• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.861-867
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• 2007

This Research analyzes the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for residential water on severe drought condition. The 7 large cities and 32 chronicle drought regions have been selected for this research survey. Results show that the consumers of large cities, which are relatively rich, think water quality is more important than quantity, but the consumers of 32 chronicle drought regions expressed just opposite. Dichotomous choice and open-ended questionnaire are mixed for the survey and Tobit model is applied in the analysis. As we expected, the higher the education level, the number of household member, and the income, the higher the WTP. When there is 25% reduction of supply, the WTP is about $2 per month. Contrary to the expectation, WTP is just slightly increased for 50% of water supply reduction. This is because of the resistance of tax as well as the limited actual experiences of water shortage so, they underestimated it. In any cases, actual WTP for actual water shortage is much higher than this result. More effective water supply and distribution schedule must be ready as a national and local level to prepare severe drought in the near future. Consumers are willing to pay higher price than the current level for water security. Water distributional system should be reconsidered and alternative source of water also be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.705-712
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• 2013

Epidemiologic research has suggested that frequent eating out may be associated with poor dietary habits, including high-calorie and inadequate nutrient intakes. Limited studies, however, have evaluated dietary behaviors with patterns of eating out in South Korea. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between nutrient intakes, adherence to dietary guidelines, and frequencies of eating out among Korean adults. Data were analyzed from adult (30 to 64 years old) participants of the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=10,223). Nutrient intake levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. The dietary score (DS-ADGK) was calculated based on the adherence to dietary guidelines for Koreans. Subjects who frequently consumed meals outside the home tended to be younger, male, urban-dwelling, highly educated, and receiving a higher income. The frequency of eating out was positively associated with the higher intake of most nutrients, except carbohydrates and crude fiber. Regular breakfast habits seem to be associated with the frequency of meals outside the home for women; younger women who frequently eat out tended to have irregular breakfast eating habits, but this association is attenuated with increasing age. The mean DS-ADGK differed by sex, age, and the frequency of eating out; older participants scored higher than the younger ones, women had higher scores than men, and those who frequently eat out had lower scores than their counterparts. In addition, the adherence score for each component of the dietary guidelines was also significantly different by age and sex. The consideration of demographic characteristics related to frequent eating out and other barriers to healthful eating, as well as essential and practical interventions, are needed to promote positive dietary behavioral changes in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.377-382
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 출입국자 관리의 효율성과 체계적인 출입국 관리를 위하여 여권 코드를 자동으로 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 여권 이미지는 기울어진 상태로 스캔 되어 획득되어질 수도 있으므로 기울기 보정은 문자 분할 및 인식에 있어 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 여권 영상을 스미어링한 후, 추출된 문자열 중에서 가장 긴 문자열을 선택하고 이 문자열의 좌측과 우측 부분의 두께 중심을 연결하는 직선과 수평선과의 기울기를 이용하여 여권 영상에 대한 각도 보정을 수행한다. 여권 코드 추출은 소벨 연산자와 수평 스미어링, 8방향 윤관선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 여권 코드의 문자열 영역을 추출하고, 추출된 여권 코드 문자열 영역에 대해 반복 이진화 방법을 적용하여 코드의 문자열 영역을 이진화 한다, 이진화된 문자열 영역에 대해 여권 코드의 인식율을 높이기 위하여 잡영 가지 제거 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 문자의 잡영을 제거한 후에 개별 코드를 추출하며, CDM 마스크를 적용하여 추출된 개별코드를 복원한다. 추출된 개별코드는 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 제안하여 인식에 적용한다. 실제 여권 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, CDM 마스크를 이용하여 추출된 개별 코드를 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 적용하여 인식한 방법보다 잡영 제거 알고리즘과 CDM 마스크를 적용하여 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘으로 개별 코드를 인식하는 것이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 기존의 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 이용하여 개별 코드를 인식하는 경우보다 본 논문에서 제안한 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 이용하여 개별 코드를 인식하는 경우가 서로 다른 패턴들이 같은 클러스터로 분류되지 않아 인식 성능이 개선되었다.생산하고 있다. 또한 이러한 자료를 바탕으로 지역통계 수요에 즉각 대처할 수 있다. 더 나아가 이와 같은 통계는 전 국민에 대한 패널자료이기 때문에 통계적 활용의 범위가 방대하다. 특히 개인, 가구, 사업체 등 사회 활동의 주체들이 어떻게 변화하는지를 추적할 수 있는 자료를 생산함으로써 다양한 인과적 통계분석을 할 수 있다. 행정자료를 활용한 인구센서스의 이러한 특징은 국가의 교육정책, 노동정책, 복지정책 등 다양한 정책을 정확한 자료를 근거로 수립할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다(Gaasemyr, 1999). 이와 더불어 행정자료 기반의 인구센서스는 비용이 적게 드는 장점이 있다. 예를 들어 덴마크나 핀란드에서는 조사로 자료를 생산하던 때의 1/20 정도 비용으로 행정자료로 인구센서스의 모든 자료를 생산하고 있다. 특히, 최근 모든 행정자료들이 정보통신기술에 의해 데이터베이스 형태로 바뀌고, 인터넷을 근간으로 한 컴퓨터네트워크가 발달함에 따라 각 부처별로 행정을 위해 축적한 자료를 정보통신기술로 연계${cdot}$통합하면 막대한 조사비용을 들이지 않더라도 인구센서스자료를 적은 비용으로 생산할 수 있는 근간이 마련되었다. 이렇듯 행정자료 기반의 인구센서스가 많은 장점을 가졌지만, 그렇다고 모든 국가가 당장 행정자료로 인구센서스를 대체할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 행정자료로 인구센서스통계를 생산하기 위해서는 각 행정부서별로 사용하는 행정자료들을 연계${cdot}$통합할 수 있도록 국가사회전반에 걸쳐 행정 체제가 갖추어져야 하기 때문이다. 특히 모든 국민 개개인에 관한 기본정보, 개인들이 거주하며 생활하는 단위인 개별 주거단위에 관한 정보가 행정부에 등록되어

