• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-38
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to look into the consumers who show the consumption patterns of brand switching and repeated purchasing, find the decision factors of their brand switching and repeated purchasing, analyze the difference in marketing response variables being represented as corporate promotion activities in the brand switching and repeated purchasing process, and provide a suggestion to apply the result to marketing Therefore, it tries to help the firms, which develop push marketing as the result of excessive competition between distributors and sales competition focusing on external appearance, recognize consumers as individual substances; to propose proper efficient promotion activities; to let consumers increase loyalty to their trademark and continue to purchase their products repeatedly; and to induce competitor brand consumers to do brand switching. The results of this study are presented as follows: First, consumers who prefer events, price discount, samples, and product premium which means the products with brand or logo on them had the feature of repeated purchasing. Secondly, service benefit, point-type promotion, cost-saving satisfaction didn't affect brand switching, and only the consumers who prefer coupon-type promotion did brand switching. Thirdly, a distribution type produced the moderating effect between the repeated purchasing and coupon and coupon-type promotion, and between brand switching and service benefit.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2010

This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.165-183
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• 1995

한 국가의 국가경쟁력이 커지기 위해서는 여러 산업에 국제경쟁력이 있어야 한다. 특히 에너지 산업과 같이 전방효과가 큰 산업은 어떤 산업 보다도 경쟁력을 키워나가야 하는 산업이다. 본 논문에서는 국제경쟁력에 대한 개념 정리를 통해 규제완화를 포함한 정부의 역할이 에너지 산업의 국제경쟁력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고 정부가 1994년에 발표한 규제완화조치가 에너지 산업의 국제경쟁력을 강화시키는데 충분한 조치인가를 석유산업을 중심으로 평가한 후 정부가 취해야 할 자세와 결정, 실천사항을 제언하였다. 한국의 국제경쟁력 모델을 이용한 분석에 의하면 한국의 에너지 산업은 부존자원과 경영환경면에서 열악한 모습을 보이는 반면, 근로자와 기업가면에서 경쟁력을 창출할 수 있는 요소를 간직하고 있다. 그러나 규제완화와 관련된 정부, 즉 정치가와 행정관료면에 있어서는 현 정부가 외형적으로 제시하는 규제완화조치에 대해서 큰 기대를 걸게 해 주지만 그 실천에 있어서는 기대가 큰 만큼 실망도 함께 주고 있다. 기업이 이윤극대화라는 목표를 달성하기 위해서 생산, 판매 등의 기업활동에 경영개념을 도입해야 하듯이, 국가 역시 국제경쟁력 강화라는 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 "규제완화조치"라는 정부활동에 사전계획, 현장집행, 사후평가로 이어지는 경영개념을 도입해야 한다. 즉, 정부가 규제완화를 목표로 삼고 있다면 일방적으로 어떤 규제를 완화하겠다고 할 것이 아니라 우선 민간 부문에서 어떠한 규제를 완화하기를 원하는지 파악하여 과감한 완화조치를 마련한 후 관련 부서간 조정을 거쳐 법령을 개폐하는 등 이를 집행하는 것이 중요하며, 마지막 단계로 수혜자인 민간부문의 입장에서 실제 규제완화가 이루어졌는지에 대해 평가하고 평가결과가 계획에 미달할 때는 그 원인을 찾아서 다음 단계의 계획에 반영하며, 성과가 계획목표대로 이루어진 경우에는 해당 집행관료에게 이에 상응하는 대우를 충분히 해주는 등 일련의 사후평가 절차가 반드시 뒤따라야 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2022

메타버스란 가상, 초월을 뜻하는 Meta와 우주, 세계를 뜻하는 Universe의 합성어로 가상과 현실이 상호작용 하면서 사회·경제·문화 활동이 이루어지며 가치를 창출하는 세상을 말한다. 이러한 메타버스는 5G와 그래픽 기술의 발전과 함께 코로나 사태로 인한 비대면 생활이 계속되면서 디지털 네이티브 세대인 Z세대가 메타버스 플랫폼을 소통의 장으로 삼기 시작하면서 성장하고 있다. 메타버스 안에서 콘서트나 사인회를 하고, 가상 아이템을 판매하며 마케팅을 벌이는 등 다양한 산업에서 메타버스에 뛰어들고 있다. 점점 진화하고 있는 메타버스는 메타버스 내에서 유저들 간에 맺는 상호관계 활동이 큰 장점이지만, 이로 인해 개인정보 보호 문제나, 위치정보, 금융정보 문제 등의 다양한 문제가 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 메타버스에서 발생할 수 있는 문제점과 그 대응 방안을 제시하였다.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-96
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• 2010

In the recent years the society has entered the stage of informatization, the base of informatization has expanded, and the internet users have exploded, which has led to revolutionary changes to all across business management of the world. The influences of customer value and satisfaction were reviewed on a web site, and their subsequent impacts on customer loyalty were suggested. It was also analyzed how the concept of sales promotion that was set as a moderating variable affected the characteristics of a web site, customer value and satisfaction, and correlations between customer value and satisfaction. Finally based on the analysis results, practical strategic alternatives were suggested. Accordingly a web site provider can't afford to ignore sales promotion just because it doesn't have modulating effect because the customers will turn to his or her competitors. It's important to make ongoing efforts into techniques of sales promotion to meet the expectations of clients.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.121-145
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• 2014

