• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

Diallel crosses among six silkworm varieties were used as the materials by the randomized block design. and combining ability tests were conducted to determine the relationships between parents and their F$_1$ hybrids. The six parents and their 30 F$_1$ crosses were evaluated for five quantitative characters in each female and male silkworms. Mean values of period(days) of larval stage in mid-parent were more than those of each F$_1$ hybrids. Highly significant differences were shown in the total cocoon weight and weight of cocoon layer of silkworms in F$_1$ hybrids of 111$\times$114, 111$\times$ yunil, 114$\times$yunil and those of reciprocal crosses. From the results, it was recognized that varieties A(111), D(114) and F(yunil) were useful varieties as the parents in breeding of silkworms for increasing the total cocoon weight and weight of cocoon layer, etc. Differences among crosses in apparent degree of heterosis existed for total cocoon weight of cocoon layer and cocoon layer ratio, etc. Mean square values of GCA (general combining ability) were more greater than those of SCA(specific combining ability) for period(days) of larval stage, period (days) of 5th instar and cocoon layer ratio of silkworms. The effects of GCA were differ from parents and characters and the effects of SCA were also differ from parents, characters and crosses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1302-1310
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a web-based nutrition counseling could lead to beneficial outcomes in food intake and serum lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia. Forty hyperlipidemic patients, twenty of them were hypercholesterolemia and the other twenty were hypertriglyceridemia, participated in a web-based nutrition counseling program. At the first nutrition counseling, the patients were counselled through interview and then follow up nutrition counseling was accomplished four times during eight weeks through a web-based internet program. Various markers of disease risk including anthropometric indices, food intakes and serum lipid levels were measured before and after the web-based nutrition counseling. After nutrition counseling, body mass index significantly decreased in both groups and waist to hip ratio significantly decreased in male hypercholesterolemic patients (p<0.05). Total-cholesterol decreased from 262.2 mg/dL to 234.9 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol decreased from 186.8 mg/dL to 160.5 mg/dL in hypercholesterolemic patients, triglyceride decreased from 288.6 mg/dL to 211.9 mg/dL and total-cholesterol decreased from 217.2 mg/dL to 198.7 mg/dL in hypertriglyceridemic patients after nutrition counseling. Anthropometric value and nutrient intakes were improved after nutrition counseling. Energy, fat and saturated fatty acid intakes decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Therefore, this study shows that the web-based nutrition counseling is effective in improving food habit and influences positively in serum lipid levels of the patients. In addition, these results indicate that internet presents us with potential as a new medium for nutrition counseling in informationized society.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.28-34
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• 2006

Laboratory column tests using $Cl^-$ tracer were conducted to study the correlation of soil particle distribution and hydrodynamic dispersion mechanism with three kinds of ununiformed soil samples, in which the ratio of gravel and sand versus silt and clay is 24.5 for S-1 soil, 4.48 for S-2 soil, and 0.4 for S-3 soil. Chloride breakthrough curves with time were fitted with gaussian functions. The relative concentrations of chloride were converged to 1.0 after 0.7 hours for S-1, 6.3 hours for S-2, and 389 hours for S-3. Average linear velocity, longitudinal dispersion coefficient, and longitudinal dispersivity were calculated by chloride breakthrough curves. Longitudinal dispersion coefficients were $1.20{\times}10^{-4}\;m^2/sec$ for S-1, $8.87{\times}10^{-7}\;m^2/sec$ for S-2, and $1.94{\times}10^{-9}\;m^2/sec$ for S-3. Peclet numbers calculated by the molecular diffusion coefficient of chloride and the mean grain diameters of soils were $2.59{\times}10^2$ for S-1, $6.27{\times}10^0$ for S-2, and $1.35{\times}10^{-4}$ for S-3. Mechanical dispersion was dominant for the hydrodynamic dispersion mechanism of S-1. Both mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion were dominant for the hydrodynamic dispersion mechanism of S-2, but mechanical dispersion was ascendant over molecular diffusion. Hydrodynamic dispersion in S-3 was occurred mainly by molecular diffusion. When plotting three soils on the graph of $D_L/D_m$ versus Peclet number produced by Bijeljic and Blunt (2006), the values of $D_L/D_m$ for S-1 and S-2 were more than 2.0 order compared to their graph. S-3 was not plotted on their graph because the Peclet number was as small as $1.35{\times}10^{-4}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1546-1552
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• 2012

A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows ($106{\pm}24$ d post-partum; mean${\pm}$SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.774-781
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• 2012

