• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.1 s.104
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• pp.71-76
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• 2006

To obtain a correctly translated sentence in a machine translation system, we must select target words that not only reflect an appropriate meaning in a source sentence but also make a fluent sentence in a target language. This paper points out that a source language word has various senses and each sense can be mapped into multiple target words, and proposes a new translation disambiguation method based on this 'word-to-sense and sense-to-word' relationship. In my method target words are chosen through disambiguation of a source word sense and selection of a target word. Most of translation disambiguation methods are based on a 'word-to-word' relationship that means they translate a source word directly into a target wort so they require complicate knowledge sources that directly link a source words to target words, which are hard to obtain like bilingual aligned corpora. By combining two sub-problems for each language, knowledge for translation disambiguation can be automatically extracted from knowledge sources for each language that are easy to obtain. In addition, disambiguation results satisfy both fidelity and intelligibility because selected target words have correct meaning and generate naturally composed target sentences.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

Word representation, an important area in natural language processing(NLP) used machine learning, is a method that represents a word not by text but by distinguishable symbol. Existing word embedding employed a large number of corpora to ensure that words are positioned nearby within text. However corpus-based word embedding needs several corpora because of the frequency of word occurrence and increased number of words. In this paper word embedding is done using dictionary definitions and semantic relationship information(hypernyms and antonyms). Words are trained using the feature mirror model(FMM), a modified Skip-Gram(Word2Vec). Sense similar words have similar vector. Furthermore, it was possible to distinguish vectors of antonym words.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.493-501
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• 2022

This paper is a study on context-sensitive spelling error correction and uses the Korean WordNet (KorLex)[1] that defines the relationship between words as a graph to improve the performance of the correction[2] based on the vector information of the word embedded in the correction technique. The Korean WordNet replaced WordNet[3] developed at Princeton University in the United States and was additionally constructed for Korean. In order to learn a semantic network in graph form or to use it for learned vector information, it is necessary to transform it into a vector form by embedding learning. For transformation, we list the nodes (limited number) in a line format like a sentence in a graph in the form of a network before the training input. One of the learning techniques that use this strategy is Deepwalk[4]. DeepWalk is used to learn graphs between words in the Korean WordNet. The graph embedding information is used in concatenation with the word vector information of the learned language model for correction, and the final correction word is determined by the cosine distance value between the vectors. In this paper, In order to test whether the information of graph embedding affects the improvement of the performance of context- sensitive spelling error correction, a confused word pair was constructed and tested from the perspective of Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD). In the experimental results, the average correction performance of all confused word pairs was improved by 2.24% compared to the baseline correction performance.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

This paper identifies technology trends of national research and development (national R&D) by exploiting Korean national R&D patents, ranging from 2007 to 2010. In this paper, co-word analysis (CWA), which is a method to identify the relationship among technology terms by using their co-occurrences, is incorporated into network analysis to visualize the relationships among technology keywords of national R&D patents and calculate network indexes concerning inter-relationship diversity and strength of technology keywords. As a result, this research found that inter-relationship among technology keywords in national R&D are getting increasingly strengthening in an overall sense. In addition, the keyword inter-relationship diversity-strength map proposed in this paper revealed some significant technological keywords of national R&D : core technology keywords including "sensor", "film" and "fuel" and emerging keywords including "biosensor" and "thermoelectric". Because the proposed approach helps identify interdisciplinary trends of technology keywords from a massive volume of national R&D patents in a visual and quantitative way, we expect that the approach can be incorporated as a preliminary into the R&D planning process to assist R&D policy makers to understand technology convergence of national R&D and develop relevant R&D policies.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.37-57
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• 2022

Purpose -International diplomacy is key for the cohesive economic growth of countries around the world. This study aims to identify the major topics discussed and make sense of word pairs used in sentences by Chinese senior leaders during their diplomatic visits. It also compares the differences between key topics addressed during diplomatic visits to developed and developing countries. Design/methodology - We employed three methods: word frequency, co-word, and semantic network analysis. Text data are crawling state and official visit news released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China regarding diplomatic visits undertaken from 2015-2019. Findings - The results show economic and diplomatic relations most prominently during state and official visits. The discussion topics were classified according to nine centrality keywords most central to the structure and had the maximum influence in China. Moreover, the results showed that China's diplomatic issues and strategies differ between developed and developing countries. The topics mentioned in developing countries were more diverse. Originality/value - Our study proposes an effective approach to identify key topics in Chinese diplomatic talks with other countries. Moreover, it shows that discussion topics differ for developed and developing countries. The findings of this research can help researchers conduct empirical studies on diplomacy relationships and extend our method to other countries. Additionally, it can significantly help key policymakers gain insights into negotiations and establish a good diplomatic relationship with China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.5 s.58
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• pp.833-843
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of logomark in unisex casual apparel brand. For this study, first 36 unisex casual apparel brands were selected from the Dictionary of Fashion Brand, second analyzed the common word showing in them. Third, the logomark of the unisex casual apparel brand were classified into two types according to the typeface character of the logomark, there were serif typeface, sans-serif typeface. Fourth, analyzed the relationship between the typeface image of logomark and brand concept. The results of the study were following : First, the common word that used the most frequently in brand concept were investigated and the order of common word was reasonable, comfort or natural, practical, modern, traditional and basic. Second, The unisex casual apparel brand used the most frequently the sans-serif typeface that represents the images of simple, modern and active sense in the typeface of logomark. Third, the unisex apparel brands used the most frequently English as brand name among the various languages. Fourth, the unisex casual apparel brands were lanuched mostly except several of them after 1990.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