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.228-241
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• 1980

The red ginseng extract and its components were investigated for their activation effects on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM and Saccharomyces formosensis No. 396 IAM. Changes in the number of cells, alcohol production, $CO_2$ evolution, pH and the rate of sugar consumption and of fermentation were compared during growth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours. The addition of ethanol extract and saponins from red ginseng were found to exihibite a significant increase in all physiological activaties of yeast, and its maximum activites were obtained at 1.5% ethanol extract concentration. The physiological effects of panaxadiol and panaxatriol, two major groups of saponin, were also compared to those of crude saponin and found that the former showed a small increase in physiological changes. However the difference was not significant. The overall contents of ginsenosides of ethanol extract and crude saponin during fermentation were not significantly affected by the growth of roasts, except a small increase in ginsenoside $-Rg_2$ and decrease in -Rd.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.129-141
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• 2019

In recent years, fast growing cities in Korea are showing signs of being vulnerable to more disasters as their population and facilities increase and intensify. In particular, fire is one of the most common disasters in Korea's cities, along with traffic accidents. Therefore, in this study, we analyze what type of factors affect the fire that threatens urban people. Fire data were acquired for 10 years, from 2007 to 2017, in Jinju, Korea. Spatial distribution pattern of fire occurrence in Jinju was assessed through the spatial autocorrelation analysis. First, spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out to grasp the spatial distribution pattern of fire occurrence in Jinju city. In addition, correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to confirm spatial dependency and abnormality among factors. Based on this, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression analysis was performed using space weighting considering fire location and spatial location of each facility. As a result, First, LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Association) analysis of the occurrence of fire in Jinju shows that the most central commercial area are fire department, industrial area, and residential area. Second, the OLS regression model was analyzed by applying spatial weighting, focusing on the most derived factors of multiple regression analysis, by integrating population and social variables and physical variables. As a result, the second kind of neighborhood living facility showed the highest correlation with the fire occurrence, followed by the following in the order of single house, sales facility, first type of neighborhood living facility, and number of households. The results of this study are expected to be useful for analyzing the fire occurrence factors of each facility in urban areas and establishing fire safety measures.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

In modern society, lifestyle and individuality are important, and personalized lifestyle and patterns are emerging. The number of people with articulation diseases is increasing due to wrong living habits. In addition, as the number of households increases, there is a case where emergency care is not received at the appropriate time. We need information that can be managed by ourselves through accurate analysis according to the individual's condition for health and disease management, and care appropriate to the emergency situation. It is effectively used for classification and prediction of data using CNN in deep learning. CNN differs in accuracy and processing time according to the data features. Therefore, it is necessary to improve processing speed and accuracy for real-time healthcare. In this paper, we propose motion monitoring using Mask R-CNN for articulation disease management. The proposed method uses Mask R-CNN which is superior in accuracy and processing time than CNN. After the user's motion is learned in the neural network, if the user's motion is different from the learned data, the control method can be fed back to the user, the emergency situation can be informed to the guardian, and appropriate methods can be taken according to the situation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2020

