• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 2001

Jade, which is a kind of stone, with its transparent body, lustrous and bright character, But jade is not the only fair stone. There are three kinds of jade objects 1) tallies used in the court. 2) ceremonial jades. 3) ordinary jade for decoration, for inlaid work and for burial. Among the ceremonial jade, the most important were the "liu jui" and "liu ch′i." The former was supposed to be held by people in the court as symbols of their authority : 1) "then-kuei(鎭圭)" for the emperor. 2) "hang-kuei(恒圭)" for a duke, 3) "hsin-kuei(信圭)" a marquis. 4) "kung-kuei(躬圭)" for an earl, these "kuei" were alike in shape, but differed in size. 4) "ku-pi(穀璧)" for a viscount. 5) "p′u-pi(蒲璧)" for a baron, "pi(璧)" differed in decoration but were alike in shape. "Liu ch′i(六器)" were ceremonial objects used by the emperor in worshipping Heaven, Earth, and the Four Directions : "ts′ang-pi(倉璧)," greenish jade disk, used in worthipping Heaven "huang-tsung(黃琮)," yellow jade cylinder, used in worshipping Earth ; "cuing-kuei,(靑圭)" blue jade tablet. used in worshipping the East : "chih-chang(赤璋)," red jade tablet, used in worshipping the South : "hsuan-huang(玄璜)," black crescent, used in worshipping the North. Five kinds of tallies were "chen-kuei(鎭圭)," "yenkuei(琰圭)," "yuan-kuei(玩圭)," "ku-kuei(穀圭)." They were used to console people during disaster, to subjugate an official who had committed a crime, to reward a prize to an official for his merit or good conduct, to arbitrate disputes between high officials, to marry princess. and to dispatch troops. Since the west wei(西魏), Kuei and Hole were made of Ivory, wood and bamboo, who had ivory for fifth grade and wood and bamboo for under sixth grade. After Eastern Chou, all officials beginning to had kuei hole. symbol of Authority. and his wives. After Dang dynasty, Japan is the same. In korea. After king Bupheung in ancient and South(unification) Silla, North Kingdom Bohai, Koryo, and Chosen dynasty had ceremonial jade, Kuei and Hole.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2002

A new high-efficient energy-recovery circuit is proposed to drive a plasma display panel (PDP) and compared with the conventional circuit. The proposed circuit uses only two inductors and no auxiliary circuit to recover the energy stored in the equivalent intrinsic capacitance of PDP. Therefore it features a simpler structure, less mass, lower cost of production, higher efficiency, and fewer power devices. The very stable and uniform light emitted from PDP proves the high quality of screen. It is suitable for wall-hanging color TVs. The proposed circuit, operating at 200kHz, is verified to be applicable on a 42-inch PDP by experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.102-115
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the role and function of costume in the ancient society by analyzing the jade decorations, 'Gui', 'Bi', and 'Hwang,' recorded in "Zhouli". The method of study consisted of researching the record book "Zhouli" and comparing the antiquities with the images of the jades. Firstly, the jade decorations were different depending on class. The class system in Zhou dynasty was made up of 6 grades - emperor, duke, marquis, count, viscount, and baron. The jade decorations used by people in these grades were called 'Gui', 'Bi', and 'Hwang'. Secondly, this study grasped the system of 'Gui', 'Bi', and 'Hwang.' It identified 7 types of duties by matching the decorations on the jade to specific institutions. 'Gui', 'Bi', and 'Hwang' played a huge role in forming and maintaining to order and system during the chaotic Zhou dynasty. In addition, it became an essential part of understanding status, society, and political structure within a family power structure.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2002

The Photovoltaic systems with solar cell way Provide electrical energy to the utility/consumers, which are becoming one of the promising energy substitutes. The photovoltaic system can be classified into two types : One is the stand-alone type, and the other utility interactive one. The latter can return the generated power to the utility, but the former can't. The utility interactive systems are so valuable for peak power cut in summer season. In the photovoltaic systems the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been studied for the increase of the generating energy of the photovoltaic system. There are many control methods of MPPT, but a new MPPT algorithm is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional ones, and as a result the proposed method enables to improve both tracking ability and generating efficiency of photo voltaic system without DC chopper.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

