• Title/Summary/Keyword: /t/-insertion

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기관 협착에서 Long T-tube의 삽입 방법 (A technique for insertion of a long T-tube in tracheal stenosis)

  • 백만종
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제26권8호
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    • pp.664-666
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    • 1993
  • A technique for insertion of a long silicone T-tube in patient with critical stenosis and high-risk resection and primary anastomosis of long segment of the distal trachea is presented. It was not easy to insert a long T-tube by existing methods because of flexibility of a T-tube and tightness of stenosis. So we used a silastic endotracheal tube and guiding wire as stylet of a T-tube. During insertion, ventilation was normally maintained through the lumen of endotracheal tube. This provided rapid relief from airway obstruction and asphyxation and is a easy, safe and effective method to restore patency of the major airways.

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Semantic Features as a Cause of Tensification in Korean Sub-compounds

  • Khym, Han-gyoo
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2016
  • Nominal compounds of 'N1 + N2'in Korean can be classified into the following three major categories: co-compound, sub-compound, and fusion. Among these three major categories, insertion of /t/ in the compounding process and subsequent tensification are found only in sub-compounds. This peculiar phenomenon of /t/-insertion which causes, in turn, tensification in sub-compounds has been long controversial because linguists have not been able to expect in which phonological environment of sub-compounding insertion of /t/ takes place. In this paper, I explore a phonological rule which makes it possible to expect the phonological environments of sub-compounding that allow insertion of /t/ and automatic tensification of the subsequent consonant in the onset of N2. In this process, I show that semantic feature(s) between two combined roots should be considered as one of the important structural descriptions in phonology.

기관절개술 후 발생한 기도 협착에서 실리콘 기관 T tube 삽입술의 치료 효과 (The Management Effect of Silicone Tracheal T-tube Insertion in Tracheal Stenosis after Tracheostomy)

  • 조성훈;이용만;오천환
    • 대한기관식도과학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2007
  • Background and Objectives: Most of tracheal stenosis is resulted from longstanding endotracheal tube insertion. Treatments of tracheal stenosis are divided conservative and reconstructive treatment. The propose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prosthetic tracheal T-tube insertion on tracheal stenostic patients who can not be operated invasive surgery. Subjects and Method : Nine prosthetic tracheal T-tube insertion were studied from 9 patients from January 2002 to April 2007. The effect of silastic T-tube was analyzed according to the factors that were respiratory difficulty, oxygen saturation, phonation, aspiration and significant complications. Results: Four patients were good for respiration and no complication. But five patients occur various complications. A successful group did not have cartilagenous lesions but failed group had catilagenous lesions, infection and necrosis. Conclusion: A silastic T-tube insertion was good for palliative treatment in patients without catilagenous lesions.

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NMR Structural Study of the 3'-T.G Mismatched DNA Decamer Duplex Containing the T-T (6-4) Adduct

  • Lee, Joon-Hwa;Park, Yun-Jeong;Park, Byong-Seok
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.60-70
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    • 1999
  • The pyrimidine(6-4) pyrimidone photoproduct [(6-4) adduct] is one of the major photoproducts induced by UV irradiation of DNA and occurs at TpT sites. The (6-4) adduct is highly mutagenic and specific during translesion replication. The marked preference for insertion of A opposite the 5'-T and G opposite the 3--T of the (6-4) adducts leads to a predominantly 3'-T\longrightarrowC transition with 85% replicating error rate. In order to obtain insight into the origin of 3'-T\longrightarrowC transition induced by the (6-4) adduct, we have performed one - and two-dimensional NMR experiment. The 3'-Tof the (6-4) lesion forms the stable hydrogen bonding to the imino proton of an opposed G, which stabilizes the overall helix and diminishes the highly distorted conformation caused by the (6-4) lesion in the (6-4)/AA duplex. We proposed that the greater insertion of a G over an A opposite the 3'-T of the (6-4) lesion These results may account for the greater preference for the insertion of a G over a A opposite the 3'-T of the (6-4) lesion. Thus this insertion leads to the highly specific 3'-T\longrightarrowC multation at the (6-4) lesion site.

