• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 수술 후 회복실에 입실한 환자에게 가온요법 간호중재 프로그램이 미치는 효과를 파악하여 간호중재방안 개발 및 기초자료를 제시하고자 시도된 비 동등성 대조군 유사 실험연구이다. 연구방법: 연구의 대상자는 가온요법 프로그램을 적용한 실험군 31명, 대조군 31명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 가온요법은 가온기를 통해 회복실에서 38~43℃ 범위 내 가온하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성은 실수와 백분율로 파악하였고, 실험군과 대조군의 동질성 검정은 𝑥²-test와 In-dependent t-test로 파악하였다. 실험군과 대조군의 시간에 따른 체온, 통증, 전율의 차이는 repeated measure ANOVA로 파악하였다. 실험군과 대조군의 온도 편안감의 차이는 t-test로 파악하였다. 결과: 첫째, 수술 직후 반복 측정 결과 실험군과 대조군의 체온, 통증, 전율이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 온도 편안감은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 이와 같이 수술 후 가온요법 중재 시 환자에게 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

온열요법은 최근 10년간 암치료요법의 한 방법으로 큰 관심을 끌어왔다. 그러나, 아직까지 폐종양에 대해서는 온열요법이 잘 시행되지 않고 있는 바, 이는 폐가 물리학적으로 공기를 함유한 비교적 가온하기 어려운 함기성기관이어서 이의 효과적인 가온에 대한 시도가 많지 않았기 때문으로 생각된다. 저자들은 고주파유전형 가온에 의한 폐의 가온효과를 평가하기 위하여 가온이 비교적 용이한 실성기관(solid organ)인 가토의 정상간과, 가토의 정상폐의 가온정도를 비교하고자 하였다. 실험 동물들을 폐 가온군과 간 가온군으로 각각 10마리씩 2개의 군으로 나누었으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 폐 가온군에서 15분간 가온한 폐의 평균 온도는 $41{\pm}1.7^{\circ}C$이었고, 식도의 평균 온도는 $42{\pm}1.7^{\circ}C$이었다. 2) 간 가온군에서 15분간 가온한 간의 평균 온도는 $42.1{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$이었고, 이때 피부의 평균 온도는 $39.5{\pm}1.4^{\circ}C$이었다. 3)$42^{\circ}C$까지의 가온에 소요된 시간은 폐 가온군 에서는 $9.3{\pm}1.8$분 이었고, 간 가온군 에서는 $5.7{\pm}0.7$분 이었다. 4)$42^{\circ}C$까지의 분당 열 증가율은 폐 가온군 에서는 $0.46{\pm}0.17^{\circ}C$/분 이었고, 간 가온군 에서는 $0.56{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$/분 이었다. 5) 가온 온도가 $42^{circ}C$-$43^{\circ}C$ 도달시까지, 폐 가온군 에서의 RF총 평균 출력은 각각 $48{\pm}20W$ 및 $39{\pm}19W$이었으며, 폐 가온군이 간 가온군 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 6) 가온에의한 식도내 온도가 폐의 온도보다 $1.1{\pm}0.9^{\circ}C$높았다(p<0.05). 이상과같은 결과는 기낭성기관인 폐도 RF의 보다 높은 출력 이 소요되기는 하나 온열요법을 시행하였을 때 충실성기관인 간과 마찬가지로 종양치료에 유효한 $42^{\circ}C$-$43^{\circ}C$까지 잘 가온될 수 있음을 입증 하였다. 또한 폐의 온열요법시 종격동은 보다 높은 온도에 도달함으로 종격동의 열손상에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2017

