• Title/Summary/Keyword: 'ㅗ'

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Speech Recognition of the Korean Vowel 'ㅗ' Based on Time Domain Waveform Patterns (시간 영역 파형 패턴에 기반한 한국어 모음 'ㅗ'의 음성 인식)

  • Lee, Jae Won
    • KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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    • v.22 no.11
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    • pp.583-590
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    • 2016
  • Recently, the rapidly increasing interest in IoT in almost all areas of casual human life has led to wide acceptance of speech recognition as a means of HCI. Simultaneously, the demand for speech recognition systems for mobile environments is increasing rapidly. The server-based speech recognition systems are typically fast and show high recognition rates; however, an internet connection is necessary, and complicated server computation is required since a voice is recognized by units of words that are stored in server databases. In this paper, we present a novel method for recognizing the Korean vowel 'ㅗ', as a part of a phoneme based Korean speech recognition system. The proposed method involves analyses of waveform patterns in the time domain instead of the frequency domain, with consequent reduction in computational cost. Elementary algorithms for detecting typical waveform patterns of 'ㅗ' are presented and combined to make final decisions. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 89.9% recognition accuracy.

Frequency of grammar items for Korean substitution of /u/ for /o/ in the word-final position (어말 위치 /ㅗ/의 /ㅜ/ 대체 현상에 대한 문법 항목별 출현빈도 연구)

  • Yoon, Eunkyung
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2020
  • This study identified the substitution of /u/ for /o/ (e.g., pyəllo [pyəllu]) in Korean based on the speech corpus as a function of grammar items. Korean /o/ and /u/ share the vowel feature [+rounded], but are distinguished in terms of tongue height. However, researchers have reported that the merger of Korean /o/ and /u/ is in progress, making them indistinguishable. Thus, in this study, the frequency of the phonetic manifestation /u/ of the underlying form of /o/ for each grammar item was calculated in The Korean Corpus of Spontaneous Speech (Seoul Corpus 2015) which is a large corpus from a total of 40 speakers from Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. It was then confirmed that linking endings, particles, and adverbs ending with /o/ in the word-final position were substituted for /u/ approximately 50% of the stimuli, whereas, in nominal items, they were replaced at a frequency of less than 5%. The high rates of substitution were the special particle "-do[du]" (59.6%) and the linking ending "-go[gu]" (43.5%) among high-frequency items. Observing Korean pronunciation in real life provides deep insight into its theoretical implications in terms of speech recognition.

A Study on Legibility of the Hangul(Korean) Letters (한글의 가독도에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Seok-Hyon
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 1998
  • In order to examine the legibility of the Hangul letters which is a syllabic, the three kind of visual charts were made of the ninety eight($14{\times}7$) Hangul Gothic type letters by the laser printer. These Hangul letters were constructed with the 13 consonant letters which are 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ', and the 6 vowel letters which are 'ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ'. The two examination methods were used, One is the discriminating the letters on the visual chart by men having 1.5 visual acuity. The other is the using the laser printer's resolution. Obtained data by these examination methods are the minimum readable size values of the letters and the maximum readable distance values from the reader to the objects. From these data the relative legibility of the Hangul letters were calculated, where the letter ㄱ was chosen for the standard. This resultant data were analyzed. In this result, the mean legibility of these Hangul letters descended in the order of 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㅅ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㅇ, ㅁ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ' Which are the consonant letters being in these letters. And the mean legibility descended in 'ㅣ, ㅡ, ㅏ, ㅗ, ㅓ, ㅜ' order. The mean legibility is dependent on used consonant letter more then on used vowel.

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An Analysis of Korean Monophthongs Produced by Korean Native Speakers and Adult Learners of Korean (한국인과 한국어 학습자의 단모음 발화)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ah;Kim, Da-Hee;Rhee, Seok-Chae
    • MALSORI
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    • no.65
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    • pp.13-36
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    • 2008
  • This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics of Korean vowel production by 12 Korean native speakers and 36 adult learners. The analyses have been performed with investigations of F1and F2 values. Results showed that there's no significant difference between /ㅔ/ and /H/ and between /ㅗ/ and /ㅜ/ in Korean native speakers' pronunciations. The distinguishing tendencies found in the analyses of foreign learners' pronunciations are fronting and lowering of /ㅗ/ by English speakers, backing and heightening of /ㅓ/ by Japanese speakers and backing and lowering of /ㅏ/ by Chinese speakers. For the limitations of this paper, it has a meaning of a preliminary study and could be developed into further research to show the order of acquisition and L1 transference.

