• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.121-129
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• 2009

Inspection of an Electrical Meter is an action of measuring power usage to charge electricity rates and Electricity AMR(Automatic Meter Reading) is a system to automatize the action. AMR has been highlighted because it can reduce metering cost by substituting an automatic system for personnel and strengthen customer service. In this paper, we proposed and developed a smart card based AMR framework SCEMS as an alternative to other current AMR Models. This proposed SCEMS uses a java card based multi-application smart card and supports customer service such as various meter rates according to electricity consumption pattern data per household and transaction data that are accumulated in a smart card. This research can be a solution to the problems such as diversity, heterogeneity, and complexity that environmental changes will cause soon to the power supply industry.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.77-102
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• 2007

This paper compares income and consumption for their relative effectiveness in measuring inequality. Although income inequality has received more attention in the literature, the permanent income hypothesis links consumption to welfare more directly than income. To the extent economic agents smooth their consumptions, consumption inequality is a better indicator for an economy's welfare inequality, and it is especially so when income volatility is high. The empirical analysis in this paper indicates that the income and consumption patterns among the Korean wage/salary worker households are quite consistent with the permanent income hypothesis. Further, it is found that consumption inequality tends to be lower than income inequality, and more importantly, that the two inequalities do not always vary in the same direction. These results call for stronger emphasis on consumption inequality in inequality literature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

The number of subscribers of Broad & TV, Qook TV and My LG TV has been growing rapidly. It has been achieved at 1.7 million on August 2009. This study will focus on the viewing pattern of IP-VOD subscribers. For this research, we have interviewed 34 VOD users. According to the analyse, the VOD users prefer to watch free TV's programs, particularly variety programs, during 2 or 3 hours per view and 2 or 3 times a week. They use in general VOD service alone unlike the traditional TV viewers. Furthermore, There were single viewers who have used more than 8 hours continuously on weekend.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2021

In the past, the government made a total of 357 hydrophilic districts into parks to create rest areas in the national river with the four major river projects. According to the results of the survey, 60 water-friendly districts with low utilization were lifted in January 2017, and 297 water-friendly districts are currently being managed. Local governments are in charge of the maintenance costs necessary to maintain these hydrophilic districts, which require considerable costs, so it is necessary to accurately grasp the characteristics and needs of local residents at the operation stage after designation. In this study, the characteristics of local residents in the hydrophilic district were analyzed by correlating social factors with river users, crawling social network data to analyze visit patterns, and derived related Keywords, and analyzed the characteristics of the hydrophilic district. The study target areas are Samrak and Daejeo Ecological Park, located downstream of the Nakdonggang River. Social factors analyzed real estate transaction price data, economic activity income, households, stress perception rate, and pet breeding status through public data provided by Statistics Korea, and analyzed user visit patterns and image keywords on weekends.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.695-709
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• 2022

This study examined the mothers' stress level as it related to meal preparation and a change in food consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic. I asked mothers about the difficulties related to meal preparation, changes in food consumption, and their interest in food and health information using in-depth research methods. As a result, food delivery and online food consumption have markedly expanded as eating out has decreased. Mothers tried to serve fresh food at home because they perceived delivery food as unhealthy. They stick to it more vigorously with their younger children. As the result of analysis on determinants of food consumption, their interest in organic food is higher when mothers' ages are younger with higher income. However, mothers with a low level of education tend to be uninterested in it. Therefore, the ages of the children and mothers, household income, and education levels all had an effect on food consumption behaviors.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2024

To evaluate the efficiency of commuting patterns, various commuting indicators such as excess commute and commuting potential utilized have been developed and used. It is crucial to calculate these indicators reasonably to reveal the differences in commuting patterns among metropolitan areas and to consider these in the process of formulating commuting policies. However, commuting indicators are generally calculated at the administrative district level, and thus, they are not free from the problem of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This issue can undermine the rationality of comparing commuting efficiency between metropolitan areas, making it necessary to handle the calculation of commuting indicators carefully. Therefore, this study utilises Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate optimal, actual, and maximum commuting distances, and thereby presents the excess commute and the commuting potential utilized. To apply Monte Carlo Simulation to the context of South Korea, a constrained Monte Carlo Simulation is conducted, where residential and workplace locations used in the simulation are selected based on the actual locations of buildings. The analysis is conducted on 13 metropolitan areas with established metropolitan plans using the 2016 Household Travel Survey data. The commuting indicators calculated through the simulation showed minimal differences compared to the results obtained through conventional methods. The comparison of commuting efficiency among metropolitan areas revealed that even if the degree of spafial balance between residential and workplace locations is similar, the actual commuting patterns can differ significantly. It is suggested that further research considering characteristics such as the area of each metropolitan region will be necessary in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2015

