• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

This paper examines the positions and personnel of the Naeui system in the late Joseon Dynasty. First, the regulations of the Naeui system were investigated through the literature related to Naeuiwon. Next, the operation of the regulations, changes in the system, and causes were analyzed through the Seungjeongwon Diary (承政院日記). We discovered: 1) Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy originally did not have a fixed number of positions, but gradually came into being with a quota regulation. Uiyagdongcham-ui (議藥同參醫) and Naechim-ui (內鍼醫) did not have a quota, but was initially set at 10 people, then expanded to 12 people. Originally, the royal physician had no fixed number, and in 1864 the first quota was 7 people. 2) 'Gyeom-eoui' and 'gachanaeui' served to expand Naeui's quota. After the mid-17th century, 'Gyeom-eoui' expanded the quota of royal physicians to secure a position for the medical bureaucracy of Naeuiwon. 'Gachanae' after King Jeongjo serves to add to the quota while obeying the provisions of the law. 3) The customary promotion of Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy expanded and became stricter after the mid-19th century, during which special promotions became more frequent than in previous periods. As for the provision of appointment to the 6th class after 30 months, Uiyagdongcham-ui was established in 1686 and Naechim-ui was established in 1718, increasing the chance for customary promotion. In the case of Naeui, the regulation for the Secretary General to raise the degree of official rank has been strengthened since the Cheoljong era. However, special promotions were frequent in the mid-19th century because the number of high-ranking officers increased compared to the previous period. In conclusion, the Naeui system in the late Joseon Dynasty changed in the direction of strengthening their own privileges. The Naeuiwon's quota was increased and promotion was guaranteed through the system and customs. Since the mid-18th century, there have been some regulatory restrictions, but the framework has not changed. This is confirmed not only in the regulations of the documents related to the Naeuiwon, but also in the Seungjeongwon Diary. Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy enjoyed superiority in promotion and status compared to other forms of technical bureaucracy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.76-93
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• 2017

This thesis recapitulates the current status of Nujeongs(樓亭) by the Han River(漢江) from the late Joseon dynasty, and to contemplate the possible options regarding their restoration. The book Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi(沿江亭?記) written by Eom Gyeong-su(嚴慶遂) in 1716 was selected as an object of study. After Hanyang was selected to be the capital of Joseon, Han River was considered to be the greatest venue to visit to take some time off and enjoy the view. The nobleman of the Joseon dynasty built Nujeongs around the riverside and enjoyed boating inthe current status of Nujeongs(樓亭) Han River. Eom Gyeong-su, after traveling on a boat to personally collect information, combined such information with preexisting information to create a well-organized and thorough list of the 29 Nujeongs built by the riverbank, which can be found in his book Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi. It is probable that a closer look into Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi will reveal more information regarding the general atmosphere of the era, which focused on the history and culture of Han River, and will also enable a more thorough research involving the Han River Nujeongs. The Nujeongs listed in Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi were analyzed in this paper. Based on the explanations found in Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi, the locations of the 29 Nujeongs were checked and reconfirmed, and the origins and the meanings behind their names were analyzed. In addition, the history of the Nujeongs were recapitulated with information gained from the basis of the fact that Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi was written in 1716, The origin of each Nujeongs were revisited, and the history of their change and demise were analyzed. Lastly, the sceneries around each Nujeongs were analyzed based on the poetries that were written and read in the respective Nujeongs, and the general taste for the arts in the era was analyzed. Some Nujeongs remain in the form of paintings, enabling us to take a closer look at the institutions and other aspects of the era. The analysis of Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi by this paper has revealed the location of some Han River Nujeongs that were unknown previously. Also, the revelation of some history regarding certain Nujeongs that were unknown previously has created an opportunity for the reinterpretation of the spaces surrounding Han River, and also the opportunity for a new story. Han River has lost most of its old self due to repeated exploitation. However, there are some areas where traces of the original form remains and that may be restored, and some areas may be relocated and restored based on existing paintings. Yeon-gang-jeong-sa-gi in particular may provide us with numerous possible options to reinvigorate and restructure the riverside with a more modern interpretation, especially in relation to the Han River cruise ship, as it is a book written after traveling Han River on a boat.