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A Comparative Study on the Vowel Formants between Generations in Daegu dialect - In the case of word-initial vowels - (대구 지역어의 세대 간 단모음 포먼트 비교 연구 - 어두 모음을 대상으로 -)

  • Jang, Hye-Jin;Shin, Ji-Young
    • Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.97-100
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    • 2005
  • The aim of the present study is to compare the vowel formants between generations in Daegu dialect. 20 Daegu dialect speakers were participated in this study; 10 were in their 40's, the other 10were in their 20's. As a result, the distance of /ㅣ/ and /ㅐ/, and, /ㅡ/ and /ㅓ/ in 20's is further than 40's, while the distance of /ㅗ/ and in 20's is closer than 40's. It seems reasonable to conclude that vowels in Daegu dialect change to have their own stable space, but /ㅗ/ and /ㅜ/ does not.

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A Formant Study of Korean Vowels Produced by Japanese Learners of Korean (일본인 한국어 학습자의 한국어 모음 포먼트 연구)

  • Kim, Hee-Sung;Song, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Kee-Ho
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.67-82
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate formant characteristics of Korean monophthongs spoken by Japanese learners and to compare the characteristics of vowels produced by the Japanese learners with those of the Korean native speakers. The data consisted of three categories: eight vowels in isolation, words including eight vowels in carrier sentences, and words including eight vowels in natural sentences. In this study, formant frequencies of the vowels were measured by Wave Surfer. It was assumed that the formant frequencies of the Korean vowels produced by the Japanese learners could be different from those of the Korean native speakers due to the influence of their own Japanese vowels. Results of this study showed that the Japanese learners had the difficulties to distinguish between the pairs /-/and /ㅜ/, /ㅓ/and /ㅗ/, and /ㅏ/and /ㅔ/. In Japanese vowels, F2 frequency value of /ㅜ/ was similar to that of the Korean /-/. It means that when the Japanese leaners produced Korean /ㅜ/, they might neutralize /-/ and /ㅜ/. Besides, there were not /ㅓ/and /ㅐ/ in Japanese vowels. Therefore, they tended to pronounce /ㅓ/ similar to /ㅗ/ which has the most similar formant frequency value with that of /ㅓ/, and /ㅐ/ was pronounced similar to /ㅔ/ for the same reason.

