• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine by how much variables influence the implementation of manners. In addition, subjective and objective variables and the relationship between the implementation of manners and the satisfaction felt in family life as a general has been examined. In total, 338 middle-aged married women were studied to serve as a data sources. The major findings of this study are indicated as follows: 1. It was discovered that there was a high level of manner implementation among the middle-aged married women studied. The variables that affected this level were as follows: educational experience in manner-uplifting courses, self-esteem, and humanism preference orientation. 2. On the level of satisfaction with family life as a general, the study showed reasonable standards. The following variables affected this level: the average monthly income of family, whether or not the women are employed, religious obligations, self-esteem, humanism preference orientation, manners within the family life itself, manners in ancestral services, and manners in communications. It was clear however that the implementation of manners in general played an important role in the amelioration of the level of satisfaction felt with family life.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-196
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• 1996

This study examined the time allocation pattern of farm wives. In particular it addressed i)the differences in extent of time spent in farming housework child care and leisure between on-farm and off-farm seasons ii)differences in the extent of time spent in such activities among farm wives and urban wives and iii) the determinants of time spent in such activities. To achieve these goals a system of time allocation equations based on household production theory was employed. On hundred and eight farm wives wiere selected in 1993 by the methods of judgement sampling and cluster sampling. Two major questions in the survey elicited sociodemographic information and time-use of farm wives using the time-diary method, The results indicate that farm wives different decisions about how to allocate their time to farming housework child care leisure during on-farm and off-farm seasons. In addition it was that farm wives are more likely to have dual responsibilities than are urban wives. Finally in the off-farm season education number of younger children and region were significant variables in explaining the time allocation decisions of farm wives. However only age was a significant factor in their time allocation decisions during the on-farm season. This leads one to conclude that time allocation is not a choice for farm wives in the on-farm season.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 1981

The aim of this study is to analyze the attitude of family economic management in urban and rural household and how it effect to each household. It was investigated the attitude of housewife for the family economy planning purchase, consumption and utilization of the resources by questionnaire. For the analysis, usable respones(410 from urban and 264 from rural housewife) were verified. The result of investigation if as follows ; 1. the housewives in urban and rural have attitude of purposal purchase in general. the information for the new products and prices are usually got6 by mass media. the urban wives keep records more than rural housewives. 2. They have reasonable behavior in purchase but when they select the goods, urban housewives prefer to the goods made by well-known company and rural housewives consider the prices. Otherwise the rural housewives take more the cooperative buying than urban housewives. 3. In urban they save some money regularly but in rural they can rarely save. the housewife manages all money for living expenses in urban, but in rural they do not so. 4. Human resources and nonhuman resorces are utilized in rural house better than the urban but especially household equipments are not used completely in both case.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.223-239
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to classify the home management behaviors of urban housewives and to find out variables which influence them. Following are the results. 1. The home management behavior of urban housewives are classified into six types. Thouse expense and convenience oriented type, using the information and family centered type, tradition and steady oriented type, improving life type, conservative and thrifty type and the self-faithfulness and change adaption type. 2. Follows are the variables which have influenced on home management behaviors of urban housewives. \circled1 The level of education of housewives, perceived level of economical resources, income and evaluation level of life have influenced on expense and convenience oriented type. \circled2 The duration of marriage, the level of education of husband, the satisfaction of housework and communication interaction have influenced on using the information and family centered type. \circled3 The satisfaction of housework, the perceived level of economical resources, the level of education of husband and the age of housewives have influenced on the tradition and steady oriented type. \circled4 The perceived level of family resources and the communication interaction have influenced on the improving life type. \circled5 The communication interaction and the income have influenced on conservative and thrifty type. \circled6 The perceived level of economical resources, the satisfication of housework, the communication interaction, the level of education of housewives, the age of housewives and the number of children have influenced on the self-faithfulness and change-adaption type.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 1999

