• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2007

UUV(Unmanned Underwater Vehicle) should possess an intelligent control software performing intellectual faculties such as cognition, decision and action which are parts of domain expert's ability, because unmanned underwater robot navigates in the hazardous environment where human being can not access directly. In this paper, we suggest a RVC intelligent system architecture which is generally available for unmanned vehicle and develope an autonomous navigation system for UUV, which consists of collision avoidance system, path planning system, and collision-risk computation system. We present an obstacle avoidance algorithm using fuzzy relational products for the collision avoidance system, which guarantees the safety and optimality in view of traversing path. Also, we present a new path-planning algorithm using poly-line for the path planning system. In order to verify the performance of suggested autonomous navigation system, we develop a simulation system, which consists of environment manager, object, and 3-D viewer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.225-232
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• 2019

This study aims to compare muscle activities of trunk and lower extremities according to wearing/not-wearing and forms of backpack. Twenti-six healthy adults were participated in the study. In the backpack with 10% body weight, trunk and lower extremities were measured during carrying the no backpack state(NBs), general backpack state(GBs), a decrease moment arm backpack state(DMBs). The muscle activity in a fore muscles(Obilique, Quadriceps, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius) were analyzed with using wireless electromyogram measuring system. DMBs showed significant improvemet in obilique, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle RVC.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate lower extremity muscle activation to the variable weight shift on the affected side of patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Eighteen patients with chronic hemiplegia volunteered to participate in this study. All participants performed three types of weight shift (sideways, forward, and backward) in limits of stability on the affected side. Muscle activation in a paralyzed leg was measured with electromyography on the gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris; furthermore, the attached area was recommended by SENIAM projects. Each weight shift was performed three times, and then the mean value of the three measurements was analyzed. The data were analyzed by measuring the symmetrically standing position with the reference voluntary contraction (RVC) and was standardized with the percentage of RVC method. Results: No significant difference in lower extremity muscle activation occurred according to the three types of variable weight shift. However, significant differences in lower extremity muscle activation did occur with each weight shift position. In addition, activation increased at the rectus femoris and decreased at the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae. Conclusion: Hip abductor muscle strength training and variable weight shifts on the affected side must increase to improve patients'balance and limits of stability.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.120-129
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• 2003

The anodic alumina is synthesized using 0.3M oxalic acid and the barrier layers of the anodic alumina are removed using the 20wt% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The structure of the anodic alumina is analyzed by XRD and SEM. It is observed by SEM that the size of anodic alumina pore is about 60nm. And the uniformity of the anodic alumina surface under the 20wt% $H_2SO_4$ solution is poorer than the unifomity of the the normal anodic alumina surface. The anodic alumina and the carbon are used cathode and anode in$Cd(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, $Co(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and $PbSO_4$ solutions. In this study, the constant D.C. electrical current is flowed in each solution for 24hours. It is found that the voltages so far as 4.6, 3.4 and 5.1V at $Cd(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, $Co(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and $PbSO_4$ solutions increase with increasing the flowing current time and after the voltage does not change which values are 4.2, 2.7 and 2.4V, respectively. The amount of metal ions in solutions decrease with increasing the flowing current time until the flowing current time is 18hours and the metals are formed at the surface of anodic alumina. After the metal ions are removed using the anodic alumina, and $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ ions are removed again using flow cell with retriculate vitreous carbon(RVC) working electrode. The concentration of $Cd^{2+}$, and $Co^{2+}$ions decrease until the flowing time of the solutions is 20minutes and the concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ ion decreases until that time is 30minutes. In this case, the removal effects of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ ions are 34.78, 28.79 and 86.38%, respectively. And it is possible that both $Cd^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ions are adsorbed in pore of RVC at the same time and the removal effects of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ions are 32.30 and 31.37%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.172-175
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• 2000

무인자율항체는 자동차, 선박, 잠수함과 같이 인간에 의해 직접 조종되는 유인항체에 인간의 역할을 대신할 수 있는 지능시스템을 배치하여 전체적 혹은 부분적으로 무인화한 이동체를 말한다. 무인자율항체에서 사용되는 소프트웨어는 인식, 사고, 행위와 같은 인간의 지적능력을 내포한 인공지능시스템이어야 한다. 자율무인잠수정, 자율운항선박과 같은 저속무인자율항체는 무인항공기나 무인차량과 같이 빠른 판단과 제어가 요구되는 지능제어시스템과는 다른 특성을 가진다. 저속무인자율항체에서 가장 주목되는 특성은 주위 환경 변화속도와 운항속도에 따른 긴박감의 차이이다. 고속자율항체에서는 제어시스템의 처리속도에, 저속자율항체에서는 제어시스템의 신뢰성에 비중을 둔다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 저속무인자율항체의 특성과 기능별 독립성 보장, 반응형 및 인식형 인공지능 기법의 융화 극대화에 촛점을 맞춘 RVC(Reactive Layer-Virtual World-Congnitive Layer) 지능시스템 모델을 제안한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.168-172
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• 2008

