• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2009

형상(形相) 망진(望診)에 대한 국제공동연구와 해외진출을 위한 준비과정으로 중의사(中醫師)를 대상으로 수요조사를 실행하였다. 참여자의 학문적인 경향성은 전통 한의학적인 보수 경향성보다는 현대의학을 실용적으로 활용하는 태도를 보였으며, 임상에서 활용도가 높은 병증체계는 장부병증과 팔강병증의 순이었다. 한방 진단법에서 중요하게 활용하는 방법은 문진(問診)이며, 망진(望診), 문진(聞診), 맥진(脈診), 복진(腹診) 등의 방법도 고른 분포도를 보였으며, 그 이유는 진단 효율성, 환자와의 상담, 치료효과 입증, 환자 정보 공유, 진단 결과의 재현성과 진단의 표준화 객관성 등으로 고르게 나타났다. 한약과 침구의 활용에 대한 진단기법의 일관성은 비교적 동일하거나 보통으로 나타났으며, 그 이유로는 한약과 침구의 변증행위가 동일한 체계를 활용하거나, 소속 학파의 이론을 한약과 침구에 활용하는 것으로 보인다. 망진 형상진단의 중요도와 활용도는 고르게 나타났으며, 망진에서 중요하게 활용하는 부위와 내용으로는 두면의 생김새, 신체 전반적 생김새, 신체 특징부위로 나타났다. 형상진단의 기전과 표준화 연구에 가장 적합한 연구방법론으로는 형상진단에 입각한 고전 문헌연구, 전문가의 형상분석에 대한 통계처리, 병증과 형상에 대한 임상데이터 구축 등이었다. 형상진단기에 대해 요구하는 기능은 형상유형감별, 오장육부 상태 진단, 표리한열 진단, 경락기운 진단 등으로 나타났으며, 형상진단기의 임상적인 활용도를 높일 수 있는 임상분야는 심혈관 질환, 뇌혈관 질환, 소화기 질환, 대사증후군 질환, 부인과 질환, 노인성 질환 등으로 고른 분포를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper studies the pulse diagnosis as found in Youksimanpil, which is a series of medical charts containing 150 diagnosis records of Yi Suki, a doctor who was active in Joseon during the 17-18th centuries. Through this effort, the paper aims to shed light on how pulse was utilized in the Korean medicine, and in process tries to reveal the essence of Korean medicine's treatment method. Methods : 60 charts where pulse method was used are selected in Youksimanpil and a table is created with them. Figures are drawn to explain four steps of pulse-sensing from the simple method to highly advanced method. Charts are presented with the corresponding original texts and their translations. With these efforts, the paper attempts to reveal the broad understanding of the doctor of Joseon period who consistently kept to the most basic principle of pulse diagnosis. Results : The efficiency of pulse diagnosis depends on the unity and simplicity in diagnosis and prescription. There were continued efforts between the doctors in Joseon to collect and compare the experiences they gained from clinical practices in order to organize their findings and form a system. These are: (1) individual pulse, (2) patternized pulse, (3) balance between left and right pulses, (4) balance between pulse and body, and (5) the doctor's extemporaneous diagnosis. In that efforts, they protect the principle of holistic diagnosis, which is one of Korean medicine's core principles. Conclusions : Thanks to the existence of medical charts that presents in detail how the texts of Donguibogam were applied in real clinical practices, today we can see Korean medicine's highly advanced synergy between textual knowledge and clinical experiences as recorded in the form of charts.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-97
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• 2006