This study has a purpose to provide with the basis reference to decrease the housewives' stress and to improve the quality of family life by investigating the difference in the level of the stress resulted from home management according to background variables family cohesion and adaptability and by finding out relative importance of the variables which affect the stress of housewives resulted from home management. For all above the 550 self-reported questionnaires were distributed to housewives who have at least one child with their spouse in seoul. Finally 433 data were used for the final analysis. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: First Family cohesion and adaptability show a significant difference by the housewives' education level the number of children communication satisfaction. Second housewives' stress is different significantly in accordance with the state of employment and communication satisfaction. Third it showed the lower the family coh sion and adaptability are the higher the housewives' stress is. And more influential variable of the two on home management stress is family cohesion. Fourth The background variables that influence in home management stress were education level perceived life level and age. Last As a result of looking into relative influence of the variables on the housewives' stress both psychological variable(perceived life level) and family cohesion were important variables in explaining housewives' home management stress.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

The major questions of this study are whether and how the consciousness of value to housework and the performance of housework are related to the family life satisfaction in young housewives. The major findings are as follows : 1. The significant variables influencing the housewives' ability to perform housework are the age of the youngest child and degree of their consciouness of value to housework. 2. The degree of young housewives' preference for housework may be influenced by the monthly income of their household, the area in which each of them lives, and the degree of their consciousness of value to housework. 3. The amount of the time that young housework perform housework can influenced by the age of their youngest child, the area in which each them lives, whether they are employed, and the degree of their consciousness of value to housework. Whether a young housewife is employed or not is epecially the most influential variable even among those significant variables stated above.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2009

중학교 식생활 단원 교육은 신체적 성장이 왕성한 청소년기에 접어진 학생들이 올바른 식생활을 하여 건강 유지 및 정상적인 성장발달을 하는데에 꼭 필요한 내용이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 학생들이 식생활단원 교육을 통해 교육내용의 활용정도나 전반적인 식생활 태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 대전지역에 소재하는 4개 중학교 3학년 학생을 대상으로 2008년 12월 5일~16일까지 설문지조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상자의 성별은 여학생이 48.9%, 남학생이 51.1%이고 학생들의 부모의 연령은 40-49세가 각각 81.4%, 86.7%를 차지하고 부모의 직업에서 아버지는 사무직(34.4%)이 가장 많고 어머니는 가정주부가 44.5%로 가장 많았다. 부모의 학력은 대부분 고졸이상이며 가족형태는 핵가족이 90.5%이고 부모의 한 달 총수입은 500만 원 이상이 32.6%로 가장 많았다. 식생활단원 교육 후에 식생활에 대한 관심정도는 '관심이 생긴 편이다'(36.4%), '그저 그렇다'(33.8%)가 많았고 남 여 학생의 경향이 비슷하였다. 교육 후 가장 변화된 점은 '간단한 조리를 할 수 있게 되었다' 가 38.6%로 가장 높은 반면 '아무 변화가 없다'도 34.4%나 되었다. 식생활 태도에서는 5점 likert 점수에서 '식사시간이 규칙적이다'(3.36), '골고루 섭취한다'(3.39), '식사준비를 돕는다'(3.07)에서 보통 이상의 점수로 양호한데, 한편 '내가 먹은 음식의 영양분과 열량에 관해 알고 있다'가 2.57로 잘 모르는 편이고 '다이어트 보조음식이나 약을 먹는다'가 1.48로 그렇지 않은 편이었다. 식생활단원의 활용도에서는 5점 likert 점수에서 '성분과 유통기한을 확인한다'(3.93), '간단한 음식을 직접 만들 수 있다'(3.80)가 높은 점수이었고, 남학생이 여학생보다 '성분과 유통기한 확인한다'(P<.01), '조리기구는 안전하고 위생적으로 사용할 수 있다'(P<.05)에서 유의적으로 높았다. 이 활용도에 대한 학생들의 가정환경과의 상관성에서는 부모의 학력이 고졸 이상에서 중졸이하보다 유의적으로 높았고(P<.001), 부모의 직업의 경우, 아버지가 무직인 경우, 어머니가 가정주부인 경우에 직업을 가진 부모의 학생들에 비하여 유의적으로 활용도가 낮았다(P<.01). 부모의 한 달 총수입과의 상관성에서는 400~500만원 미만의 경우에 다른수준보다 유의적으로 활용도가 높았다(P<.05). 따라서 식생활단원 교육에 의해 변화가 없는 학생들도 상당히 많아 교육방법의 개선이 필요하며 그 활용도가 가정환경과 상관성이 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2008

