• Title/Summary/Keyword: 갈등 조정

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Development of 2D Urban Inundation Analysis Model using Adaptive Mesh Refinement Method (메쉬 세분화 기법을 이용한 2차원 침수해석 모형의 개발)

  • Lee, Seung-soo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.93-93
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    • 2016
  • 최근 증가하고 있는 기후변화에 의해 설계빈도를 상회하는 강우의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인한 도시유역의 내수범람 피해가 증가하고 있다. 도시유역에서 발생하는 침수 피해의 경우 인적 물적 자원이 집중되어 있는 도시의 특성으로 인해 침수로 인한 직접적 피해 규모가 상당할 뿐만 아니라 침수 발생 후 세균 및 박테리아에 의해 발생하는 수인성 전염병의 유행 등과 같은 2차적 피해 또한 심각한 사회적 비용을 초래할 수 있어 도시유역의 침수 피해를 저감시키기 위한 대책이 절실히 요구되어지고 있다. 도시유역의 침수를 예방하기 위한 대책은 구조적 비구조적 대책으로 구분되어 질 수 있으며 구조적 대책의 경우 침수 피해 예방에 직접적인 효과를 낼 수 있다는 장점이 있으나 대규모 사업예산 및 사업 기간으로 인해 직접적 효과를 보기까지 상대적으로 긴 시간이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 사업 진행 중 대상지역 거주민들의 민원으로 인한 갈등 조정 등으로 인해 사업실행에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 비구조적 대책의 일환인 수치해석을 통한 침수피해 재현 및 침수원인 파악을 통한 구조개선 제안은 구조적 대책의 단점을 보완할 수있는 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 도시유역의 경우 비도시유역과 대조적인 차이점으로는 높은 비율의 불투수층, 복잡한 지형, 다수의 인공 구조물 및 배수관망 시스템 등을 들 수 있으며, 침수해석 모형의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 복잡한 지형의 효율적인 처리가 무엇보다 중요하다. 일반적으로 이용되는 2차원 침수해석 모형들은 직교구조 격자 또는 비구조 격자를 이용하여 지형을 묘사하고 있으며 DEM 자료를 직접 사용하는 직교구조 격자의 경우 지형 데이터 생성이 상대적으로 쉽다는 장점이 있으나 복잡한 지형을 표현하기 위해서는 불필요한 지역까지 높은 해상도를 이용해야 하며 이로 인하여 모의시간이 지나치게 길어지는 문제점이 발생한다. 비구조 격자의 경우 상대적으로 복잡한 도시 유역을 잘 묘사할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나 격자망 생성에 필요한 데이터가 많고 격자망 생성에 지나치게 많은 시간과 노력이 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위에서 언급한 두 가지 방법의 장점만을 취할 수 있도록 메쉬 세분화 기법을 이용한 2차원 침수해석 모형을 개발 하여 복잡한 지형은 고해상도 메쉬를 이용하여 보다 자세히 묘사하고 상대적으로 복잡하지 않은 지형은 저해상도 메쉬를 이용하여 계산시간을 단축시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 수치해석 기법으로는 엇갈림 격자를 이용하는 Leap-Frog 기법과 유한차분 (Finite difference Method)기법을 이용하였다.

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A Study on the National Cryptographic Policy : About the Right to Access the Cryptographic (국가 암호정책에 대한 연구 : 암호접근권한을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Dong-hoon;Kwon, Hun-yeong;Hong, Seokhie
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2021
  • With the recent development of ICT, information exchange through data communication network is increasing. Cryptography is widely used as the base technology to protect it. The initial cryptography technology was developed for military use and authorized only by the nation in the past. However, nowadays, much of the authority was unwillingly transferred to the private due to the pervasive use of ICT. As a result, there have been conflicts between the private demand to use cryptography and the nation's authority. In this paper, we survey the conflicts between nations and the private in the process of formulating the cryptography policy. Morever, we investigate the reality of the cryptography policy in Korea. Our investigations are expected to help the government apply cryptographic control policy in a balanced manner and plan development of cryptography industries. Lastly, we propose a need to establish a cryptanalysis organization and to legislate a legal sanction against fraudulent use of cryptography.

