• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Buckwheat protein isolate was tested for the effects of pH, addition of sodium chloride and heat treatment on solubility, emulsion capacities, emulsion stability, surface hydrophobicity, foam capacities and foam stability. The solubility of buckwheat protein isolate was affected by pH and showed the lowest value at pH 4.5, the isoelectric point of buckwheat protein isolate. The solubility significantly as the pH value reached closer to either ends of the pH, i.e., pH 1.0 and 11.0. The effects of NaCl concentration on solubility were as follows; at pH 2.0, the solubility significantly decreased when NaCl was added; at pH 4.5, it increased above 0.6 M; at pH 7.0 it increased; and at pH 9.0 it decreased. The solubility increased above $80^{\circ}C$, at all pH ranges. The emulsion capacity was the lowest at pH 4.5. It significantly increased as the pH approached higher acidic or alkalic regions. At pH 2.0, when NaCl was added, the emulsion capacity decreased, but it increased at pH 4.5 and showed the maximum value at pH 7.0 and 9.0 with 0.6 M and 0.8 M NaCl concentrations. Upon heating, the emulsion capacity decreased at acidic pH's but was maximised at pH 7.0 and 9.0 on $60^{\circ}C$ heat treatment. The emulsion stability was the lowest at pH 4.5 but increased with heat treatment. At acidic pH, the emulsion stability increased with the increase in NaCl concentration but decreased at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Generally, at other pH ranges, the emulsion stability was decreased with increased heating temperature. The surface hydrophobicity showed the highest value at pH 2.0 and the lowest value at pH 11.0. As NaCl concentrationed, the surface hydrophobicity decreased at acidic pH. The NaCl concentration had no significant effects on surface hydrophobicity at pH 7.0, 9.0 except for the highest value observed at 0.8 M and 0.4 M. At all pH ranges, the surface hydrophobicity was increased, when the temperature increased. The foam capacity decreased, with increased in pH value. At acidic pH, the foam capacity was decreased with the increased in NaCl concentration. The highest value was observed upon adding 0.2 M or 0.4 M NaCl at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Heat treatments of $60^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ showed the highest foam capacity values at pH 2.0 and 4.5, respectively. At pH 7.0 and 9.0, the foam capacity decreased with the increased in temperature. The foam stability was not significantly related to different pH values. The addition of 0.4 M NaCl at pH 2.0, 7.0 and 9.0 showed the highest stability and the addition of 1.0 M at pH 4.5 showed the lowest. The higher the heating temperature, the lower the foam stability at pH 2.0 and 9.0. However, the foam stability increased at pH 4.5 and 7.0 before reaching $80^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1998

While bacteriophage P2-P4 system is very useful experimental tool for the study of viral capsid assembly, there is no useful plasmid vector for the DNA manipulation in bacteriophage P2-P4 system. In this study, a new vector plasmid, P4 ash8 (sid71) kmr, was constructed by swapping the non-essential region of P4 DNA for kanamycin resistance(kmr) gene cassette of plasmid pUC4-K. P4 ash8 sid71 was starting material for the construction, since it tends to be maintained as a plasmid in the absence of the helper phage. The total size of this chimera was designed to be packaged into P4 or P2 size heads with induction by P2 infection. The conversion of plasmid P4 ash8 (sid71) kmr to bacteriophage was proved by burst size determination experiment and CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiment. Integrase destructed P4 derivative, P4 ash8 sid71 kmr intS, was able to be constructed easily by in vitro DNA manipulation of P4 ash8 sid71 kmr. The plasmid stability experiment with P4 ash8 sid71 kmr if/tS showed that the integrase of P4 affects the stable maintenance of plasmid P4 state.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