This study attempted to explore what is the image that preliminary teachers seek in Home Economics. The purpose of this study was to find the images that make people thought based on the Q methodology. Q methodology is a way to understand a person's structure of subjectivity. This study applied Q methodology to clarifying preliminary teachers' subjective evaluation of the image of Home Economics. 33 Q questions were prepared through literature review, and were offered to 60 preliminary teachers. The subjects were divided into the five types seeking different image with Home Economics: adjustment for society, neglection by prejudice, education for basic element of life, focused on home life, personal mature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2002

This study was carried out to survey the degree of the recognition and necessity of wedding food to include $Ph{\grave{a}}ebak$ and Ibaji foods prepared by bride's parents and sent to the bridgroom's. The participants of the survey were 293 housewives of 20 years old or more residing in Seoul area. The questionnaires used in this research consisted of 10 questions. The findings could be summarized as follows: 1. As to the degree of the recognition of $Ph{\grave{a}}ebak$ food, 55.2 percent of the participants perceive it as 'the food sent to the bridegroomvs house to be used when the newly-weds greet groom's relatives, whereas 35.8 percent regarded the practice as 'a traditional custom from the ancient times,' which is, in fact, correct and exact. As to its importance, 10.2 percent regarded $Ph{\grave{a}}ebak$ food very important, while 48.5 percent, 'important,' and 11.9 percent, 'not important.' 2. As for the items for $Ph{\grave{a}}ebak$ dishes, 77.5 percent answered their preferences for 'jujube prop-nut,' followed by 'ricecake,' 'liquor' and 'Korean cookies,' in descending order. 3. As for the meaning of Ibaji dishes, 48.2% understand them as 'a set of dishes prepared by the bride's parents to be sent to the bridegroom's'; and as for their willingness or necessity of sending the Ibaji dishes, 15.5 percent indicated that they might prepare them, whereas 78.7 percent said that they would prepare them if the situation required. On the other hand 5.8 percent did not feel the necessity. The overall result is that most females surveyed recognized the two types of food important and were inclined to prepare them when the occasion demanded.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

During the period of 1933-1994, house dusts were collected from 65 homes at 10 different localities by operating electric vacuum cleaners. House dust mites were isolated from 10 g dust by applying the modified wet sieving method. Total 7,257 mites were collected and 23 species were identified. Among them, Demctophqgoines loyinaf (DF) was predominant (65. Soy) of the total) , followed by D. pteronvssinus (DP) (20.6%) and Tyrophagus nutrescentios (TP) (6.5%) . Rhizoglvphur robini, Sancqsscnin phvIlophogiann, Cheyletus trcussarti and Scheloribates latipes were the first findings from Korea. DF was predominant in Seoul (66.8%), Kwangju (63.6%), inland of Pusan (79.6%1, Inchon (96.5%), Taejon (83.9%), Chouju (87.15) and Chongiu (95.2%), whereas DP was predominant in Yongkwang-ub (72.5%) and Yongdo (island) of Pusan (64.9%), and TP in Chunchon (38.2%) The localities where DP and TP were predominant showed higher relative humidity in air (> 73% RH) . Among 62 study homes, DF, DP and TP were found in 24.6% of the homes, co-habitat of two species in 48.1% and one species in 27.3%. DF was predominant in 63.5% of the homes studied, DP in 29.6% and TP in 6.9%. In 10 g of the house dust, less than 99 mites were found in 49 homes (70.0%), 100-499 mites in 11 homes (15.7%), 500-999 mites in 3 homes (4.3%) and more than 1,000 mites in 2 homes (2.9%). No mite was found in 5 homes (7.1%). In order to evaluate environmental factors affecting the population density of house dust mites, house type, age of house construction, size of the house, number of the family and frequency of the cleaning were compared with the number of mites, and none of the above factors were statistically correlated with the mite density.