Review of the principle of election - Focusing on the Estonia e-voting case (선거의 원칙에 대한 재고찰 - 에스토니아 전자투표 사례를 중심으로)

  • Moon, Eun-Young
    • Informatization Policy
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 2022
  • The March 2022 presidential election held at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic drew flak for undermining the principle of universal suffrage by failing to guarantee properly the voting rights of confirmed and quarantined persons. Guaranteeing their voting rights requires thinking about e-voting that can fundamentally overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of current paper voting polling stations. The question is how to deal with the increased possibility of contradicting or violating the principles of equality and direct and secret suffrage due to the expansion of universal suffrage. In order to obtain implications for this, we looked at the case of Estonia, which has been holding 11 national elections without any problems since the introduction of e-voting in 2005. Estonia was successfully building trust in the system, government, and society through the institutionalization and routinization of the overall socio-technical system of e-voting, along with political and constitutional agreements on the principles of elections. Therefore, we should not only consider the possibility of e-voting in terms of technological development and level but also discuss the establishment of trust by mediating conflicts between election principles from a normative point of view to reach a social consensus.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Labor Relations : Labor-management Conflict Issues and Union Strategies in Western Advanced Countries (4차 산업혁명과 노사관계 : 노사갈등 이슈와 서구 노조들의 대응전략을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Byoung-Hoon
    • 한국사회정책
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.429-446
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    • 2018
  • The $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution, symbolizing the explosive innovation of digital technologies, is expected to have a great impact on labor relations and produce a lot of contested issues. The labor-management issues, created by the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution, are as follows: (1) employment restructuring, job re-allocation, and skill-reformation, driven by the technological displacement, resetting of worker-machine relationship, and negotiation on labor intensity and autonomy, (2) the legislation of institutional protection for the digital dependent self-employed, derived from the proliferation of platform-mediated labor, and the statutory recognition of their 'workerness', (3) unemployment safety net, income guarantee, and skill formation assistance for precarious workeforce, (4) the protection of worker privacy from workplace surveillance, (5) protecting labor rights of the digital dependent self-employed and prcarious workers and guaranteeing their unionization and collective bargaining. In comparing how labor unions in Western countries have responded to the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution, German unions have showed a strategic approach of policy formation toward digital technological innovations by effectively building and utilizing diverse channel of social dialogue and collective bargaining, while those in the US and UK have adopted the traditional approach of organizing and protesting in attempting to protect the interest of platform-mediated workers (i.e. Uber drivers). In light of the best practice demonstrated by German unions, it is necessary to build the process of productive policy consultation among three parties- the government, employers, and labor unions - at multi levels (i.e. workplace, sectoral and national levels), in order to prevent the destructive damage as well as labor-management confrotation, caused by digital technological innovations. In such policy consultation procesess, moreover, the inclusive and integrated approach is required to tackle with diverse problems, derived from the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution, in a holistic manner.

A study on the literatherapy effects of Sijo - Focused on the 16th-17th century Gangho Sijo - (시조의 문학 치료적 기능에 관한 고찰 -16.17세기 강호시조를 대상으로-)

  • Kim, Sang-Jean
    • Sijohaknonchong
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    • v.26
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    • pp.25-54
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    • 2007
  • This paper examines the literatherapy effects of Korea's oldest form of literature, Sijo, and its role in the future of literatherapy. Since literature is the expression of human emotions, and therapy is related to medicine, the two seem to have little in common, but they share the function of resolving conflicts. The effectiveness of literatherapy has only recently become a matter of discussion. However, literatherapy is greatly involved with the utility value of literature, and should be taken seriously. This research focused on the literatherapy function of the 16th-17th century Gangho-Sijo. Gangho-Sijo was created by literary men from the Sarim-school, who were removed from their posts in the government due to a massacre(Sawha) and rianly(Dangjaing), and spent most of their time away from politics. Their Sijo were mostly about life in retreat, and their mental state at that time. In relation to literatherapy, the mentality and attitudes of these scholars can be divided into three stages. The first is anxiety and depression, the second tranquility and harmony. and the third serenity. At the final stage, the scholars are liberated from worldly desires. Each of these phases hold the effect of literatherapy. The first stage can relate to 'theory of purgation', ISO-Prinsip, which is based on 'like cures like' which means to treat something with its own kind Fight fire with fire. The second step involves 'theory of purification', and by balancing his emotions, the scholar can achieve mental stability. In the final stage, literatherapy is acquired when the scholar expresses his emotions in a clarification(theory of clarification). At this phase, literatherapy finally has an effect, while the phase itself functions as literatherapy as well. The study of literatherapy is still at its early stages, thus has many limitations. However, literatherapy has bright prospects, and it is my hope that this report will be used as a reference for its further research.

