• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2008

We investigate the properties of (forcing)-implications, conjunctions and adjointness in a sense Morsi et.al [1,5].

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 2012

The Purpose of this study is to examine the inner symbolic meaning of the revenge movies, forcing on , , by producer Chan-Wook Park. This study was analyzed with theoretical frames of Greimas's and Lacan's desire theory. The results of this study is as follows: Main characters of these films were tangled each their with love, desire, angry, hate and revenge. They also had desires and needs of revenge caused by deficiency. These films represented blue as sorrow, depression, frigidness, loneliness and deficiency, red as love, desire, angry, hate and revenge, black as strong will, till-eat, death, violence and bloody-mindedness and white as forgiveness, expiation and salvation. The function of colors in conveying meaning was very effected to analyzing the visual power implications and psychological effects on human feelings that colors have in the movie.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.265-280
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• 2004

This paper presents some fundamental results on the dynamics of the periodic Karman wake behind a circular cylinder. The wake is treated like a dynamical system. External forcing is then introduced and its effect investigated. The main result obtained is the following. Perturbation of the wake, by controlled cylinder oscillations in the flow direction at a frequency equal to the Karman vortex shedding frequency, leads to instability of the Karman vortex structure. The resulting wake structure oscillates at half the original Karman vortex shedding frequency. For higher frequency excitation the primary pattern involves symmetry breaking of the initially shed symmetric vortex pairs. The Karman shedding phenomenon can be modeled by a nonlinear oscillator. The symmetrical flow perturbations resulting from the periodic cylinder excitation can also be similarly represented by a nonlinear oscillator. The oscillators represent two flow modes. By considering these two nonlinear oscillators, one having inline shedding symmetry and the other having the Karman wake spatio-temporal symmetry, the possible symmetries of subsequent flow perturbations resulting from the modal interaction are determined. A theoretical analysis based on symmetry (group) theory is presented. The analysis confirms the occurrence of a period-doubling instability, which is responsible for the frequency halving phenomenon observed in the experiments. Finally it is remarked that the present findings have important implications for vortex shedding control. Perturbations in the inflow direction introduce 'control' of the Karman wake by inducing a bifurcation which forces the transfer of energy to a lower frequency which is far from the original Karman frequency.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2012

In the theory of source-driven abyssal circulation, the forcing is usually assumed to be steady source (deep-water formation). In many cases, however, the deep-water formation occurs instantaneously and it is not clear whether the theory can be applied well in this case. An attempt is made to resolve this problem by using a simple reduced gravity model. The model basin has large depth change compared for its size, like the East Sea, such that isobaths nearly coincide with geostrophic contours. Deep-water is formed every year impulsively and flows into the model basin through the boundary. It is found that the circulation driven by the impulsive source is generally the same as that driven by a steady source except that the former has a seasonal fluctuation associated with unsteadiness of forcing. The magnitudes of both the annual average and seasonal fluctuations increase with the rate of deep-water formation. The problem can be approximated to that of linear diffusion of momentum with boundary flux, which well demonstrates the essential feature of abyssal circulation spun-up by periodic impulsive source. Although the model greatly idealizes the real situation, it suggests that abyssal circulation can be driven by a periodic impulsive source in the East Sea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Possible links among cosmic ray, cloud, and climate have scientific uncertainties. The reputed topics have been highly controversial during several decades. A link between the atmospheric ionization by galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which is modulated by solar activities, and global cloud cover was firstly proposed in 1997. Some researchers suggested that the GCR can stimulate the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere, and then the higher CCN concentrations may lead to an increase of cloud cover, resulting in a cooling of the Earth's climate, and vise versa. The CLOUD (Cosmic leaving outdoor droplets) experiment was designed to study the effect of GCR on the formation of atmospheric aerosols and clouds under precisely controlled laboratory conditions. A state-of-the-art chamber experiment has greatly advanced our scientific understanding of the aerosol formation in early stage and its nucleation processes if the GCR effect is considered or not. Many studies on the climate-GCR (or space weather) connection including the CLOUD experiment have been carried out during the several decades. Although it may not be easy to clarify the physical connection, the recent scientific approaches such as the laboratory experiments or modeling studies give some implications that the research definitively contributed to reduce the scientific uncertainties of natural and anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing as well as to better understand the formation processes of fine particulate matters as an important parameter of air quality forecast.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4487-4507
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• 2016