In this paper, we study the structure of the Daegyupyo (大圭表, Large Gnomon) of the early Joseon dynasty. A Gyupyo (圭表, Gnomon that is Guibiao as pronounced in Chinese) is composed of a Pyo (表, Biao as pronounced in Chinese) making a shadow and a Gyu (圭, Gui as pronounced in Chinese) measuring its length. It is known that the Daegyupyo with the 40-feet height was constructed between the sixteenth to seventeenth year of the King Sejong reign (1444 - 1445) on the basis of the record of Yuanshi (元史, the History of the Yuan Dynasty). By analyzing historical documents such as Joseonwangjosillok (朝鮮王朝實錄, the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Yuanshi, and Jegaryeoksangjip (諸家曆象集, a work written by Sunji Lee), we found a possibility that the Ji (池, a pond) on the Gyu was located in the north side of the Pyo. This structure is different from that in previous studies, but is in a good agreement with that of the 40-feet Guibiao remaining in Dengfeng (登封) of China. Regarding to the Hoengyang (橫梁, cross-bar), we suggest that it was set up by double 5-feet supporting arms apart from the north tip of the Pyo in the radial direction. The 3:4:5 ratio in a rectangular triangle was used to place the Heongyang on the top of the Pyo at a distance of 4-feet (3-feet) in the vertical (horizontal) direction. We also discuss the structural problem when the Hoengyang is positioned apart from the top of the Pyo by supporting arms. In conclusion, we think that this study should be useful in restoring the Daegyupyo of the Joseon dynasty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.96-108
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• 2009

This study is made on the royal lady's dress In late Joseon dynasty according to the King Heon-jong and Lady Kyung-bin's Wedding Diary in the year of Jung-mi(1847) and summarised as follows: Girls' full dress was a set of a red skirt, a violet undo. jacket, and a light yellow jacket and a green Gyeon-ma-gi(a kind of top jacket) with he. hair Saeng-meo-ri hanging Do-tu-rak-daeng-gi(a kind of hair ribbon). At the big ceremony, girls wore a green Dang-ui instead of Gyeon-ma-gi. A girl picked up as a royal concubine wore a green Won-sam, which was decorated with gilt letters meaning longevity, patched emblems of gilt letter meaning longevity on the breast and on the back, belted with Bong-dae(a red sash with gilt phoenexes), like a princess's full dress. At the Kyung-bin's installation of Crown Princess and her first greeting ceremony with royal elders, she wore a green Won-sam as a formal dress, which had an embroidered emblem of phoenix, the belt with crystal ornaments, Pae-ok(佩玉), Kyu(圭) of blue jade, Shou(綬) with an phoenix. At a Dong-wrae-yun(drinking ceremony after bride and bridegroom's bowing to each other), she wore the embroidered red Jang-sam as a formal dress. Kyung-bin wore a purple Won-sam with Bong-dae as a full dress for a royal feast. According to the occasions, the same dress was differentiated with ornaments and rotors. Ji-keum-bal was an attire for ordinary ceremony. The attire was equipped with a woven gold green Dang-ui with an emblem of phoenix, a blue gilt underskirt and a red gilt overskirt. No-ui was worn as outdoor clothes. Jang-sam was worn by various classes, so it was differentiated with materials and names according to her class.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.289-302
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• 2006

For a reconstruct draft of the Gyupyo (Gnomon) in King Sejong Era, we collected a lot of documents of the Chosen Dynasty. With the result we made a reduced model by 1/10 and drawing set for the Gnomon in Sejong Era. It is composed of the Gyu, Yongpyo, Hoengryang (a beam), Yeongbu and granitic prop. You can read the scale where the shadow of vertically-standing stick touches the horizontal Gyu. A Shadow-Define. (Yeongbu) was used to focus the shadow cast by the sun's center, measuring the (gnomon) shadow length precisely. A Yeongbu is made of a leaf of copper in the middle of which is pierced a pin-hole for the tiny optical image of the sun which tilted to face the incident sunlight, used the principle of the a pin-hole camera and Scheimplug principle.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