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THE STUDY OF PHONETIC CHANGE AFTER THE ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY FOR THE PATIENT OF MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM (하악전돌증환자(下顎前突症患者)의 악교정수술후(顎矯正手術後) 음성변화(音聲變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Byung Ju;Kim, Yeo Gab
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.239-252
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    • 1993
  • This study was done to analyze phonetic dysfunction and the effect of orthognathic surgery to phonation in the patients of mandibular prognathism. 20 persons were chosen as normal group and 20 patients of mandibular prognathism as abnormal for this study. 5 vowel sounds-'ㅏ(a)', 'ㅔ(e)', 'ㅣ(i)', 'ㅗ(o)', 'ㅜ(u)' and 14 consonant sounds-'ㄱ(g)', "ㄴ(n), 'ㄷ(d)', 'ㄹ(l)', 'ㅁ(m)', 'ㅂ(b)', 'ㅅ(s)', 'ㅇ(ng)', 'ㅈ(j)', 'ㅊ(ch)', 'ㅋ(k)', 'ㅌ(t)', 'ㅍ(p)', 'ㅎ(h)', were checked. We recorded these sounds in the period of preopration, postop. 12 months, postop. 24 months. A Formant ratio and a length of consonant time were studied with discriminant analysis. As a result of the study, the following conclusion were gained. 1. As a result of the analysis on vowel dysfunction patiensts of mandibular prognathism, more than 80% of men patients showed the dysfunction in prelingual sound 'ㅔ(e)' and 'ㅣ(i)'. More than 70% of women patients showed the dysfunction in all vowel. 2. One year later from the orthognathic surgery, men patients showed a marked improvement in 'ㅏ(a)'. The next were 'ㅗ(o)', 'ㅜ(u)' and 'ㅣ(i)'. Women patients showed a marked improvement in 'ㅜ(u)'. 3. Two year later from the orthognathic surgery, men patients showed a marked improvement in prelingual sound 'ㅔ(e)' and postlingual sound 'ㅗ(o)'. Women patients showed a marked improvement in 'ㅏ(a)'. More than 20% of patients showed the phonetic improvement compared with the condition of the postop. 12 months. 4. As a result of the analysis on consonant dysfunction patient of mandibular prognathism. more than 80% of men patients showed the dysfunction in lingual sound 'ㅅ(s)'. Most women patients showed the dysfunction in labial sound 'ㅁ(m)' and lingual sound 'ㄴ(n)'. More than 50% of patients showed the dysfunction in labial sound and lingual sound. 5. One year later from the orthognathic surgery. men patients showed a complete improvement in hard palatal sound 'ㅈ(j)'. The next were labial sound 'ㅂ(b)', lingual sound 'ㅅ(s)', soft palatal sound 'ㄱ(g)' and 'ㅋ(k)'. Women patients showed a marked improvement in soft palatal sound 'ㅇ(ng)' and 'ㄱ(g)'. 6. Two year later from the orthognathic surgery, all patients showed remarkable improvement in consonant sounds. except for labial sound 'ㅁ(m)', 'ㅍ(p)' and lingual sound 'ㄴ(n)'. The improvement ratio was increased as the time was going on compared with the condition of postop 12 months.

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Perceiving green vs. non-green related objects; A study with fMRI

  • 윤효운;한창환;임동미;조은미;박현욱
    • Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.108-108
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: We had hypothesized that the perceiving green related (more natural like forest, woods etc.) objects causes more emotional cue or salience than non-green related objects. Method: Six subjects participated the study. We used a classical block or box car design for the MRI experiment. Six green related and six non-green related pictures were presented 2 sec each as one block. As baseline T and ㅗ shapes were presented in the same fashion as one block.

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Basic Vowel Set for Hangul Input System (한글 입력 시스템을 위한 기본 모음 집합의 구성)

  • 강승식;한광수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.784-786
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    • 2004
  • 정보통신 단말기에서 한글을 입력할 때는 단말기에 부착되어 있는 한정된 개수의 입력키만 을 이용해야 한다는 제약이 있다. 이러한 제약 조건 하에서 한글 모음을 입력하는 효율적인 방법을 모색하기 위해 기본 모음 집합의 크기를 변화시키면서 모음 조합 방법을 제시하였다. 그 결과로 8개의 기본 모음 'ㅏㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ' 로부터 모음의 조합 원리 및 가획 원리에 의해 입력키가 할당되지 않은 모음을 조합하는 방식을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 유사 모음간의 전환이 가능한 오류 수정 방식과 다중 입력 방식을 도입하여 사용자 편의성을 추구하였다.

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Hangul Vowel Input System for Hand-held Devices (휴대용 단말기를 위한 한글 모음 입력 시스템)

  • 강승식
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2004.04b
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    • pp.907-909
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    • 2004
  • 정보화 시대가 진전됨에 따라 휴대폰과 리모콘 등 휴대용 단말기에서 한글을 입력할 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 휴대용 단말기에서 한글 입력 방식은 단말기에 부착되어 있는 제한된 버튼만을 이용해야 한다는 제약이 있다. 이러한 제약 조건 하에서 한글 모음을 편리하고 빠르게 입력할 수 있는 방법으로 'ㅏ/ㅓ/ㅗ/ㅜ/ㅡ/ㅣ/ㅐ/ㅔ'를 기본 요소로 하여 조합되는 모음의 입력 방식을 다양화하였으며, 기존의 천지인, 나랏글 방식과 비교했을 때 사용자 편의성과 입력의 신속성 측면에서 매우 효율적임을 확인하였다.

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