• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to investigate identification of lactic acid bacteria and changes of organic acid during aging of traditional Kyungsando Squid sikhe. Lactobacillus brevis SH-1, Lactobacillus plantarum SH-2, and Leuconostoc mensenteroides SH-3, which were isolated from Kyungsando Squid sikhe were selected for fermentation. The viable cell and lactic acid bacteria counts of squid sikhe was increased on fermentation days, and slowly decreased after 10 days of fermentation. The viable cell and lactic acid bacteria counts of standard sikhe at 6 days fermentation was $3.7{\times}10^9$ and $8.2{\times}10^8\;CFU/g$, respectively. The organic acid of squid sikhe consisted of 7 kinds including lactic acid during fermentation. The contents of citric acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid gradually increased during fermentation, and especially, increasing of lactic acid remarkably increased than the different organic acid. The contents of acetic acid and tartaric acid slowly increased after 7 days of fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1986

After selecting four places in the main shellfish habitat, 118 items of the sample were collected in the mud flat from August to October in 1983, in order to analyze organochlorine pesticide residues by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The results obtained were summarized as follows; ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB,\;heptachlor,\;{\gamma}-endosulfan,\;{\beta}-endosulfan,$ p, p'-DDE, dieldrin, o, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDT were detected in the range from 2 to 98 percent and their levels of mean residues ranged from trace to 0.041ppm, in the order of ${\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB,\;{\alpha}-BHC,\;heptachlor{\approx}{\alpha}-endosulfan{\approx}p, p`-DDE{\approx}dieldrin{\approx}{\beta}-endosulfan{\approx}$o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDT. The mean of total residues in regions was Kangjin(0.058ppm), Kwangyang(0.080ppm), Yoch'on (0.016ppm), and Yonggwang(0.75ppm). ${\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB$ peak were separated by column packed with DC-200. PCNB was identified by making a PCA(pentachloroaniline), the reduced derivative of PCNB, and this confirmed that PCNB residues were detected in the soil sample.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

In order to estimate chornic toxicity of copper in the juvenile oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, experiments were investigated the effects of long term sublethal copper exposure on survival rate, metabolic rate, feed efficiency and growth rate. Oliver flounder were exposed for 6 weeks to four different sublethal copper concentration (50, 80, 180, 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$). Survival rate of them significantly affected above 180 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$, and reduced for increase exposure periods and concentrations. Copper exposure to 180 and 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ significantly decreased metabolic rate in olive flounder. Exposure to waterborne copper concentrations as high as 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ resulted in significantly reduced feed efficiency and growth rate. From these results, it could be concluded that the high level of 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ copper concentration in the bottom water would curtail production of the olive flounder in coastal area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2002

Sand dollar, Astriclypeus manni (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is widely distributed on subtidal sand flats all along the coast of Cheju Island. Limited information has been reported on their ecology despite their abundance. This study reports gut contents, density and locomotion of the sand dollars distributed on a subtidal sand flat on the north-east coast of Cheju Island. Microscopic examination of the gut contents indicated that A. manni feeds on inorganic and organic detritus as well as live organisms contained in the sediments. Inorganic particles included sand grains, sponge spicules and shells of benthic animals such as foraminifera, crustacean and molluscs. Mean diameter of sediment particles retained in the gut was $77.6\pm{22.2}\mu{m}$. Live organisms retained in the gut included foraminifera, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, diatoms and unidentified egg. Spatial distribution pattern of the sand dollar was found to be random with a mean density of 0.4 individual $m^{-2}(\chi^2=85.16,\;p>0.05)$. Locomotion speed of the sand dollar measured in situ was 2.0 to 65.0 cm $hr^{-1}$. Locomotion speed and moving distance was somewhat higher in summer when food availability also higher.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.2 s.62
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• pp.201-211
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• 2006