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Building up User-Oriented Road Planning and Design Schemes (국민참여형 도로계획의 수립방향)

  • Kim, Eung-Cheol;Kwon, Young-In;Yun, Seong-Soon;Kang, Jin-Goo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.23 no.5 s.83
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2005
  • Roads deeply affect the life of people and keep doing an important role to support economic growth of a country. According to the budget plan of the ministry of construction and transportation of Korea, 8.1 trillion won have been allotted for road investment in the year of 2002 which occupy 61% of the transportation infrastructure special account (13.3 trillion won) and 4.7% of the total national budget (1,740 trillion won). It is true that services generated from road investment such as mobility enhancement and increased accessibility have shown positive effects through shortened travel time and decreased vehicle operating cost. However, it is also notable that many negative effects are gradually being discussed and those are nowadays getting severer due to enhanced people interests about road construction, increased concerns on environment and active public involvement that were evoked by traffic accidents, air pollution & noise and destruction of environment. Road construction processes in Korea are normally governed by administrative sectors (suppliers) not by users. These processes ate very weak to accomodate user s needs and community concerns thus easy to fail finalizing a road project without hassles. A public hearing process is supposed to be held in the processes of detailed design step and the environmental impact analysis. However, it is not enough to grab user's needs and community concerns. Increased public involvement frequencies, optimized public involvement timing and enhanced depth of public involvement magnitude are suggested to improve the current poor public involvement schemes in road planning and design processes. The application of these recommended methods to the road planning and design processes may guarantee the change from the current supplier-oriented schemes to the new user-oriented one. Also, this study suggests to reset objectivity and clarity of road construction process, to make conciliation guidelines based on many practical cases that produced good results, to introduce public involvement techniques in a stepwise basis, and to foster the professionals via education and training programs.

Public Interest and Ownership Regulations in the Media Industry in the Era of Convergence Focused on Domestic Daily Newspapers' Ownership of Broadcasting Station (융합시대 미디어산업의 공익성과 소유규제 국내 종합일간지와 방송의 교차소유 문제를 중심으로)

  • Jun, Young-Beom
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.46
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    • pp.511-555
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    • 2009
  • Media-related regulations can be classified into two categories; regulations of individual media contents and regulations regarding the entry to and withdrawal from a certain field. In this dissertation, ownership regulations are regarded as legal and political measures so as to prevent the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion, and to secure its diversity. Every country has its own regulation model according to its particular media environment. Korea too is obliged to actively respond to its environmental changes, at the same time vitalizing the media industry and protecting consumers' rights and interests. Strong political intentions to protect the public interest is necessary when it comes to media regulation policies, especially in the circumstances that public interest is an industrial priority. As the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications is leading to a major shift in the media industry, the regulation of cross-media ownership is an issue involving potential conflicts among media-owners, non-governmental organizations and the authorities concerned, depending on their various viewpoints regarding the media industry. In this paper, an attempt was made to search necessity of redefining 'public interest', which is the logic behind the restriction of cross-media ownership, and to reconceptualize issues on the centralization and diversity of media. First, an examination of the actual conditions of newspaper companies was carried out in order to reinvestigate domestic cross-media ownership issues, which is represented by the cross-ownership issue of newspapers and broadcasting stations. Next, the dilemma of policies stimulated by the fusion of media was discussed based on cross-media ownership restrictions, and the need for efficient conflict control was suggested. Finally, proposals on the independency and public confidence of media-related policy-making authorities, the rationalization of regulation models, an itemized discussion on cross-media ownership regulation issues, the elaboration of measures for a balanced development among media were made. It could be found that a number of foreign countries were still facing challenges to prevent monopoly and oligopoly of the public opinion and the industry. A solution to settle disagreements about the dilemma of the media industry, including the cross-media ownership regulation issues, must be arranged on the grounds of 'mutual respect of public interest and industrial interest', In Korea, an ease on the ownership regulations adapting to the change in the media industry may be considered, however the softening of the cross-media ownership regulations must be approached with the utmost care. Paradoxically Relieving cross-media ownership regulations may be considered the foundation of a richer field of journalism, where there is no need for concern over the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion.