Purpose: Usage of leisure-sport social media would lengthen and strengthen the effects of positive event experiences on WOM behavior. This study is to examine the extent to which leisure sport social media use has the moderating potential to enhance the direction of the relationship between post-event emotions and event WOM behavior. Research design, data and methodology: A running event located in a major metropolitan area in the southeastern United States was selected. Participants of the running events completed the survey. Descriptive analysis and correlations between primary variables of interest were conducted. To examine interactions within the context of moderated regression, a hierarchical regression analysis was employed. Results: The results confirmed direct effects of a sense of achievement and event satisfaction on event WOM intention, supporting H 1 and H2. In specific, result revealed that the amount of time spending on social media for running content moderated the effect of a sense of achievement on event WOM intention, supporting H3, however, H4 was rejected. Conclusions: There are managerial implications of these results, particularly which pertain to how organizers may be able to use perceived benefits (i.e., a sense of achievement and satisfaction) and social media to increase positive WOM intention.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.78
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• pp.31-54
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• 2018

'맞다(right)', which is inversely related to 'teullida', has a synonymic relationship with '같다(same)' depending on the sense. Naturally, the '같다' is usually inversely related to '다르다(be different)' as symmetry verb. The meaning of '다르다' is 'teullida' and there is a close meaning relationship network in the network of words. In other words, the process acting as a driver of the expansion of meanings based on the antonym-relation of (1)'틀리다${\leftrightarrow}$맞다', and the s?ynonym-relation of (2)'맞다 = 같다' forms a network, and the relation between them and the opposite semantics is (3)'같다=맞다${\leftrightarrow}$다르다'. And many of today's speakers speak (4)'teullida' of [difference]. Therefore, after the application of the synonymic analogy, eventually, the antonymic analogy is formed, and the word formed is 'teullida' of [difference]. This, of course, forms another type of enlargement of the meaning.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.260-280
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• 2020

Cyber-attacks emerge in a more intelligent way, and various security technologies are applied to respond to such attacks. Still, more and more people agree that individual response to each intelligent infringement attack has a fundamental limit. Accordingly, the cyber threat intelligence analysis technology is drawing attention in analyzing the attacker group, interpreting the attack trend, and obtaining decision making information by collecting a large quantity of cyber-attack information and performing relation analysis. In this study, we proposed relation analysis factors and developed a system for establishing cyber threat intelligence, based on malicious code as a key means of cyber-attacks. As a result of collecting more than 36 million kinds of infringement information and conducting relation analysis, various implications that cannot be obtained by simple searches were derived. We expect actionable intelligence to be established in the true sense of the word if relation analysis logic is developed later.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2007

The word "Loss" means being deprived a person's meaningful property, people or idea by irresistible force, and it is not avoidable in one's life. Especially, the elderly have higher possibility to experience this "Loss" than any other age groups on account of their characteristics. Feeling grief of loss after going through any kind of loss is natural and normal. However, if someone has severe trouble with overcoming this grief, it would affect negatively to his/her psychological or social inelastic. Therefore, we tried to find out which factors consists the "Grief of loss" and how it affects on the elderly's quality of life, especially on the sense of ego-integrity through this study. 97 of the elderly over age 65 participated in the survey and the results as follow; grief of loss is classified into four factors, 'economical loss', 'loss from being parted by death', 'loss of physical functions' and 'loss of relations'. These four factors of "Grief of loss" showed negative correlations with the scores of the sense of ego-integrity factors except 'acceptance of death'. Especially, the 'economical loss' affects on every factor of the sense of ego-integrity negatively except 'acceptance of death' and 'acceptance of aging'. Moreover, 'loss of physical functions' and 'loss of relations' affect negatively on elderly's satisfaction to their lives. On the other hand, the 'loss from being parted by death' of "Grief of loss" and 'acceptance of death' of the sense of ego-integrity showed no statistically significant effect in every process of analysis.