55 zooplankton taxa including 35 copepoda were observed in the Uldolmok waterway during the sampling period from August 2003 to April 2004. Neritic species showed the seasonal species fluctuation, and oceanic warm-water species occurred throughout the year. The number of taxa tended to increase at the flood tide from low tide to high tide, and to decrease at the ebb tide from high tide to low tide. Therefore, species composition of zooplankton in the Uldolmok waterway seemed to be affected by the inflow of oceanic waters with oceanic species all the year round. Total abundance of zooplankton ranged from 104 (February 2004) to 2,717 indiv. $m^{-3}$ (August 2003). According to the tidal cycle, the change of total abundance was more irregular and variable in November 2003 and February 2004 than August 2003 and April 2004. In August 2003 and April 2004, total abundance was low at the strong tide, and was high at low and high tide when tidal current was weak. Average abundances of dominant species such as Paracalanus indicus, Cirripedia nauplii and Acartia hongi were on the order of twice higher at ebb tide than flood tide. However, their abundances were also subject to wide fluctuation within flood tide and ebb tide. The changes of environmental parameters such as water temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration were negligible along the tidal periods in the Uldolmok waterway. Therefore, the advection, transfer and loss of zooplankton population derived from strong tidal current and eddy formed by the local difference of tidal velocity lead temporal variation of zooplankton community more complex and variable in the Uldolmok waterway.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2001

Community structure, horizontal distribution, density, and ratio between nematodes and benthic harpacticoid copepods of the meiobenthos within the sediments of inner Sihwa Lake were investigated in May 1999 and May 2000. A total of 11 and 8 classes of meiobenthic animals were identified in 1999 and 2000, respectively, which were much lower than other coastal areas. The dominant animals during both sampling periods was the nematodes, followed by sarco-mastigophorans, nauplius of crustaceans, benthic harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes. These five classes of animals comprised more than 90% of total abundance of neiobenthos presented in the samples. In 2000, a lot of polychaete larvae were identified. The most abundant animal were the size that fits in 0.063 mm sieve size. Lower density was observed upper inner part of the Sihwa Lake during both sampling periods, and higher density was observed around the Sihwa floodgates. The average density between those two numbers were observed in the samples collected in the middle of the lake. Lower nematodes to betnhic harpacticoides (N/C) ratio, a relative indicator of environmental pollution, was observed to be lower around the floodgate but higher ratios were observed in the upper inner Sihwa Lake. The present study indicated that inner upper part of the lake becomes unsuitable for the meiobenthos, and the most inner upper lake was considered to be polluted.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2006

Seasonal variation of marine bacterial community was analyzed in the surface sea water collected from one of the stations locating at Tongyeoung coastal area, Korea. The results obtained by the culture method through identification with the VITEK Microbe ID system after pure culture in the selective medium were compared with those obtained by the DGGE based 16S rRNA PCR method. The composition of the marine bacterial community in the sea water samples harvested in September, 2004, November, 2004, January, 2005, May, 2005 and August, 2005 determined by the culture method showed 5, 5, 4, 6, and 10 strains respectively. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acinetobacter lwoffii were detected in all seasons. The other strains were identified to be Pseudomonas stutzeri, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Burkholderia mallei and Chryseobacterium indologenes. In contrast, the 16S rRNA PCR-DGGE method detected 10, 11, 6, 9 and 13 populations respectively in the same sea water samples and the strains were identified to be Acinetobacter lwoffii, Burkholderia mallei, Pseudomonas fluoresence, Actinobacillus ureae, Burkholderia sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Roseobacter sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticue, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Rugeria algocolus. This results indicated that the DGGE based 16S rRNA PCR method was more efficient than the culture method for the grasp of the characteristics of the marine bacterial community.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2018

$CO_2$ storage site for small-scale demonstration has been investigated in Yeongil Bay, Pohang, SE Korea, using seismic survey and exploration well data. We found a potential storage formation consisting mainly of conglomerate and sandstone. The storage formation unconformably overlies volcanic basement rocks that are located in a depth from 650 to 950 m (below sea level). The depth of the storage formation is suitable for injecting supercritical $CO_2$ in the Pohang Basin. The average thickness of the storage formation is about 123 m, which possibly provides sufficient capacity at the level of small-scale storage demonstration. The overlying fine-grained deposits consist mainly of marine hemipelagic muds and interlayered turbidite sands. The overlying formation is considered as a good seal rock that is over 600 m thick and widely distributed in the onshore and offshore portions of the basin. NNE-trending faults found in the study area likely formed at basement level, probably not continue to seafloor. Such faults are interpreted as syndepositional faults involved to the basin initiation. This study reveals that the offshore area of the Pohang Basin contains deep geological formations suitable for small-scale $CO_2$ storage demonstration.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.78-92
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• 2017