Purpose: The $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$ protein Inhibits the cell cycle by Inhibiting the phosphorylation at the $G1{\rightarrow}S$ check point, and the $p27^{kip1}$ protein similarly performs the suppressor function by controlling the p27-mediated G1 arrest. In this study, we analysed the clinical status and survival rates in correlations with p21 and p27 expression patterns in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 1997, 192 patients who underwent surgeries in Catholic Medical Center were analysed retrospectively in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and if the nuclei of the tumor cells were stained, we assumed those as positive results. Statistical analysis was based on clinicopathological findings and differences in survival rates. Results: The expression rate of p27 was 28.1% and 15.6% in p21 each. The ratio of T1-2(80.0%) was significantly high in p21 (+), but the ratio of T3-4 (50.6%) was slightly high in p21 (-). There was no statistical significance regarding other factors. The results in p27 was not much different from expression rate of p21 in T-stage. In addition, p27 expression in diffuse type (91.3%) was higher than in intestinal type (62.7%) by Lauren's classification (P<0.05). Also, there was no statistical significance in other factors. In the correlation of p21 and p27, p27 was positive when p21 was positive (53.5%). Conversely, p27 was negative when p21 was negative (76.5%, p<0.05). In the p21 and p27 combination test, there was higher rate of T1-2 (87.5%) in p21 (+)/p27 (+), and higher rate of T3-4 (58.1%) in p21 (-)/p27 (-) (P<0.05). Results showed higher rate of intestinal type (100%) in p21 (+)/p27 (+), and diffuse type (87.0%) was dominant in p21 (-)/p27 (-) (P<0.05) by Lauren's classification. Moreover, there was no statistical significance in the 5-year survival rate in the expression of p21 and p27, and the 5-year survival rate was highest in the case of p21 (+)/p27 (+) without statistical significance. Conclusion: In our study, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ expressed similar patterns. The expression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ affected the degree of invasiveness of the tumor, and. Combined examination result revealed the correlation of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ with Lauren's classification and depth of invasion of the tumor. However, we assumed that little difference between the survival rates depending on expression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ has limited their value as predictable prognostic indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1976

The kinetics of hydrolysis of hydrazonyl bromides $(p-H,\;p-CH_3,\;p-OCH_3,\;p-Br,\;p-Cl\;&\;p-NO_2)$ have been investigated by UV spectrometry in $60{\%}$ dioxane-water at $25^{\circ}C$ and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. Below pH2, the rate of hydrolysis of a series of hydrazonyl bromide is accelerated by electrondonating group (${\rho}$ = -0. 94) whereas at the pH values greater than 4, the ${\rho}$-value is 0.54. The rate equation, solvent-, substituent-and bromide ion-effect on the rate of hydrolysis are rationalized in terms of $S_N1$ and $S_N2$ mechanism: below pH 2, the hydrolysis proceed through $S_N2$, however, above pH 4, the hydrolysis is started by the attack of hydroxide ion and in the range pH 2{\sim}$4, these two reactions occur competitively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1993

The polyhedrin gene-containing DNA fragment of Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HcNPV) was localized by southern hybridization with Autographa california CPA EcoRI-I fragment (7.3 kb), Bombyx mori NPV PatI-F fragment (7 kb) and synthetic oligonucleotide(30-mer) as probes. the PstI-L(5.3 kb) fragment of HcNPV was cloned to E. coli and the plasmid of the fragment was named as pHcP-L(8.0 kb). The pHcP-L was physically mapped and subcloned to E. coli as pHcP-L1(4.7 kb), pHcP-L2(7.1 kb), pHcP-L3(5.3 kb), pHcP-L4(4.2 kb) and pHcP-L5(4.5 kb).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6039-6045
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• 2012

This study was conducted to assess the predictive value of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) and p53 immunoexpression in human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cases of cervical dysplasia. Expression of both p-gp and p53 proteins was detected in cervical smears from 177 squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) cases along with 183 "atypical squamous cells of unknown significance" (ASCUS) and 150 normal cases. HPV 16 and 18 infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers for HPV sub-types. There were no significant detectable p53 and p-gp expression in the normal cervix smears (p>0.05). In the ASCUS group 10 cases were positive for both p53 and p-gp immunoreactivity. In cervical dysplasia cases, p53 was positive in 86 (48.58%) while p-gp was positive in 93 (52.54%) and the two markers showed a highly significant correlation (r=0.92, p<0.001). Expression of p53 and p-gp was associated with grade of SIL (p<0.001). A positive correlation between the presence of HPV and expression of proteins p53 and p-gp in smears of patients with cervical lesions was also noted (p<0.001). Thus, p53 and p-gp immunostaining in cervical smears may act as an auxiliary biomarker for detection of HPV-associated cervical lesions. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between ascending grades of SIL and labeling indices of markers suggests that p53 and p-gp can be used as an adjunct to cytomorphological interpretation of conventional cervical Pap smears.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.150-157
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• 1978