Recently tax authorities in the world have been adopting advanced information technology over the Internet into their processes. Websites that enable filing tax returns and paying tax electronically have been implemented in many countries. However, the tax authorities have difficulties in forcing the mandatory system because taxpayers do not feel comfortable with readily capturing their incomes by the system. This study aims to provide a guideline for successful implementation of the mandatory e-tax invoice system. First, the study foucsed on investigating whether the Korean e-tax invoice system was implemented successfully. Secondly, the study assessed actions that might contribute to its successful implementation. The analyses identify that establishing a free website for small-sized taxpayers and providing various issuing systems for diverse taxpayers are critical for its success. The results also enable the tax administrations aspiring to introduce a mandatory system to emphasize some specific actions, which have significant effects on its desired purposes. Finally, this study presents the various policy implications that previous studies have not provided.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2008

Given the industry's unprecedented attention and dedication of resources to voice recognition, this paper introduces and explores a novel idea generation technique whereby ideas are captured directly through verbalization rather than forcing group members to type ideas. A group simulator was used to measure the idea generation performance of individuals who input ideas verbally or via typing in the context of nominal and interacting groups. The results clearly indicate that verbal input represents a more desirable mechanism in a computer-mediated idea generation environment. Liberating group members from the keyboard produces remarkable performance gains. Verbalizing ideas helps individuals focus on analytical thinking and leverage group member ideas, ultimately facilitating the creation of ideas pools that are vastly superior in terms of quantity and quality. These effects were found across nominal and interacting groups. The implications of these results for future research and the design of technologies are discussed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.85.2-85.2
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• 2011

We investigate the driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence by including the effect of the expansion and collapse of background medium. The main goal is to quantify the evolution and saturation of the strength and characteristic length scales of magnetic fields in expanding and collapsing media. Our findings are as follows. First, with the expansion and collapse of background medium, the time evolution of the magnetic and kinetic energy densities depends on the nature of forcing as well as the rate of expansion and collapse. Second, at scales close to the energy injection (or driving) scale, the slope of magnetic field power spectrum shallows with expansion but steepens with collapse. Third, various characteristic length scales, relative to the energy injection scale, decrease with expansion but increase with collapse. We discuss the astrophysical implications of our results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

Highly competitive environment has been forcing e-commerce industries to seek strategies to achieve competitive advantages. Mobile payment is a kind of service that allows mobile phone user to easily and conveniently initiate payments and transfer funds using their mobile phone anytime, and anywhere. This study is designed to identify factors that affect the intention of continued use of mobile payment services between users in Korea and Laos. As a result, first, in the case of Korean consumers, system quality, information quality and service quality were shown to have a positive effect on trust and satisfaction. In addition, trust and satisfaction were shown to have a positive effect on continuance intention. Second, in the case of Laotian consumers, system quality and service quality were shown to have a positive effect on trust, and system quality and information quality were shown to have a positive effect on satisfaction. In addition, trust and satisfaction were shown to have a positive effect on continuance intention. The study has its implications by analyzing factors affecting the continuance intention with the comparison of the customers from a developed nation and a developing nation, providing a direction of development for developing competitive advantages for those in development. For the developed, the study provides a guideline of what to modify and supplement in cases of entering the markets of developing nations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.465-498
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• 2011

Concrete structures are generally cracked in flexural tension at working loads. Concrete beams with asymmetric section details and crack patterns exhibit different flexural rigidity depending upon the sense of the applied flexural moment. In this paper, three different models, having the same natural period, of such SDOF bilinear dynamical systems have been proposed. The Model-I and Model-II have constant damping coefficient, but the latter is characterized by two stiffness coefficients depending upon the sense of vibration amplitude. The Model-III, additionally, has two damping coefficients as well. In this paper, the dynamical response of Model-III to sinusoidal loading has been investigated and compared with that of Model-II studied earlier. It has been found that Model-III exhibits regular and irregular sub-harmonics, jump phenomena and strong sensitivity to initial conditions, forcing frequency, system period as well as the sense of peak sinusoidal force. The constant sustained load has been found to affect the natural period of the dynamical system. The predictions of Model-I have been compared with those of the approximate linear model adopted in present practice. The behaviour exhibited by different models of the SDOF cracked elastic concrete structures under working loads and the theoretical and practical implications of the approach followed have been critically evaluated.