Background: There was seldom study about method that estimate expertness of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine in spite of the diagnostician importance in 8 Constitution Medicine Objectives: This study is to evaluate diagnostician's consistency and accuracy about pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine using Cage R&R study. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 28 volunteers. Among theme, 3 diagnosticians and 10 participants were chosen through questionnaire. Diagnosticians diagnosed participant's Constitution by pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine with hiding their eyes by eyepatch. MINITAB statistical software(ver. 13.20) was used for statistical analysis: Attribute Cage R&R study was used to verify the results. Results: 1. In the measurements of consistency, diagnostician b(agreement=80%, Value of k=0.8276)was very good, diagnostician a(agreement=70%, Value of k=0.7465) was good, and diagnostician c(agreement=50%, Value of k=0.5365) was moderate. 2. In the measurements of accuracy, diagnostician b(agreement =70%, Value of t=0.6812) was good, diagnostician a(agreement=60%. Value of t=0.6414) was good, and diagno-stician c(agreement=0%, Value of k=-0.1000) was poor. 3. In cofidence of diagnosis, diagnostician c was 75%, diagnostician a was 70%, and diagnostician b was 64%. Conclusion: The results suggest that diagnostician's consistency and accuracy about pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine can be evaluated by Cage R&R study. further study is needed for estimation method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1966_1967
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• 2009

As an attempt to characterize the pulse behaviors at the three pulse diagnosis positions in the oriental medicine which are called Chon, Gwan, and Cheok, we measure the pluse waveforms by SphygmoCor apparatus, that has been used widely for the evaluation of the arterial stiffness, and examine the Augmentation Index (AIx) at the aorta. For the study, twenty healthy men at the age of twenties have participated as the subject group. The pulse has been measured twice at the three palpation positions, and by two-way repeated measures ANOVA we tested the repeatability and the mean differences in the aortic AIx between Chon, Gwan, and Cheok. The AIx was found to be statistically different between the measurement positions. Duncan's test shows that the AIx is statistically different between Chon and the other two positions. Our study may be used as a reference for further scientific quantification of the pulse diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.77-93
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• 2017

Objectives : Clear and detailed analysis on Pulse-taking on both Carotid and Wrist Pulses is an absolute prerequisite if it is to be applied in real practice or its practical value proven. Methods : The original notes found in Suwen and Lingshu, their translations, and conventional studies regarding Suwen LiuJieCangXiangLun's Pulse-taking are compared and analyzed to find cases within medical texts where this method was used and to get an idea of the direction taken by the conventional study. Results : The ilsung, esung, samsung, and sasung of Carotid (or wrist pulses) refers that the pulse is one-, two-, three-, four-fold in differences. Refrainment should be practiced while comparing carotid and wrist pulses. Rather, they need to be compared with their normal states. Used by Luo Tianyi in Ming Dunasty, this method of pulse-taking was used for (radial artery) when diagnosing and treating the degree of seriousness of food injury. The measurement of maximum blood flow velocity using TCD done recently proved the validity of this pulse-taking, and it's been used for alleviating hypertension or tinnitus through acupuncture, or abating intractable diseases (around carotid). Conclusions : The obscurity of the measuring method of this pulse-taking can be resolved, and the problem which occurs while comparing carotid and wrist pulses can be solved. Even though there are differences in opinion regarding the positions when comparing the two pulses, their practical values are acknowledged since their usages in diagnosis, treatments, experiments, and researches have yielded positive results to a degree. They may not be used that often, but they are nonetheless under utilization.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Objective : The study of relations between twelve meridians and pulse diagnosis Method : The possiblity of pulse diagnosis on the pulse points(脈動處) of each meridian through the scription of $\ll$Maek beop(脈法)$\gg$ $\ll$Nae kyeong(內經)$\gg$ and $\ll$Nan kyeong(難經$\gg$ Result : The comparative pulse diagnosis method(比較脈診法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong(靈樞 邪氣臟腑病形)$\gg$ in accordance with the progress of pulse diagnosis and the theory of medicine. Conclusions : The comparative pulse diagnosis method in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop)$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong$\gg$ and the moxibustion and Pyum bup(貶法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ altered to acupuncture therapy on the five shu points(五輸穴)