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Laying the Siting of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Public Opinion (고준위 방폐장 입지 선정의 공론화 기초 연구)

  • Lee, Soo-Jang
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.105-134
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    • 2008
  • Local opposition and protest constitute single greatest hurdle to the siting of locally unwanted land uses(LULUs), especially siting of high-level radioactive disposal not only throughout Korea but also throughout the industrialized world. It can be attributed mainly to the NIMBYism, equity problem, and lack of participation. These problems are arisen from rational planning process which emphasizes instrumental rationality. But planning is a value-laden political activity, in which substantive rationality is central. To achieve this goals, we need a sound planning process for siting LULUs, which should improve the ability of citizens to influence the decisions that affects them. By a sound planning process, we mean one that is open to citizen input and contains accurate and complete information. In other word, the public is also part of the goal setting process and, as the information and analyses developed by the planners are evaluated by the public, strategies for solutions can be developed through consensus-building. This method is called as a co-operative siting process, and must be structured in order to arrive at publicly acceptable decisions. The followings are decided by consensus-building method. 1. Negotiation will be held? 2. What is the benefits and risks of negotiation? 3. What are solutions when collisions between national interests and local ones come into? 4. What are the agendas? 5. What is the community' role in site selection? 6. Are there incentives to negotiation. 7. Who are the parties to the negotiation? 8. Who will represent the community? 9. What groundwork of negotiation is set up? 10. How do we assure that the community access to information and expert? 11. What happens if negotiation is failed? 12. Is it necessary to trust each other in negotiations? 13. Is a mediator needed in negotiations?

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A qualitative study on the process of maintaining the 'eating alone'(honbob) lifestyle (직장인의 '혼밥' 유지 과정에 대한 질적 연구)

  • Hye Jin Kwon;Younga Ju
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.657-689
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory on 'eating alone'(honbob)and the process of maintaining the lifestyle of eating alone for the need of a non-judgmental understanding on the new 'honbob' lifestyle. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 male and female workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, who voluntarily eat alone over 70% of their meals per week with the minimum duration of 5 years. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory proposed by Strauss & Corbin (1998) in the qualitative research method. As a result, a paradigm model on the process of maintaining 'honbob' was derived. Based on categorical analysis, the causal condition was 'not trying to tune' and the central phenomenon was 'following the desire to set efficiency as the top priority. Contextual conditions were 'the atmosphere of fierce competition', 'weakening of organizational culture', 'diffusion of individualistic culture'. The intervening conditions were 'personal trait and emotional experience', 'job characteristics of less organization culture'. The action/interaction strategies were 'accepting internal conflicts', 'acting in autonomy', 'finding relationship through media', and 'distancing from superficial relationship'. The consequences were 'enjoying time for self-exploration', 'valuing self-care', 'becoming a epicurean conventionalist', and 'becoming aware of the need for balance'. The core category has been shown as 'self-oriented in accordance to priority of efficiency and being able to appreciate the importance of social group'. The Such phenomenon passes through four different stages - first, the stage of weighing time efficiency while beginning hon-bob; second, the stage of conflict when one feels nervous and not free from others' view; third, the stage of adjustment to justify his/her 'hon-bob'; and the final stage of balance to perceive the importance of social group while going on 'honbob'. The study had the aim of increasing the understanding and acceptance of the new 'honbob' lifestyle through an in-depth exploration of office worker's 'honbob' experience and the process of maintaining 'honbob' so the society can better accept it and, further, to embrace co-existence of various cultures.