This study examined how consumer choices (i.e., selecting food safety certified products, health-related products, and familiar brands) affect the purchase of Korean native chicken (KNC) and the demographics that influence KNC purchases using secondary consumer panel data from the Rural Development Administration of Korea. The grocery purchase data from 654 Korean households between 2017 and 2019 were used; the propensity for food safety certified products was measured by the purchasing frequency of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) products, and the propensity for health-related products was measured by the purchasing frequency of home meal replacement (HMR) and hedonic products. The propensity to purchase familiar brands was measured using a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of the KNC purchase experience, and multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors that influenced the KNC purchase frequency. The results showed that unemployed women purchased more safety certified products, health-related products, familiar brands, and KNC. These findings suggest that targeting consumers with differential marketing strategies may help promote KNC consumption. This study identified factors that influence KNC purchases, which is important for understanding consumer behavior and revitalizing the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2020

Recently, large and small fires have been happening more often in Korea. Fire is one of the most frequent disasters along with traffic accidents in korean cities, and this frequency is closely related to the land use and the type of facilities. Therefore, in this study, the significance of fires was analyzed by considering land use, facility types, human and social factors and using 10 years of fire data in Jinju city. Based on this, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression analysis, SLM (Spatial Lag Model) and SEM (Spatial Error Model) using space weights, were compared and analyzed considering the location of the fire and each factor, then a statistical model with high suitability was presented. As a result, LISA analysis of spatial distribution patterns of fires in Jinju city was conducted, and it was proved that the frequency of fires was high in the order as follow, central commercial area, industrial area and residential area. Multiple regression analysis was performed by integrating demographic, social, and physical variables. Therefore, the three models were compared and analyzed by applying spatial weighting to the derived factors. As a result of the significance test, the spatial error model was analyzed to be the most significant. The facilities that have the highest correlation with fire occurrence were second type neighborhood facilities, followed by detached house, first type neighborhood facilities, number of households, and sales facilities. The results of this study are expected to be used as significant data to identify factors and manage fire safety in urban areas. Also, through the analysis of the standard deviation ellipsoid, the distribution characteristics of each facility in the residential area, industrial area, and central commercial area among the use areas were analyzed. In, the second type neighborhood facility with the highest fire risk was concentrated in the center. The results of these studies are expected to be used as useful data for identifying factors and managing fire safety in urban areas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.352-367
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• 2002

In order to assess the quality of dietary intake among the elderly, a survey was conducted during Jucy-August, 1999, of 230 subjects who were 65 years or older and who were living in Jeonju City. Results of the analysis of the data are as follows : Regarding Dietery Variety Score (DVS), the average number of food items consumed per person was significantly higher for males (19.6) than for females (17.7). The intake of plant food was higher than animal food for both sexes the proportion of plant versus animal foods consumed by fresh weight was 85 : 15 for males and 89 : 11 for females. Diet Diversity Score (DDS) is determined by how many from five food groups (cereal, meat, dairy, vegetable and fruit) consumed per day while Korean Diet Diversity Score (KDDS) is determined by how many from five different food groups (cereal, meat, vegetable, dairy and oil) consumed per day. The subjects'average DDS and KDDS were 4.0 and 3.5 for males, and 3.7 and 3.2 for females, respectively. Overall, the distribution of DDS was lower than that of KDDS. The average Meal Balance Score (MBS : Apply the KDDS at breakfast, lunch and dinner) was 9.1 for malts and 8.1 for females. Average daily caloric intake for males and females was 1,740 kcal and 1,433 kcal, which was 84.0% and 80.9% of the RDA, respectively. Average daily protein intake for males and females, at 67 g and 49 g (100.7% and 88.3% of the RDA), respectively, was satisfactory. However, intakes of calcium and vitamin A were below 75% of the RDA (calcium : 62.7% for males and 55.3% for females ; vitamin A : 60.7% for males and 53.9% far females). The average proportional contribution of protein/fat/carbohydrate (PFC) to total calorie intake was 15.8 : 15.7 : 68.5 for males and 13.8 : 13.2 : 73.0 for females. Distribution of energy for each meal (breakfast : lunch : afternoon snack : dinner : night snack) was 29.2 : 32.4 : 5.0 : 31.2 : 2.2 among males and 30.5 : 33.5 : 4.5 : 28.6 : 2.91 among females. The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was above 1 for protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, and vitamin C. However, the INQ of calcium and vitamin A were below 1 among both males and females, and the INQ of vitamin B$_2$was below l among females. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR = nutrient intake %RDA) was below 1 for all nutrients, and the NAR of vitamin A were the lowest among 9 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C) for both males and females, with values of 0.52 and 0.42, respectively. The second and third lowest NAR values were for calcium(males: 0.68: females: 0.54) and vitamin B$_2$(males: 0.77: females: 0.67). Values of Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR = sum of 9 NARs/9) for males (0.82) were higher than for females (0.73). These results indicate that the intakes of calcium and vitamin A were severely inadequate. The results of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, where the DVS or MAR were the dependent variables and the DDS, KDDS, and MBS were independent variables, indicated that DDS is a more useful variable than KDDS in determining the quality of meals of the elderly.