Purpose: As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the current aging society, there is much concern regarding the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. Methods: In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 267 elderly women. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data were incomplete, information from 213 subjects was analyzed. The subjects were divided into three family types, living alone (LA, n = 74), living with spouse (LS, n = 78), and living with children (LC, n = 61). Results: The mean age of the LA group was the highest, while the mean age of the LS group was the lowest (p < 0.001), and WHR of the LC group was the highest (p = 0.049). Income was the highest in the LS group (p < 0.001). Frequency of eating out was the lowest in the LA group (p = 0.031). By Duncan's multiple analysis, the amounts of energy intake, vegetable protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, Vit D, Vit E, $Vit\;B_2$, niacin, $Vit\;B_6$, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the LS group compared with the LA or LC group (p < 0.05). The intakes of calcium, Vit D, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were still significantly different among the three groups, even after adjustment for age and monthly income. The LA group ate less fruit and fish than the LS or LC group (p < 0.05). The LA group showed the lowest dietary diversity and the LS group showed the highest diversity (p = 0.014), however, the significance of dietary diversity score among the three groups disappeared after adjustment for age and monthly income. Conclusion: Elderly women living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than elderly women living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary elderly women who do not live with their spouse or children should be offered greater opportunities to receive a balanced meal at a congregational kitchen or welfare center. To ensure their healthy diet, it is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1778-1784
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of red pepper paste (RPP) added with garlic during aging at $10^{\circ}C$ for 56 days. RPP was evaluated for pH, acidity, free sugar contents, Hunter's color values, flavor patterns, and sensory characteristics. The initial pH and acidity of the RPP with garlic were 5.07~5.18 and 0.33~0.35%, respectively. The pH of RPP increased as the amount of garlic added increased, whereas the acidity decreased. The pH and total acidity changed gradually until day 28, after which they changed rapidly. The initial fructose and glucose contents of the RPP with garlic decreased to 2.32~2.41% and 1.94~2.09%, respectively. The fructose and glucose contents further decreased gradually to 1.81~1.94% and 1.54~1.71%, respectively, during aging. The Hunter's L- and b-values of the RPP increased, whereas the a-value decreased as the amount of garlic added increased. The flavor patterns of the RPP with garlic noticeably differed from those of the control RPP during aging. Sensory evaluation indicated that garlic could enhance the overall flavor characteristics of RPP.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6D
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• pp.655-662
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze tthe pattern of compacted area and the distribution characteristics in one-person household. Through ArcGis, we collect the basic data and classify the compact area in accordance with the pattern employing Ward method out of cluster analysis. The main results are found as follows; First, the station sphere type is located around Seomyun and Nampo-dong, which are the main CBD( Central Business District) This type must be essentially considered in residential plan for one-person household location. Second, the district oriented type is located around the subway and it has relatively better residential facilities and environments. Third, it is found that the younger worker including students resided in one room and villa in the type around university. Forth, the foreign workers and domestic workers in small and medium factory resided in the factory centered type which is far from the station sphere. Lastly, it is dormitory type which is isolated from the CBD, and insteadly amenable and well natural environment area, but students and workers in this area where there are lacking life-related facilities and aside from accessibilities feel uncomfortable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2012

지구온난화 및 환경오염의 영향으로 선진국을 중심으로한 환경규제가 심해지면서, 홈 텍스타일 분야에서는 세계 패션 트렌드 및 소비자 선호에 부응한 친환경 섬유소재 개발, 웰빙 시대에 적합한 기능성 및 고감성 제품개발을 통한 차별화가 요구되고 있다. 최근의 섬유산업의 동향도 인체에 무해한 천연적인 섬유소재에 많은 관심이 증대됨에 따라 개인의 건강 뿐만 아니라 환경을 생각하는 생활패턴인 친환경섬유의 개발이 새로운 트렌드로 떠오르고 있는 실정이다. 헴프는 일년생 식물로서 학명은 Cannabis sativa L.이다. 헴프섬유의 장점으로 내구성 및 내수성, 항균성 등이 우수한 것으로 보고되고 있으나 양질의 원료 확보, 세섬도 추출 기술 및 combing 기술 등의 부족으로 100% 헴프 세 번수 방적사의 제조가 어려워 주로 면섬유와의 혼합소재로 제조되어 왔다. 최근 들어, 친환경 소재로서 박테리아 성장 억제 기능을 가진 재생섬유인 Tencel 소재를 이용하여 stiff한 Hemp의 성질에 유연성을 추가하여 촉감을 개선함과 동시에, Tencel과 Hemp를 혼용함으로써 soft touch부터 harsh touch까지 혼용율에 의한 다양한 감성을 느끼게 함으로써 용도의 다양화 추구가 시도되어 왔다. Hemp의 거친 느낌을 완화시키고 Tencel의 박테리아 억제 기능과 Hemp의 항균기능, 방충, 탈취기능이 상호 보완되어 친환경적이고 위생적인 다용도 홈 인테리어 및 가구용 직물 등의 제품으로 Hemp/Tencel 복합사가 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 Hemp와 Tencel의 혼용율의 변화에 따른 복합사의 물리적 특성을 확인하기 위하여 천연복합 태번수 방적사 최적 사설계 이론을 적용하여 Hemp 섬유 혼용율에 따른 사의 물성분석을 함으로써 Hemp/Tencel 방적사 최적 공정 조건을 결정하기 위한 사설계 이론 결과와 실험결과를 비교 분석하고자 한다. 최적 천연 Hemp복합방적사 사설계의 이론화 및 사 물성 DB화 그리고 태번수 Hemp사의 물성분석 및 이들을 DB화 함으로써 가구용 직물로 많이 사용되는 친환경 Hemp 소재사의 방적성 향상을 꾀하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 제조한 방적사의 Dry heat shrinkage와 Wet heat shrinkage를 측정하여 확인하였고 인장시험기를 이용하여 Tenacity, Initial Modulus, breaking strain을 측정 분석하였다. 방적사의 표면 특성은 영상 현미경 시스템을 사용하여 ${\times}40$ 배율로 측정하여 확인하였다.