A microbial fuel cell is a noble green technology generating electricity from biomass and is expected to find applications in a real world. One of main hurdles to this purpose is the low power density. In this study, we constructed a prototype microbial fuel cell using Proteus vulgaris to study the effect of various reaction conditions on the performance. Main focus has been made on the modification of the anode with electropolymerized polypyrrole (Ppy). A dramatic power enhancement was resulted from the Ppy deposition onto the reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode. Our obtained maximum power density of 1.2 mW cm-3 is the highest value among the reported ones for the similar system. Further power enhancement was possible by increasing the ionic strength of the solution to decrease internal resistance of the cell. Other variables such as the deposition time, kinds of mediators, and amount of bacteria have also been examined.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2008

In this paper, a new Twisted Nematic (TN) transflective liquid crystal display configuration with single cell gap for both transmissive and reflective mode and without sub-pixel separation is proposed. The Transmittance vs. Voltage Curve (TVC) and Reflectance vs. Voltage Curve (RVC) are matched.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.23 no.1 s.109
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• pp.122-129
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• 2008

H.264의 출현으로 디지털 콘텐츠는 고해상도 HD 서비스로 빠르게 전환되고 있다. H.264는 현존하는 가장 우수한 비디오 부호화 표준이지만, 모바일 TV에서는 QVGA 또는 CIF 해상도의 VCD급 품질만 제공 가능한 성능의 한계를 보이고 있다. HD 콘텐츠에 익숙해진 사용자들은 모바일 TV의 VCD급 서비스에 점차적으로 불만족을 느끼게 될 것이며, DVD급 이상의 서비스로 빠른 전환을 요구하게 될 것이다. 본 고에서는 현재 모바일 TV에서 사용되는 H.264 보다 높은 압축 성능을 위한 비디오 부호화 표준화 동향과 전망에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 먼저 H.264 이후에 진행된 MPEG의 SVC, MVC, RVC 비디오 부호화 현황에 대해 설명하고, VCEG에서 진행중인 H.265를 위한 KTA 현황 및 동향과 주요 기술들에 대해 설명하고, 향후 비디오 부호화 표준화에 대한 전망을 예측하였다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.457-459
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• 2018

지난 해 롤스로이스의 무인 선박 개발 프로젝트(AAWA) 본격화 등 선박과 관련된 무인 자동화 기술 개발이 활발해지면서 국내의 R&D 사업이 많이 증가하였다. 특히 국내에서는 퍼지 모델을 이용한 RVC 지능 시스템 등 퍼지 이론을 사용한 기술들이 최근까지도 발표되고 있다. 퍼지 모델을 결정하기 위해선 해당 시스템에 대한 전문 지실뿐만이 아니라 다양한 환경에서의 반복적인 실험과 수정을 필요로 하기 때문에 시뮬레이터를 만들어 실험하게 되는데 다양한 환경에서의 반복적인 실험과 수정을 필요로 하기 때문에 시뮬레이터를 만들어 실험하게 되는데 대부분의 연구에서 시뮬레이터가 제작되는 비용과 시간에도 불구하고 해당 퍼지 모델을 위해서만 쓰이게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다양한 환경에서 퍼지 모델을 반복 실험할 수 있도록 시뮬레이터를 개발하였으며 기존의 퍼지 모델 일부를 본 시뮬레이터에 적용하여 같은 실험을 할 수 있음을 보이고 이를 통해 퍼지 모델을 만드는데 드는 시간과 비용을 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

The coverage ability is one of essential techniques for the Robotic Vacuum Cleaner (RVC). Most of the RVCs rely on random or regular pattern movement to cover a target space due to the technical difficulties to implement localization and map and constraints of hardwares such as controller and sensors. In this paper, we consider two main issues which are low computational load and using sensors with very limited sensing capabilities. First, in our approach, computing procedures to build map and detect the RVC's position are minimized by simplifying data obtained from sensors. To reduce computational load, it needs simply presenting an environment with objects of various shapes. Another isuue mentioned above is regarded as one of the most important problems in our approach, because we consider that many RVCs use low-cost sensor systems such as an infrared sensor or ultrasonic sensor with limited capabilities in limited range, detection uncertainty, measurement noise, etc. Methods presented in this paper are able to apply to general RVCs equipped with these sensors. By both simulation and real experiment, we evaluate our method and verify that the proposed method guarantees a complete coverage.