Gyupyo (圭表, Gnomon) consists of Gyu (圭, Measuring Scale) and Pyo (表, Column), and was one of the traditional astronomical instruments in East Asia. Daegyupyo (Large Gnomon) was manufactured in the Joseon dynasty around 1434 ~ 1435. To increase the measurement accuracy, it was equipped with a Hoengyang (橫梁, Cross-bar) and used a Youngbu (影符, Shadow-Definer) which was invented during the Yuan dynasty (1271 ~ 1368). The cross-bar was installed on the top of the column and this structure was called Eol. In addition, three plumbs hanging from the cross-bar was employed to vertically built Eol on the measuring scale. This method was also used to not only check the vertical of Eol but also diagnose the horizontal of the cross-bar. Throughout this study, we found that a cross-bar in a gnomon has played three important roles; measurement of the shadow length made by the central part of the Sun, increase of the measurement precision using the shadow-definer, and diagnosis of the vertical of Eol and the horizontal of the cross-bar itself using the three plumbs. Hence, it can be evaluated that the employment of a cross-bar and a shadow-definer in a gnomon was a high technology in the contemporary times. In conclusion, we think that this study is helpful for understanding the Large Gnomon of the Joseon dynasty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.7
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• pp.5-19
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• 1983

Sacredotal robe(法服) means full court dress. We can't know about the shape of sacredotal robe before Dae-Han Empire(大韓帝國) since there are no remains of it. The study of sacredotal robe for queen have also been made centering around the socredotal robe granted from Ming(明) dynasty and the system of Juck-Eui(翟衣) in Dae-Han Empire. In this thesis I tried to study about the sacredotal robe for queen from King Gong-Min(恭愍王) of Koryeo(高麗) dynasty to the close the Cho-Sun(朝鮮) dynasty by investigating the Literature of Cho-sun Dynasty Chronicles(朝鮮王朝實錄), Ga Rae Do Gam Eui Gue(嘉禮都監儀軌), Sang Bang Jung Rae(尙方定例), Gook Hon Jung Rae(國婚定例), Sok-Orae Eui-Bo(續五禮儀補), and Dae Myung Whe Jeon(大明會典). The first documents on sacredotal robe for queen is regarded as that in the period of King Gong Min., which says that Chil Whee Gu Bong Gwan and Juck Eui of the 9th grade had been given from Ming dynasty. The sacredotal robe for queen in Chosun had been granted from Ming dynasty since the 3th years of King Tae-Jo(太祖) to the 3th years of King In-Jo(仁祖). They were Ju Chui Chil Juck Gwan, red Dae Sam(大衫), Bae Ja(褙子) embroidered with. pheasants on blue silk, and ivory flat baton (笏), which belonged to the court dress for the first class of court lady. When Qing(淸) dynasty succeeded to Ming dynasty, Cho-sun adopted the system of luck Eui which had it's origin in the system of Ming, denying to comply with Chung. But as a matter of fact, the system of sacredotal robe for queen actually used was one which were different from the dress system of Ming and converted into our national ways. In the latter period. of Cho-sun, the system of Bae Ja or Juck Eui were used together until the period of King Young Jo(英祖), and the system of Juck Eui which was written in Gook Hon Jung Rae was continually used from King Young Jo to the close of Cho-sun. It was composed of Juck Eui, Beol Eui(別衣), Nae Eui(內衣), Pe Sool(蔽膝), Dae Dae(大帶), HaPi, Sang(裳), Ok Dae(玉帶), Pae Ok(佩玉), Gue(圭), Mal(襪), Suk, and Myun sa(面紗), The headdress was used in our own ways, not complying with Juck Gwan(翟冠). The color of Juck Eui was red for queen, deep blue for the consort of the crown prince. The color of Juck Eui in DaHan Empire was deep blue, different from that of Juck Eui in Cho-sun. Bo(補) for queen wus embroidered with dragon with five claws and the one for the consort of crown prince with dragon with four claws. The back length of Juck Eui was longer than front about 28cm (1尺), and the front opening was straight down. 51 motifs of a brace of pheasants which were similiar to Bong(鳳) were embroidered on Juck Eui for queen. But we can't find out whether there 31 or 51 on Juck Eui for the consort of the crown prince. The system shows independant aspects, because there are Bo, Myun Sa, Sang, Ha Pi, Beol Eui, and Nae Eui which were not found in the system of Ming. As mentioned above, I have studied on the sacredotal robe for queen. But we can't guess the detail of sacredotal robe for queen, because there are no remains at all. Therefore I expect more study on this.