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system or a cotton blanket in postoperative patients after general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Methods : This quasi-experimental study utilized two experimental groups and one control group: a cotton-blanket group (n = 25) were warmed with a cotton blanket and a sheet; a forced-air warming group (n = 24) were warmed with a Warm Touch warming system, a cotton blanket, and a sheet; and a control group (n = 25) were warmed with a sheet. Measurement variables were postoperative pain, body temperature, and thermal discomfort. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, ${\chi}^2-tests$, Fisher's exact test, and a repeated measures ANOVA. Results : The effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system and a cotton blanket on postoperative patients was significant in reducing pain (F = 13.91, p < .001) and increasing body temperature (F = 12.49, p < .001). Conclusion : Active warming made a significant difference in pain and body temperature changes. Active warming methods may help patients' postoperative recovery and prevent complications. Further research is needed to explore the effects and side effects of active warming on recovering normothermia.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in blood velocity(mm/sec) when compression and/or heat were applied to the knee joint for the elderly who has both normal and painful legs with osteoarthritis(OA). Experimental compression knee band was prepared from the 3D knee data of the average women in 60's. 3D replica of knee was reduced by 7, 10, and 13% from the nude pattern in course direction. Clothing pressure was measured at the front and back of each healthy and painful knee of elderly women for one minute while standing and sitting on the chair. Blood velocity was measured at 13 cm upper from the mid-patella for 15 minutes. Results are as follows: first, compression or heating treatment itself did not change blood velocity of both legs; second, combination treatment with heating and compression was effective to increase blood velocity. In details, for healthy legs, combination treatments with compression by 10% reduced pattern(about 1.3kPa) and heating($43^{\circ}C$) induced the maximal blood velocity, however, for knees with OA, 7% reduced pattern(about 1.0kPa) with simultaneous heating($43^{\circ}C$) was more effective than other cases. These results indicated that pain and spasticity of knee joint with OA could be reduced by applying heat and compression therapy, where the compression level of painful knee should be slightly lower than of healthy leg.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of forced air warming on intraoperative and postoperative body temperature, postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. Fifty eight patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or control group (n=29). For the experimental group, forced air warming was applied from right after induction and up to one hour after surgery. Body temperature, shivering score and pain score were measured in both groups at 15 minute intervals. Data were collected from September, 2013 to April, 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, Bonferroni test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group during surgery. After surgery the experimental group showed higher body temperature, lower shivering and less pain compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results show that forced air warming is effective in enhancing body temperature and reducing shivering and pain. Therefore, forced air warming is recommended as an operative nursing intervention.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.260-270
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• 2010

Purpose: The main question is systematic review of the published in Korea and foreign countries on warming therapy for surgical patients. Methods: The researchers searched at Medline, CINAHL, KERIS, Adult Nursing Association, Korean Society of Nursing Science, Korean Academy of fundamentals of Nursing, and National Assembly Library web site for the published on warming therapy for surgical patients from 1980 to 2008. Words for search were operation/surgery, warming, operation/surgery and warming. Studies were included randomized controlled trial, and there were no restrictions regarding operative phase and outcome measures. Results: 36 published researches that met the criteria were mostly published in foreign countries between 2000 and 2008 and focused on surgery with general anesthesia. Sample size ranged from 21 to 60 subjects, age range between 21 and 60 years of age. Thirty different warming therapies were reported, fifty-two different dependent variables. Outcome indicators included active external warming, intra-operative, and body temperature. 'Positive effects' and 'no effects' equaled. The most frequently reported 'positive effects' were body temperature, shivering, and acid-base balance. No effects were more likely to be heart rate, blood pressure, and hemodynamics. Conclusion: Many types of warming therapy, are reported in the literature with little information about the efficacy of each, many different dependant variables were studied. There were no consistent reports as to length of time used for warming procedures. Overall, the effects of warming therapy are inconsistent. And additional research must be down before any particular method of warming can be used with confidence as to its effectiveness. Attention must be made as to the research design, better measurement of the dependent variables. This review may serve as a base.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare effects of intravenous fluid warming and forced-air warming on perioperative body temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse and thermal discomfort after gastrectomy under general anesthesia. Methods: Data collection was performed from October, 2009 to February, 2010. The intravenous fluid warming group (27) was warmed through an IV line by an Animec set to $37^{\circ}C$. The forced-air warming group (27) was warmed by Bair Hugger System. The warming continued from induction of general anesthesia to two hours after completion of surgery. The data was analyzed by t-test, $X^2$, repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: There was a significant difference of body temperature and thermal discomfort between the intravenous fluid warming group and the forced-air warming group. Conclusion: We need to explore the effects combination of the intravenous fluid warming and the forced-air warming, and other warming therapy and the efficiency of modalities with regards to cost benefit is also needed.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

Purpose: This study compared the effects of forced air warming and radiant heating on body temperature and shivering of patients with postoperative hypothermia. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted with two experimental groups who had surgery under general anesthesia; 20 patients of group 1 experimented with the Bair Hugger as a forced air warming and 20 patients of group 2 experimented with the Radiant heater. The study was performed from July 3 to August 31, 2006 in a recovery room of an university hospital in a city. The effects of the experiment were measured by postoperative body temperature and chilling score at arrival and after every 10 minutes. The data were analyzed by t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test, repeated measures ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The mean body temperature showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and Radiant Heater group at 40 minutes(F=-2.579, p=.034), 50minutes(F=-2.752, p=.027), and 60 minutes(F=-2.470, p=.047) after arrival to the recovery room. So, hypothesis 1 was partially accepted. The mean score of shivering showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and the Radiant Heater group, but it had no significant meaning. Hypothesis 2 was not accepted. Conclusion: We need more study to explore the effects and side effects of heating modalities to select a more effective heat treatment. The efficiency of heat modalities with regards to cost benefit, time consumption, and patients' discomfort such as burns should be considered.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1986

