Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Alcohol Fermented Feed on Lactating Performance, Blood Metabolites, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Cholesterol Content in Holstein Lactating Cows

  • Li, X.Z. (Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University) ;
  • Park, B.K. (Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD.) ;
  • Yan, C.G. (Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University) ;
  • Choi, J.G. (Deahan Livestock and Feed Co., LTD.) ;
  • Ahn, J.S. (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Shin, J.S. (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2012.05.07
  • Accepted : 2012.06.26
  • Published : 2012.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows ($106{\pm}24$ d post-partum; mean${\pm}$SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.

Keywords

References

  1. Allison, M. J., J. A. Bucklin and R. W. Dougherty. 1964. Ruminal changes after overfeeding with wheat and the effect of intraruminal inoculation on adaptation to a ration containing wheat. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1164-1171.
  2. Anbarasu, C., D. Narayan, K. Shama and U. Naulia. 2002. Blood biochemical profile and rumen fermentation pattern of goats fed leaf meal mixture or conventional cakes as dietary protein supplements. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:665-670. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.665
  3. AOAC. 1995. Official methods of analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, 269 USA.
  4. Byers, F. M., R. D. Goodrich and J. C. Meiske. 1982. Influence of acetic acid, lactic acid and ethanol on the fermentation of com silage. J. Anim. Sci. 54:640-648.
  5. Burning, C. L. and M. T. Yokoyama. 1988. Characteristics of live and killed brewer's yeast slurries and intoxication by intraruminal administration to cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 66:585-591.
  6. Chaney, E. L. and E. P. Marbach. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin. Chem. 8:130-133.
  7. Chen, K. J., D. F. Jan, P. W. S. Chiou and D. W. Yong. 2002. Effects of dietary heat extruded soybean meal and protected fat supplement on the production, blood and ruminal characteristics of Holstein cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:821-827. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.821
  8. Czerkawski, J. W. and G. Breckenbridge. 1972. Fermentation of various glycolytic intermediates and other compounds by rumen micro-organisms, with particular reference to methane production. Br. J. Nutr. 27:131-146. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19720077
  9. Dulphy, J. P. and C. Demarquilly. 1981. Problèmes particuliers aux ensilages. In: Prevision de la valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants (Ed. C. Demarquilly, INRA Publications, Versailles. 81-104.
  10. Durix, A., C. Jean-Blain, H. P. Sallmann and J. P. Jouany. 1991. Use of semicontinuous culture system (RUSITEC) to study the metabolism of ethanol in the rumen and its effects on ruminal digestion. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:115-123. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-013
  11. Folch, J., M. Lee and G. H. Sloan-Stanley. 1957. A sample method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497-509.
  12. Jean-Blain, C., A. Durix and B. Tranchant. 1992. Kinetics of ethanol metabolism in sheep. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 32:83-90. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19920109
  13. Kristensen, N. B., A. Storm, B. M. L. Raun, B. A. Røjen and D. L. Harmon. 2007. Metabolism of silage alcohols in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:1364-1377. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71623-5
  14. Laukova, A. and M. Marounek. 1992. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of staphylococci isolated from the rumen of young calves and lambs. Zentralbl. Microbiol. 147:489-494.
  15. Lepage, G. and C. C. Roy. 1986. Direct trans-esterification of all classes of lipid in a one-step reaction. J. Lipid Res. 27:114-221.
  16. Lin, G. Z., B. W. Kim, C. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, K. I. Sung, S. J. Ohh, B. J. Hong and J. S. Shin. 2004. Changes in serum metabolites and growth characteristics of Korean native steers fed alcohol-fermented feeds. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:648-654. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.648
  17. Lin, G. Z. 2001. Nutritional metabolism of alcohol-fermented feedstuffs in the rumen of Korean beef cattle. Ph. D. Dissertation, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
  18. Moomaw, R. C. and R. E. Hungate. 1963. Ethanol convertion in the bovine rumen. J. Bacteriol. 85:721-722.
  19. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
  20. Pearce, J. 1996. Effects of milk and fermented dairy products on the blood cholesterol content and profile of mammals in relation to coronary heart disease. Int. Dairy J. 6:661-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-6946(95)00011-9
  21. Pradhan, K. and R. W. Hemken. 1970. Utilization of ethanol and its effect on fatty acid patterns in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 53:1739-1746. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(70)86472-4
  22. Randby, A. T., I. Selmer-Olsen and L. Baevre. 1999. Effect of ethanol in feed on milk flavor and chemical composition. J. Dairy Sci. 82:420-428. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75248-3
  23. Rooke, J. A., F. M. Maya, J. A. Arnold and D. G. Armstrong. 1988. The chemical composition and nutritive value of grass silages prepared with no additive or with the application of additives containing either lnaobacillus plantarum or formic acid. Grass For. Sci. 43:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02144.x
  24. Roseler, D. K., F. D. Ferguson, C. F. Sniffen and I. Herrema. 1993. Dietary protein degradability effects on plasma and milk urea nitrogen and milk non-protein nitrogen in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:525-534. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77372-5
  25. SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS/SAT user's guide: Version 9. 2th edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
  26. Shin, J. S. 1995. Effect of fermented alcoholic feedstuff, recombinant bovine somatotropin and castration on high quality beef production. Ph. D. Dissertation, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
  27. Simion,V. E., P. Gheorghe, P. Elena, B. Luiza and P. Monica. 2010. Alteration of some biochemical and haematological parameters in the dairy cows due to the intake of mycotoxin contaminated feeds. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 43:100-104.
  28. Teunissen, M. J., E. P. W. Kets, H. J. M. Op den Camp, J. H. J. Huis in′t Veld and G. D. Vogels. 1992. Effect of coculture of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminants and non-ruminants with methanogenic bacteria on cellulytic and xylanolytic enzyme activities. Arch. Microbiol. 157:176-182.
  29. Yan, C. G. 1998. Effects of alcohol-fermented feedstuff on quality meat production in Hanwoo. Ph. D. Dissertation, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
  30. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Cited by

  1. Dietary effects of lutein-fortified chlorella on milk components of Holstein cows vol.5, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2622-6