Operating under the principle of user-benefit maximization and democratic user-control, cooperatives are being spot-lighted as a business model satisfying the various social, financial needs. In Korea, the Law of Cooperative was enacted as of December 2012, which has enabled the establishment of cooperatives in variety of industry fields. This study is to discuss the expected effect and validity of marketing cooperative as a solution for insufficient sales revenue in international distribution of Korean animation. The interviews with Korean animation studios found out the key problems of overseas distribution, which are; 1) lack of marketing expertise and weak organization, 2) lack of ancillary rights exploitation due to the deals based upon all rights package with the broadcasters who are not interested in ancillary business, 3) lack of localized marketing support in each territory. The solution for these problems takes large and long-term marketing investment and it is far beyond the capabilities of small Korean animation studios. Marketing cooperative can provide services not available otherwise such as in-depth market research which will help the improvement of international marketing expertise. Also. as the cooperative carries enough volume of animation catalogue, it can increase negotiation power satisfying the various needs of buyers. Also, it can provide the precise marketing support for each territory by integrating every process of value chain, from TV broadcasting, merchandising, and digital media platform. Above all, a clear benefit of marketing cooperative is that, because of its user-benefit and user-control principle, the principal-agent problem can be minimized while it maximizes the profit for member studios.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-91
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• 2006

This study conducted in-depth interviews with 5 successful and 6 unsuccessful sales persons and analyzed their activities to further clarify the concepts of learning orientation, performance orientation, working smart, working hard and adaptive selling which have been reported as antecedents of sales persons' performances. We found that successful sales persons had their own distinctive characteristics. First, they regarded their selling activities as a part of their lives, not as a task, and were proud of themselves. Second, they perceived their weaknesses from most of activity areas, voluntarily participated in educational programs, and studied not only their products but also competitive products. Third, successful sales persons conducted customer-oriented activities. They collected data on their customers' personal records, developed customer typology by styles or personalities, and consulted their customers using those data. Fourth, successful sales people carefully prepared their meetings with customers across steps in selling processes and they did their best to develop long term relationship with their customers. These results provide useful implications about objective evaluations on sales persons' customer orientations and adaptive selling abilities, and also clarify the concepts of 'working smart' and 'adaptive selling'.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe of the reality of working poor in Korea. In spite of the increasing attention to the working poor, usual definitions of the working poor have some measurement questions. The definition of the working poor should focus on the key dimensions of work and poverty. This study defines working poor as all "persons who have devoted prior 6 months to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the poverty threshold". This study also defines poverty threshold based on the both concept of absolute and relative poverty. According to this definition, the working poor are almost equally divided between men and women and the majority of them are of prime working age. These characteristics of working poor are seems to be quite different from common sense. Also, serious deficiencies of human capital contribute to the employment problems of the working poor. Their education levels are much less than those of the working non-poor. The distributions of the employment status, occupation, and industry show also that the working poor are highly concentrated in a few low-wage jobs.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.181-202
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• 2020

The Non-Appropriation Principle was stipulated in the OST and the MA. However the MA, creating CHM in international law for the first time, attempted to further limit the prohibitions to include ownership of resources extracted from celestial bodies, its rejection by the U.S. and most of the international spacefaring community prevented it from serving as a binding international treaty. Individuals or private enterprises intending to perform space exploitation must receive approval from the nation and may not appropriate outer space or celestial bodies. In the course of this space activity, each party will be liable. Articles 6 and 7 of the OST and the Liability Convention of 1972 deal with matters concerning those problems. The CSLCA of 2015 and Luxembourg Space Resources Law of 2017 allows States to provide commercial exploration and use of space resources to their own nationals and to companies operated by other countries within their territory. These laws do not violate Article 2 of the OST. In the case of the CSLCA of 2015, the law clearly states that it cannot claim ownership, sovereignty or jurisdiction over certain celestial bodies. Even if scholars claim that the U.S. CSLCA and Luxembourg Space Resources Law violate the non-appropriation principle of the OST, they cannot prevent these two countries from extracting the space resources on "the first come, first served" basis. The legal status of outer space including the moon and other celestial bodies is res extra commercium, like the high seas, where the fishing vessels from each country catch and sell fish without occupying the sea. Major space-faring nations must push for the adoption of an international regulatory committee which will oversee applications and issue permits based on a set of robust, modern, and forward-thinking ideals that are best equipped to govern and protect outer space as individuals, businesses, and nations compete to commercialize space through mining and the extraction of space-based resources. The new Corpus Juris Spatialis on the development of space resources, whether it is a treaty or a soft law such as recommendation and declaration, in the case of the Moon and Mars, will cover a certain amount of area to develop, and the development period by the states should be specified.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.301-309
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effect of cooperation activities among SMEs. In order to study empirical analysis, we classified the types of cooperation into four dimensions: technology cooperation, human resource cooperation, sales cooperation and financial cooperation. Review the role of the collaborative philosophy as a predictor. This study also analyzed the relationship between cooperation philosophy, cooperation activities and performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, the result of path analysis between cooperation philosophy and cooperation activities shows that cooperation philosophy has an important influence on technical cooperation, human resource cooperation, sales cooperation and financial cooperation. Second, the results of the relationship between cooperation activities and achievements, technical cooperation, human resource cooperation, and sales cooperation have an important influence on cooperation performance. The meaning of this study is as follows. Analyze empirical tests using the PSBP model from a partnership perspective. We are trying to verify the relationship with SMEs. Therefore, we can suggest a beneficial implication to explain the importance of cooperation activities between SMEs. Also, SME business units have a problem with technical information leakage when they form partnerships, but in order to overcome this problem, we can use cooperative philosophies and avoid negative views.