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Nucleotide Insertion Fidelity of Human Hepatitis B Viral Polymerase

  • Kim, Youn-Hee;Hong, Young-Bin;Suh, Se-Won;Jung, Gu-Hung
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 2000
  • The hepadnaviruses replicate their nucleic acid through a reverse transcription step. The MBP-fused HBV polymerase was expressed in E. coli and purified by using amylase affinity column chromatography. The purified protein represented DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. In this report, the MBP-HBV polymerase was shown to lack 3'$\rightarrow$5' exonuclease activity, like other retroviral RTs. The ratio of the insertion efficiency for the wrong versus right vase pairs indicates the misinsertion frequency (f). The nucleotide insertion fidelity (1/f), observed with the MBP-HBV polymerase and HIV-1 RT, was between 60 and 54,000, and between 50 and 73,000, respectively, showing that they are in close range. A relatively efficient nucleotide incorporation by the MBP-HBV polymerase was observed with a specificity of three groups: (1) A : T, T : A>C : G, G : C (matched pairs), (2) A : C, C : A>G: T, T : G (purine-pyrimidine and pyrimidine-purine mispairs), and (3) C : C, A : A, G : G, T : T>T : C, C : T>A : G, G : A (purine-purine or pyrimidine-pyrimidine mispairs), and their order is (1)>(2)>(3). The data from the nucleotide insertion fidelity by the MBP-HBV polymerase suggest that the HBV polymerase may be as error-prone as HIV-1 RT.

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The Use of Pedicle Screw-Rod System for the Posterior Fixation in Cervico-Thoracic Junction

  • Cho, Won-ik;Eid, Ahmed Shawky;Chang, Ung-Kyu
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2010
  • Objective : In cervico-thoracic junction (CTJ), the use of strong fixation device such as pedicle screw-rod system is often required. Purpose of this study is to analyze the anatomical features of C7 and T1 pedicles related to screw insertion and to evaluate the safety of pedicle screw insertion at these levels. Methods : Nineteen patients underwent posterior CTJ fixation with C7 and/or T1 included in fixation levels. Seventeen patients had tumorous conditions and two with post-laminectomy kyphosis. The anatomical features were analyzed for C7 and T1 pedicles in 19 patients using computerized tomography (CT). Pedicle screw and rod fixation system was used in 16 patients. Pedicle violation by screws was evaluated with postoperative CT scan. Results : The mean values of the width, height, stable depth, safety angle, transverse angle, and sagittal angle of C7 pedicles were $6.9{\pm}1.34\;mm$, $8.23{\pm}1.18\;mm$, $30.93{\pm}4.65\;mm$, $26.42{\pm}7.91$ degrees, $25.9{\pm}4.83$ degrees, and $10.6{\pm}3.39$ degrees. At T1 pedicles, anatomic parameters were similar to those of C7. The pedicle violation revealed that 64.1% showed grade I violation and 35.9% showed grade II violation, overall. As for C7 pedicle screw insertion, grade I was 61.5% and grade II 38.5%. At T1 level, grade I was 65.0% and grade II 35.0%. There was no significant difference in violation rate between the whole group, C7, and T1 group. Conclusion : C7 pedicles can withstand pedicle screw insertion. C7 pedicle and T1 pedicle are anatomically very similar. With the use of adequate fluoroscopic oblique view, pedicle screw can be safely inserted at C7 and T1 levels.

교환 결합 상태가 다른 $[Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Cu/Co/Cu]$ 다층 박막에서 Co 계면 삽입이 자기적 특성에 미치는 영향 (ThE Variation of Magnetoresistande Ratio and Magnetization Curve by Insertion Co Layer in the$[Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Cu/Co/Cu]$ Multilayers)

  • 이정주;최상준;홍재화;권순주
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 1998
  • e-beam evaporator로 [Ni80Fe20/Cu/Co/Cu] 다층박막을 증착하여 자성층 사이의 교환 결합 상태에 따라 Co를 Ni80Fe20/Cu 계면에 삽입, 자기 저항비와 자기 저항비와 자화 곡선의 변화를 연구하였다. 강자성 결합 및 비 결합에서는, 계면에 Co를 삽입하게 되면, 자기 저한 값이 증가하지만 반강자성 결합에서는 자기 저항 값이 감소하는 경향이 보였다. 이러한 원인은 계면에 삽입되는 Co가 계면 산란을 증가시키는 것 뿐만 아니라 자성층 간의 교환 결합상태를 변화 시키기 때문에 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 계면에 삽입된 Co는 박막의 다층 구조를 30$0^{\circ}C$ 이상까지 유지시키며 이는 Cork 효과적인 확산 장애물(diffusion barrier)역할을 하기 때문으로 판단된다.