Water Governance and Basic Water Law (물거버넌스와 물관리기본법)

  • Lee, Seung-Ho;Kim, Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.385-389
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구의 목적은 물거버넌스 개념과 1997년, 2006년 물관리기본법안 분석을 통해 한국의 새로운 물관리 체제를 모색하는 것이다. 물거버넌스는 물관리정책과 계획의 수립, 시행, 평가에 있어 정부뿐만 아니라 일반 기업, 시민, 환경단체, 전문가 등 여러 이해당사자를 참여시키는 것을 핵심으로 한다. 거버넌스란 기존의 정부 주도의 정책 계획, 수립, 시행이 아닌 비정부 조직과의 타협, 협의, 논의를 통한 양방향 정책결정 과정을 뜻한다. 따라서 물거버넌스의 가장 중요한 원칙은 다양한 이해당사자 참여를 통한 정책결정의 복수화 과정이다. 한국의 물거버넌스를 시행하기 위해 가장 필요한 요건은 이해당사자 참여를 우선 중앙, 지방정부에서 그 필요성을 인식하고 법, 제도 등을 통해 제도화하는 것이다. 환경부 주도로 입안된 1997년 물관리기본법안은 물관리일원화, 적정사용, 유역관리, 비용부담, 균형배분의 5원칙을, 2006년 물관리기본법안은 물관리일원화 대신 통합물관리, 적정사용 대신 수요관리를 삽입하여 5원칙을 제시하였지만 이해당사자 참여는 원칙에 포함시키지 않았다. 이해당사자 참여 원칙의 제도화가 없이는 위의 두 법안이 제시한 원칙의 적용과 시행이 어려움에 봉착할 가능성이 높다. 왜냐하면 다른 원칙은 다양한 이해당사자 참여를 통한 사회적 합의 없이는 시행이 쉽지 않은 정치적으로 민감한 사항들이기 때문이다. 예를 들어 물의 균형배분 원칙 관련, 만약 상류와 하류 주민 간의 합의가 없이 어느 한 이해당사자의 일방적 행위가 있을 경우 큰 갈등을 유발할 수 있다. 물거버넌스을 실행하기 위해 중앙에 필요한 조직은 물이용 관련 물분쟁 발생 시 이를 조정하고 국가물관리계획을 수립하며 물관리 문제 전반을 총괄하는 조직이다. 1997년, 2006년 기본법안은 국가물관리위원회 설치를 제시하였고 2006년 기본법안에서 보다 구체적으로 위상, 운영, 역할 등에 대해 언급하였다. 하지만 국가물관리위원회는 물관련 중앙부처의 장, 지방행정조직의 장만을 포함하여 유역관리를 책임질 유역관리조직의 장에 대한 언급이 없다. 물거버넌스 실현을 위한 유역관리 시행이 바람직하기에 유역관리조직의 장도 국가물관리위원회에 참여하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 두 기본법안 모두 국무총리실 산하에 위원회를 속하게 하였는데 이를 수정하여 대통령 직속기구로 규정하는 것이 국가물관리위원회가 정치, 행정, 재정적 압력에서 벗어나 일관성 있는 정책을 펼 수 있는 지름길이 될 것이다. 또한 지방의 물문제를 물관리계획에 적절히 반영하고 대응방안을 수립, 시행하기 위해서는 정부 관료뿐만 아니라 지방의회 의원, 환경단체, 기업, 시민, 전문가 등의 다양한 이해당사자가 참여하는 유역위원회가 필수적이다. 또한 유역 관련 물관리계획을 수립하고 사업을 추진하는 유역관리청도 필요하다. 유역위원회와 유역관리청은 유역 내 여러 이해당사자들이 물관리에 대해 다양한 의견을 개진하고 토론하며 합의점에 이르는 거버넌스를 수립할 수 있는 중요한 조직이다. 두 기본법안은 유역관리 원칙을 제시하긴 하였지만 유역관리 시행 관련 조직, 역할, 운영 등에 대해서는 언급이 없었다. 한국의 물관리는 소득, 문화 수준 향상으로 인한 양질의 물공급에 대한 요구, 시민사회의 발전, 지방분권화 등 정치, 경제, 사회의 변화를 수용하고 발전해 나가기 위해서는 여러 이해당사자의 참여와 합의에 바탕을 둔 물거버넌스 수립이 무엇보다 중요하다. 또한 이를 시행하기 위해서는 물관리기본법을 하루 속히 제정하여 제도적 기반을 갖춰 보다 효율적인 물관리시스템을 수립해야 한다.

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