcohol content was maximum value (8.22%) in 12.43 mL/g of added water, $12.41^{\circ}Brix$ of initial sugar content and 48.05 hr of fermentation time. Acidity was minimum value (0.30%) in 12.18 mL/g of added water, $13.72^{\circ}Brix$ of initial sugar content and 46.22 hr of fermentation time. In the second stage, acetic acid fermentation, acidity was maximum value (6.40%) in 2.02% of initial acidity, 67.98 rpm of agitation rate and 6.94 day of fermentation time. Browning color was minimum value in 1.50% of initial acidity, 150.0 rpm of agitation rate and 6.0 day of fermentation time. To manufacture persimmon vinegar using persimmon peel, in the first stage, optimal alcohol fermentation conditions was 12mL/g in added water, $12^{\circ}Brix$ in initial sugar concentration and 48 hr in fermentation time. In the second stage, optimal acetic acid fermentation conditions was 1.8% in initial acidity, 70 rpm in agitation rate and 6 day in fermentation time using Acetobacter sp. PA97.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.616-624
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• 2010

We compared the physicochemical properties of, and volatile components in various commercial fruit vinegars (made from apples, grapes, and persimmons). Total acidity was highest in grape vinegars. Significant between-sample differences were evident in total and reducing sugar contents. Brownness, turbidity, and overall color difference (the ${\Delta}E$ value) were highest in persimmon vinegars. Free sugars were composed mainly of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose. Major organic acids were present in the (descending abundance) order acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and succinic acid, among-samples difference were negligible. Nine-essential free amino acids were detected in nine types of grape and persimmon vinegars, and in six varieties of apple vinegar. Among 17 types of volatile compounds identified in apple vinegars, 12 in grape vinegars, and 33 in persimmon vinegars, the main volatile components were acetic acid, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isovaleric acid, isoamyl alcohol, propanoic acid and phenethyl acetate. Volatile chemicals in commercial fruit vinegars were effectively analyzed using a SAW e-nose.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

11-nor-9-carboxy-${\Delta}^9$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) is the major metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana. It is also the target analyte for the discrimination marijuana use. A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the determination of THCCOOH in human urine. Urine samples (3 mL) were extracted by SPE column with a cation exchange cartridge after basic hydrolysis. The eluents were then evaporated, derivatized, and injected into the GC/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.4 and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The response was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 within the concentration range of 1.2 (LLE 1.3)~50.0 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy were stable within 1.20% and the recovery was 83.6~90.7%. The recovery of SPE method was lower than that of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), but there were no apparent differences in LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy between the two methods. While SPE method is used as a very effective and rapid procedure for sample pretreatment, and clean extracts, LLE method was not suitable for the extraction procedure of THCCOOH in urine. The applicability of the method was proven by analyzing a urine samples from a marijuana abusers.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

Although liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method has been used routinely for the analysis of amphetamine-like drugs (amphetamine; AP, methamphetamine; MA, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine; MDEA), a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, which can be automated, was applied for the simultaneous determination by GC/MS in human urine. Urine samples (3 mL) and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (1 mL, pH 7.0) were extracted by an automated SPE system. The eluent was evaporated, derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), and analyzed by GC/MS. The calibration curves was linear with correlation coefficient ($r^2$) above 0.994 in the ranges of 34.0 (AP), 28.0 (MDA)~1000.0 ng/mL for AP, MDA, and 50.0~2000.0 ng/mL for MA, MDMA, and MDEA. The limits of detection ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL, and the limits of quantitation ranged from 12.0 to 34.0 ng/mL. The relative recoveries were 93.5~107.7 %. The precisions and accuracies were 1.9~14.8 % and -8.7~14.8 %, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to identify the MA or Ecstasy (MDMA) abusers in exact as well as rapid.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 1999

The following is experimental result of Biochemical characteristics of Acetobacter sp. Acetobacter sp. were gram negative, short rod, non-spore-forming and motile. It reacted positively catalase, methyl red, oxidation fementation, voges-proskauer and nitrate reduction tests and hydrogen sulfide test negative and ONPG negative. Acetobacter sp. showed normal growth curve in Carr broth and there was no significant difference between isolates and type strains such as Acetobacter aceti(KCTC 1010), Acetobacter diazotrophicus(KCTC 2859). Acetobacter liquefaciens(KCTC 2804) and Acetobacter pasteurianus(KCTC 1008).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.190-193
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• 1998

최근 들어 컴퓨터와 네트워크의 발전에 기인하여 일상업무의 대부분을 컴퓨터를 이용하여 할 수 있으므로 신원 확인은 중요한 분야로 부상되었으며, 지문은 편리한 입력과 종생불변하고 만인부동한 특성으로 생체 측정 분야 중 가장 각광받고 있는 분야가 되었다. 지문은 입력 방법에 따라 중심점과 삼각주를 전부 취득하는 회전 지문과 손가락을 회전하지 않고 취득한 평면 지문으로 나뉜다. 지문 인식 기술은 특징점 추출과 분류 그리고 매칭으로 나뉘는 AFIS에 이용되는 기술과 분류기술은 생략할 수 있는 검증 기술이 있는 데 본 논문에서는 AFIE에 관련된 전반적인 기술에 관하여 기술한다.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

인간이 기계를 운용하기 위해서는 인간의 의사를 적절한 방법으로 기계에 입력하여야 하고 명령에 따른 기계의 작동을 때맞추어 알아볼 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 인간과 기계간의 소통(interface)의 대표적인 예를 컴퓨터에서 찾을 수 있다. 인간이 컴퓨터와 소통하는 가장 전형적인 방법은 자판과 마우스, 그리고 모니터를 통한 입출력이다. 스캐너 펜이나 보이스 펜, 착용형 마우스, 또는 카드 리더기나 바코드 입력기, 지문 감식기와 같은 보다 전문적인 입력기기도 존재하며, 별도의 입력기기를 사용하지 않고 직접 음성으로 컴퓨터를 제어하는 음성인식 시스템 또한 활용단계에 이르렀다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 1992

In this study, the methods to identify the causes of electrical fires are suggested. Among several causes of electrocal fires, it is focused upon a short-circuit and an over-current accidents, which take the highest ratio compare with any other causes. To propose the exact method of identification, electric wires(HIV, IV), fuses and plug-receptacls are tested under the conditions of electrical accidents and external fires, respectively. By analyzing the microphotographs, the differences between the results from electrical fires and the others are found out.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

우리 선조들은 가끔 점을 쳐서 내일이 길흉화복(吉凶禍福)을 예측했다. 오늘날에는 복권 한 장에 마음을 졸이며 대박을 기다리는 현대인들에 이르기까지, 우리 인류는 항상 확률적인 상황에 직면해 왔다. '확률'이라는 말이 개입되는 순간부터, 우리의 삶은 하나의 도박이 되는 것이다. 병원에서 질병 감염 여부를 검사할 때나 법적 증거로 DNA 유전자를 감식할 때, 거기에는 항상 '확률'적 요인이 숨어있다. 그 중심에 가우스(Carl Fredrich Gauss, 1777-1855, 독일)가 있다. EU 통합 전 독일의 10 Mark 화폐 주인공 가우스, 가우스는 독일의 자존심이다. 고대부터 인간은 무엇인가를 결정할 때 확률적 결정에 따른다. 본고에서는 가우스 확률분포의 기원을 추적 요약하였다.