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EMLA크림 도포가 소아암환자의 피하매몰 중심정맥포트 바늘삽입 시 통증인지와 통증반응에 미치는 영향 (Effects of EMLA Cream Application on Pain Perception and Pain Response of Children with Cancer During Implanted Venous Access Port Needle Insertion)

  • 서현영;김영혜
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) cream application on pain perception and pain response during insertion of implanted venous access port needle in children with cancer. Methods: From December 2010 to August 2011, at U university hospital, 20 patients scheduled for implanted venous access port needle insertion were recruited, and randomly assigned to receive either EMLA or a placebo cream 1 hour before the implanted venous access port needle insertion. While conducting needle insertion, changes in pulse and oxygen saturation on the pulse oxymeter monitor were measured and pain behavior reaction was also measured during needle insertion in the treatment room. After conducting needle insertion, self-reported pain reaction, and mothers' perception of the children's pain reaction were measured. Collected data were statistically processed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test. Results: Children's self-reported degree of pain, degree of pain as perceived by mothers and pain behavior reaction decreased significantly in the EMLA application group compared with the placebo group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that application of EMLA cream is effective in relieving pain in these children during implanted venous access port needle insertion.

Gametophytic Abortion in Heterozygotes but Not in Homozygotes: Implied Chromosome Rearrangement during T-DNA Insertion at the ASF1 Locus in Arabidopsis

  • Min, Yunsook;Frost, Jennifer M.;Choi, Yeonhee
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.448-458
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    • 2020
  • T-DNA insertional mutations in Arabidopsis genes have conferred huge benefits to the research community, greatly facilitating gene function analyses. However, the insertion process can cause chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we show an example of a likely rearrangement following T-DNA insertion in the Anti-Silencing Function 1B (ASF1B) gene locus on Arabidopsis chromosome 5, so that the phenotype was not relevant to the gene of interest, ASF1B. ASF1 is a histone H3/H4 chaperone involved in chromatin remodeling in the sporophyte and during reproduction. Plants that were homozygous for mutant alleles asf1a or asf1b were developmentally normal. However, following self-fertilization of double heterozygotes (ASF1A/asf1a ASF1B/asf1b, hereafter AaBb), defects were visible in both male and female gametes. Half of the AaBb and aaBb ovules displayed arrested embryo sacs with functional megaspore identity. Similarly, half of the AaBb and aaBb pollen grains showed centromere defects, resulting in pollen abortion at the bi-cellular stage of the male gametophyte. However, inheritance of the mutant allele in a given gamete did not solely determine the abortion phenotype. Introducing functional ASF1B failed to rescue the AaBb- and aaBb-mediated abortion, suggesting that heterozygosity in the ASF1B gene causes gametophytic defects, rather than the loss of ASF1. The presence of reproductive defects in heterozygous mutants but not in homozygotes, and the characteristic all-or-nothing pollen viability within tetrads, were both indicative of commonly-observed T-DNA-mediated translocation activity for this allele. Our observations reinforce the importance of complementation tests in assigning gene function using reverse genetics.

Billet 장입 방식을 이용 제조한 Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 초전도 선재의 특성 (Characteristics of Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor Wire Fabricated using the Billet Insertion Method)

  • 장건익;유재근;홍계원
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 1996
  • During Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor wire fabrication the effect of the initial packing density on the final characteristics of superconductor wire was systematically studied. To increase the powder packing density with uniform distribution of superconducting core a billet insertion method processed by CIP was applied instead of the commonly used vibration and ramming method of powder insertion into silver sheath. Compared with the vibration and ramming method the billent insertion technique processed by CIP cause the 30% incre-specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(core thickness : 45 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$for 200hrs. shows specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (core thickness ; 45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$ for 200 hrs. shows maximum 34A for Ic and 16, 700 A/cm2 for Ic measured at 77K and 0T. Also the sample rolled 3 times shows maximum 7, 2A for Ic and 11, 000 A/cm2 for 77K and 0T. Based on X-ray experimental results the formation of Bi-2223 and texture were significantly well developed at the interface between the superconducting core and silver sheath as compared with those of the interior area of superconducting core.

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