In the clincal application of Hyperthermia, tissue temperature measurements are made at only a few selecte4 locations because of patient tolerance and practical clinical limitation. Since it is necessary to know the complete carcinoma cell temperature field in order to treat effectively, The difficulty of making such estimates from only a few point compounded because of the lack of knowledge of the carcinomoma cell blood perfusion characteristics. To solve the temperature on carcinoma cell, A noninvasive method (the finite element method) is used. The simulation results show that the finite element method is promising for estimating the complete corcinoma cell temerature distribution, if some knowledge of the blood perfusion pattern is available.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1987

마우스의 공장에 국소 온열요법을 시행하여 온열요법 단독에 의한 공장 소낭선의 수를 측정하고 마우스에 전신 방사선조사 후 마우스 공장에 국소 온열요법을 시행하여 소낭선의 수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 온열요법 단독 시행시에 관찰된 마우스 공장의 생존 소낭선의 수는 $41^{\circ}C$에서 $142\pm4(Mean{\pm}SD)$개, $42^{\circ}C$에서 $140\pm3$개로 정상 대조군의 $144\pm4$개에 비해 큰 차이는 없었으나 $43^{\circ}C$에서는 $130\pm3$개로 뚜렷한 감소를 보여 온열요법 단독시행시 $43^{\circ}C$군에서 가온에 의한 세포유해효과가 나타났다. 2. $43^{\circ}C$의 온열요법을 시행한 군에서 생존 소낭선의 비대칭적으로 분포하였으며 장간막에 근접할수록 생존 소낭선의 수가 많아 혈류에 의한 열방출효과는 장간막에 근접할수록 더 현저함을 알 수 있었다. 3. 방사선조사 후 온열요법을 시행하였을 때 생존 소낭선의 근간세포의 생존곡선은 방사선조사만을 시행한 대조군에 비해 경사도의 변화는 거의 없이 좌측으로 이동하여 생존곡선의 견부가 감소됨을 알 수 있었고 이동정도는 온도가 증가할수록 심하였다. TER은 $41^{\circ}C$때 1.02, $42^{\circ}C$때 1.10, 그리고 $43^{\circ}C$때 1.39이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 온열요법과 방사선조사의 병용방법은 가온온도가 $43^{\circ}C$ 이상이어야 열증 강효과가 뚜렷함을 보여주고 있으나 임상에서 온열요법과 방사선 조사의 병용시 두 가지 방법의 시행순서, 시간간격, 가온시간 등은 앞으로 연구해야 할 과제이다.켈로이드에 재발되었던 유방암환자 1예에서 자연치유되는 2도 화상을 경험하였다.도를 밝히는 것은 어려웠다./TEX>이고, $I_b$병기에서 $84.6\%$, $II_a$병기는 $77.8\%$, $II_b$병기는 $56.7\%$, III병기는 $60.6\%$, 그리고 IV 병기는 $33.3\%$이었다. A점의 방사선량이 8,000rad 이상일 때는 7/18$(38.9\%)$의 실패율이었고 이에 비해서 8,000rad이상일 때는 25/94$(26.5\%)$의 실패율이었다. 또 B점 선량으로 보면 6,000rad이하에서 20/63$(34.9\%)$의 실패율에 비하여 6,000rad이상일 때는 10/49$(20.4\%)$의 실패율이었다. 연령 벨로는 $40\~49$세에서 실패율(14/41 $24.1\%$)이 많았다. 본 성적으로 보아서 생존율은 여러 저자들과 큰 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었고 A점 선량은 8,000rad 이상, B점은 6,000rad이상이 조사되어야 적정선량이 됨을 시사해 주고 있다.\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였다. 평소 식사량은 조금 적게 혹은 적당하게 섭취하는 사람이 대부분이었으며 남자가 여자보다는 배부르게 먹는 경 향이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 식사는 혼자 하는 경우가 남자는 $20.4\%$인데 반하여 여자는 $52.7\%$였으며,