The rate constants for the hydrolysis of the derivatives of N-(p-nitrophenyl)-benzohydrazonyl azide (p-$CH_3,\;p-CH_3O,\;p-NO_2$, p-Cl, p-Br) have been determined by UV spectrophotometry in 50% dioxane-water at $25^{\cicr}C$ and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. Below pH 5, the rate of hydrolysis of hydrazonyl azides is accelerated by electron-donating group ($\rho$ = -0.47), whereas at the pH values greater than 7, the $\rho$-value is 0.68. The effect of salt, solvent, substituent and azide ion on the rate of hydrolysis are rationalized in terms of $S_N1$ and $S_N2$ mechanism; below pH 5, the hydrolysis proceed through $S_N1$, however, above pH 7, the hydrolysis is started by the attack of hydroxide ion and in the range of pH 5∼7, these two reactions occur competitively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2011

This research was carried out to elucidate the impacts of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration to phosphorus release mechanism from soil into water in lakes. $PO_4-P$ contributed to the growth of the total phosphorus (T-P). $PO_4-P$ was steadily increasing because water was accumulating $PO_4-P$. T-P was closely related to turbidity, pH, and DO. We found that DO had decreased because DO was consumed in organic matter decomposition, and that the resulting anaerobic decomposition occurred whenever water had run out of DO. We also found that pH had decreased sharply by production of organic acid by the anaerobic decomposition and that T-P decreased because a decrease in pH removed turbidity by precipitation. T-P was dissolved without microbial decomposition. This mechanism was of great importance in lakes because phosphorus is released from soil into water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-296
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• 2007

To increase phosphate (P) availability in soils, the efficiency of silicate (Si) in reducing P adsorption was investigated by competitive adsorption tests under changing conditions of pH, ion concentrations, and order of anion addition along with single adsorption properties of each ion at $20^{\circ}C$. In the single ion adsorption study, P and Si ions showed the opposite reaction patterns: phosphate adsorption decreased with increasing pH and attained adsorption maximum however, silicate adsorption increased with increasing pH without attaining adsorption maximum. Phosphorus and Si adsorption were influenced by pH in the range of 5.0 - 9.0 and the type and amount of P and Si concentration. Silicate added to soil before P or in a mixture with P significantly reduced P adsorption above pH 7.0; however, there was no significant Si-induced decreased in P adsorption at pH 5.0 when anions were added as mixture. The efficiency of Si in reducing P adsorption increased with increasing Si concentration and pH. The effect of P on Si adsorption was relatively small at pH 5.0 and no effect of P on silicate adsorption was observed at pH 9.0. The presence of Si strongly depressed P adsorption when Si was added before P compared to P and Si added as a mixture. These results suggest that application of Si may decrease P adsorption and increase the availability of P in soils. Furthermore, a Si source would be better to add before P application to enhance the availability of P in soils.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1990

To develop the new strains of microorganisms having the degradative ability for various aromatic hydrocarbons, the hybrid plasmid pKG2 having the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) degradative genes, the hybrid plasmid pKG3 containg the naphthalene degradative genes and TOL plasmid were introduced into Pseudomonas putida KUD 12 and P. putida KUP 10 by transformation or conjugation which originally have the degradative ability of the synthetic surfactants and phthalate esters, respectively. From P. putida KUD12, the new strains of P. putida KUD101(pKG2), KUD102(pKG3), KUD103(TOL), and KUD202(pKG3, TOL) were obtained, and KUD106(pKG2), KUD107(pKG3), KUD108(TOL) were originated from the P.putida KUP10. The degradative abilities in P. putida KUD101, KUD102 and KUD107 were similar with those of the original strains. The P. putida KUD103, KUD106 and KUD202 had a little lower and P. putida KUD108 had a better degradative abilitie than those of the original ones. In the case of mixed cultures, the mixed culture of KUD107 and KUD108 had a better degradative abilities than those of the other mixed cultures.