Environmental impact assessment(EIA) on the construction and operation of thermal power plant(TPP) is aimed at promoting sustainable coastal development by clearly identifying the marine physics and organisms effects of the project on the surrounding marine environment and minimizing its impact. The primary purpose of this study is to establish EIA guidelines for TPP in order to assess how TPP construction projects influence marine environment and to establish the mitigaion plans of environmental impacts. Through this study, scientific and efficient EIA guidelines for the marine environments were established by a specialist forum consisted of officials from the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, personnel from five public corporations in charge of TPPs and marine environment experts. In the study, fifteen EIA reports (2009~2015) on TPPs submitted were analyzed to identify the shortcomings of current assessment items on marine environment and to collect a wide range of information including EIA report formulation regulations, domestic and overseas environmental survey guidelines and EIA review comments on TPPs. Based on the findings, a specialist forum put together EIA guidelines for TPP construction projects.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2011

연안 및 해안공학의 발달과 더불어 부유식방파제의 기능적 효율성이 중요시 되고 있다. 흔히 사용되어오던 착저식방파제는 설치에 많은 시간과 경비가 소요되고 환경 및 생태계에 많은 변화를 줄 수 있으며, 설치 예정지의 수리학적 특성 등의 여건에 많은 제약을 받는 단점이 있다. 부유식방파제는 일본 등의 선진국을 중심으로 활용이 잦아지고 있는 방파제로서 수면 위에 설치되기 때문에 수중 생태계에 미치는 영향이 적은 친환경방파제이다. 또한 기존에 시공된 중력식방파제와는 달리 수심에 제한을 덜 받고, 공사기간이 짧기 때문에 경제적이다. 실제 시공사례로는 2007년 마산 원전항에 완공된 부유식방파제가 대표적이며, 지금까지도 부유식방파제에 대한 여러 연구자들의 관심이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 방파제뿐만 아니라 우리나라처럼 국토의 면적이 작은 지역에서 증가하는 해상물동량을 소화하기 위해서 부유식방파제 등을 이용한 항만의 시공이 필요한 실정이다. 이러한 부유식방파제의 분석적인 측면에 있어서 수치해석은 파랑과 구조물의 상호작용을 해석하는 데 한계가 있으며, 부유식방파제 단면형상을 정확하게 재현할 수 없으므로, 수리모형실험을 통한 부유식방파제의 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 최근 기술의 발달로 인한 유동장 해명이 가능해 졌으며, PIV(Particle image velocimetry) 및 LDV시스템은 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 특히, LDV시스템은 측정하려는 한 지점에 대하여 레이저 빔을 단면(Cross-section)으로 만들고 입자의 산란광을 후방산란(Back scatter)으로 받아서 도플러 효과를 이용, 속도에 대한 주파수를 획득하며, 유속을 측정하는 장비로 매우 높은 정확도와 비접촉식 이라는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한, PIV 시스템에 비하여 측정시간이 오래 걸리는 반면 데이터를 가공하지 않고 활용할 만큼 높은 정확성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리모형실험을 통하여 단독형, 2열형 및 3열형 부유식방파제의 형상, 흘수 및 거리를 변화시키며 유동장을 수집하였으며, 방파성능에 따른 와의 생성 및 소멸시점에서의 파랑변형과의 관계를 분석하였다. 방파제의 형상과 흘수를 달리하여 수리모형실험을 수행하였으며, 와류의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 연직 2차원 Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형을 이용하여 수치모형실험을 수행하였으며, 수치모형실험 결과와 수리모형실험 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 후방방파제에서 발생되는 파랑은 입사파의 주기가 길어질수록 상대적으로 커지는 현상을 보였으며, 흘수심이 깊어질수록 전방방파제 입사 면에서 자유 수면이 높게 관측되는 결과를 보였다. 또한, 비교적 장주기파랑에 해당하는 입사파랑의 경우 전달파고비 산정에 있어서 설계기준인 0.5를 대다수 초과하는 반면, 3열형 구조에서는 대부분이 0.5이하로 상당히 높은 방파성능 결과를 나타내었다.