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2004

The Standardization of terms in The Pulse studies(脈學) is a need for development of learning. This study, for the correction of existing misused terms in The Pulse studies, we study on modernly and objectively the terms in The Pulse studies. By a focus of ${\ulcorner}$The Pulse Studies of Bin-Ho(瀕湖脈學)${\lrcorner}$, we studies on the new classification of pulse condition. The error of a existing technical books on Pulse studies begin that the classification of pulse condition is not establish a Standardization. For the correction of existing misused terms in The Pulse studies, we study on the pulse condition is expressed objectively a blood vessel that it is a subject of pulse condition. The expression of blood vessel contain a depth of blood vessel, a speed of pulsation, a curve of blood vessel, thickness of blood vessel, a diameter of blood vessel in expand and contract of blood vessel, a interval in expand and contract of blood vessel, a distinctness on a boundary of blood vessel, a speed of blood flow in blood vessel, a volume of blood flow in blood vessel, a condition of blood in blood vessel, a propelling power of blood vessel. These is standard of the new classification of pulse condition.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, the indentation pressure is one of the most important factors as well as the change of pulse shape and the distribution of pressure via time. But, on the oriental medical doctor's indentation pressure control, the understandings of the neurophysiological meanings and mechanisms have been lacked. So, in this paper, we considered on these issues and then proposed a proper system which can imitate the OMD's indentation pressure control mechanisms. As a result, both tactile information and kinesthetic information were found to be essential to the indentation pressure control so that a system, which can measure both the physical indent pressure and the displacement of an indentation arm, has been proposed. With this proposed system, while the indentation was being controlled through the moving step number of the step motor, the physical indentation pres sure and displacement of the indentation arm were measured. From these measured data, the relationships between the moving step number and both physical indentation pressure and displacement were revealed to have linear characteristics in early phase and to have nonlinear characteristics in latter phase. Additionally, three types of graph were generated whose X axis means the moving step number, the physical indentation pressure and the displacement respectively and Y axis means the pulse pressure. By comparing these graphs, we come to conclude that different concepts on indentation pressure control cause different diagnostic results on floating/sinking degrees for the same subject. Consequently, an indentation system for the pulse diagnosis should be able to provide both the tactile information and kinesthetic information, that is, the physical indentation pressure and the displacement of the indentation arm. In future, the proposed system should be optimized to the pulse diagnosis environment and how to combine the both information for more reliable diagnosis should be studied.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.964-968
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to select the major pulse indicators and evaluate their significance in discriminating the subtypes of Pattern Identifications (PI) from stroke patients. Decision tree analysis was carried out using clinical data collected from 835 stroke patients with the same subtypes diagnosed identically by two experts with more than 3 year clinical experiences. Among the 10 pulse indicators, 6 major pulse indicators (slow, rapid, strong, weak, slippery, and fine pulse) were selected by decision tree analysis. The accumulated distributions of six pulse indicators in each PI showed that strong was major pulse indicator in Fire-Heat pattern, slippery in Dampness Phlegm pattern, weak in Qi Deficiency pattern. But there were two major combinations in Yin deficiency pattern, weak or fine with rapid pulse and weak or fine without rapid pulse. Therefore, it is suggested that 6 pulse indicators can be used for discrimination of PI in stroke patients, though the combination studies between these pulse indicators and the other PI indicators are left for further study.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

In oriental medicine, it is possible to classify and treat many diseases using the pulse wave detection system. Other problems may arise. As it is a very subjective way to analyze the pulse wave. One problem of the conventional pulse wave detection system is that the arterial pulse sensor is not located correctly at the radial artery. Threrefore measurement results can differ depending on the measurement position and the measurement procedure. This is mostly due to it's sensitivity to high reproducibility. In order to solve this problem this paper proposes an algorithm to analyze the weak pulse wave symptom and strong pulse wave symptom. It uses the portable pulse wave detection system which includes a Hall Sensor. As a final result, it analyzed the weak pulse wave symptom and strong pulse wave symptom by the SPSS statistics technique. It proves that N time (notch point time) and S Amp (rise waveform size) mean values are significantly different in 95% confidence interval.