This study investigated dose-response effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) on glucose metabolism and the antioxidant system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male ICR mice were fed with a HFD (37% calories from fat) for 4 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice were supplemented with two doses of CA (0.02% and 0.05%, wt/wt) for 6 weeks. Both doses of CA significantly improved fasting blood glucose level, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance without any changes in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. Plasma leptin concentration was significantly higher in the CA-supplemented groups than in the diabetic control group. Both doses of CA significantly increased hepatic glucokinase activity and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control group. The ratio of glucokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase was dose-independently higher in CA-supplemented mice than in diabetic control mice. CA supplementation dose-independently elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, whereas it lowered lipid peroxide levels compared to the diabetic control mice in the liver and erythrocyte. These results suggest that low-dose CA may be used as a hypoglycemic agent in a high-fat diet and STZ-induced diabetic mice.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the changes of physico-chemical characteristics in crossbred pigs (Korean native breed ${\times}$ Landrace breed) by carcass grade. Research was conducted on 250 pigs divided into 5 carcass grade groups. Cooking loss have significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher carcass grade. However, water content, crude fat, pH and shear force have no difference. In meat color, a＊ was significantly (p<0.05) higher in C and D grade, whereas A grade was lower than those of others. L＊ and b＊ did not different among the carcass grades. In fat color, A and E grade were significantly (p<0.05) higher in b＊ and, C was lower than those of others. Adhesiveness and Gumminess of cooked meat were significantly (p<0.05) higher when carcass grade was higher. However hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and brittleness were not different among the carcass grades. Palmitic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher carcass grades and, saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid ratio was lower, whereas other fatty acids compositions had no difference among the carcass grades.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

Recently, an optics-based concentrator for solar concentration has been a key issue in development of photovoltaic systems. In the present study, a new, simple, easily producible planar concentrator based on a light guide system is proposed. In this device, solar light is concentrated by microprism optical patterns guiding the light, mainly through total reflection and refraction. The main design variables of the concentrator are the geometric concentration ratio ($R_c$) and the ${\Theta}_1$ and ${\Theta}_2$ of the microprism pattern. Ray tracing was simulated using commercial software, SPEOS, and the optical efficiencies of the light guide solar concentrator were predicted in each case. The predicted maximum optical efficiencies are 65.60%, 54.78%, and 46.78%, respectively, for $R_c$ values of 4, 5, and 6. The variation of the optical efficiencies according to ${\Theta}_1$, ${\Theta}_2$, and the incline angle of the incident light were predicted.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2001

Mechanical properties and their adhesion behavior with zinc- and brass-plated steel cords of natural rubber/acrylonitrile-butadiene blend compounds were investigated as a function of blend ratio. The Mooney viscosity and stress relaxation time were found to be lowered with increasing NBR content. Tensile modulus generally increased with increasing NBR content. Tensile stress at break stayed constant up to about 40 phr and showed minimum at $50{\sim}60 phr$, and thereafter increased with increasing NBR content. Strain at break decreased linearly below 50 phr, and above the level it showed nearly constant value. Based on the abrupt drops in elastic modulus and tan ${\delta}$ peak, the glass transition temperature of NR and NBR were found to be -55 and $-10^{\circ}C$, respectively. In the case of NR/NBR blend compounds, two distinct transition points were observed and each transition position was not affected by NBR level indicating an incompatible nature of NR/NBR blend system. The pullout force and rubber coverage decreased to the level of about 40% to that of pure m compound, when the 50 phr of NR was replaced by NBR. However, the pure NBR compound showed the comparable adhesion performance with NR(${\sim}90%$). The sulfur concentration was found to become lower with the increased NBR content at the adhesion interface based on the Auger spectrometer results, representing a lack of adhesion layer formation, and this was explained for a possible cause of low adhesion performance with adding NBR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2009

The acidolysis was performed to produce structured lipid with palm mid fraction (PMF) and stearic acid for 7, 24, and 36 hr at $70^{\circ}C$. The reaction was catalyzed by lipozyme TLIM (immobilized lipase from Thermonyces lanuginosa, amount of 10% and 20% by weight of total substrates) in the shaking water bath. The reaction conditions for maximum incorporation of stearic acid on the structured lipid were obtained when molar ratio of PMF and stearic acid was 1:2; concentration of lipozyme TLIM was 20wt%; reaction temperature was $70^{\circ}C$; and reaction time was 36 hr. After reaction under this condition, incorporation of stearic acid in the structured lipid was obtained up to 36.3% while the major components of triacylglycerol were 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-stearoylglycerol (PPS, 28.19 area%), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoylglycerol (POS/PSO, 20.70 area%) and 1-palmitoyl-2,3-distearoylglycerol (PSS, 18.13 area%). However, the fatty acid composition at the sn-2 position suggested that the positional specificity of lipozyme TLIM was not observed due to the acyl migration.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2005

An electronic nose equipped with metal oxide sensor(MOS) was used for investigating the quality of reconstitute orange juice added different recoverable oil(cold pressed valencia oil) contents during 21 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Quality changes in orange juice was described in terms of the sensitivity(${\Delta}R_{gas}/R_{air}$) of the sensors. Principal component analysis(PCA) was carried out using data obtained from twelve metal oxide sensors. The flavor of orange juice contained with the different recoverable oil contents($0.01\%{\sim}0.05\%$) was separated in PCA plot, in which the first principal component score was correlated with the content of recoverable oil. As storage periods prolonged, no significantly different sensitivity score of orange juice was observed in electronic nose. The content of recoverable oil in orange juice was reduced rapidly within 14 days, and then the decreasing ratio was slow on the next 7 days during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The sensory score for overall and orange flavor of orange juice added $0.03\%$ recoverable oil was decreased during the 14 days and then rapidly dropped next 7 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$.