References
- K. M. Simpson, B. J. Munro & J. R. Steele. (2011). Backpack load affects lower limb muscle activity patterns of female hikers during prolonged load carriage. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(5), 782-788. DOI : 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.05.012
- W. Chansirinukor, D. Wilson, K. Grimmer & B. Dansie. (2001). Effects of backpacks on students: measurement of cervical and shoulder posture. Australian Journal of physiotherapy, 47(2), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60302-0
- A. A. O. Pediatrics. (2003). Backpack safety. Medical Library.
- C. Haselgrove, L. Straker, A. Smith, P. O'Sullivan, M. Perrt & N. Sloan. (2008). Perceived school back load, duration of carriage, and method of transport to school are associated with spinal pain in adolescent: an observational study. Australian Journal Physiotherapy, 54(3), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(08)70026-6
- Z. Heuscher, D. P. Gilkey, J. L. Peel & C. A. Kennedy. (2010). The association of self-reported backpack use and backpack weight with low back pain among college students. Journal Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 33(6), 432-437. DOI : 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.06.003
- S. Dockrell, C. Kane & E. O'Kneefe. (2006). Schoolbag weigh and weight and the effects of schoolbag carriage on secondary school students. Ergonomics, 9(1), 216-222.
- R. R. Motmans, S. Tomlow & D. Vissers. (2006). Trunk muscle activity in different modes of carrying schoolbags. Ergonomics, 49(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500435066
- A. Feingold & K. Jacobs. (2002). The effect of education on backpack wearing and posture in a middle school population. Work, 18(3), 287-294.
- Y. Hong & Li J. X. (2005). Influence of load and carrying methods on gait phase and ground reaction in children's stair walking. Gait Posture, 22(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.07.001
- D. H. An, J. Y. Yoon, W. G. Yoo & K. M. Kim. (2010). Comparisons of the gait parameters of young Korean women carrying a single strap bag. Nursing and Health Sciences, 12(1), 87-93. DOI : 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2009.00496.x
- T. Sing & M. Koh. (2008). Frontal plane lower limb kinematics change at toe-off for loaded walking to maintain medial-lateral gait stability. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive. 1(1).
- V. Janda. (1993). Muscle strength in relation to muscle length, pain and muscle imbalance. International Perspectives in Physical Therapy, 83-83.
- R. M. Ruivo, P. Pezarat-Correia & A. I. Carita. (2017). Effects of a resistance and stretching training program on forward head and protracted shoulder posture in adolescents. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 40(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.10.005
- S. S. W Li & D. H. K Chow. (2018). Effects of backpack load on critical change of trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine loading during walking. Ergonomics, 61(4), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1365950
- T. Lindner, C. Schulze, S. Woitge, S. Finze, W. Mittelmeier & R. Bader. (2012). The effect of the weight of equipment on muscle activity of the lower extremity in soldiers. The Scientific World Journal, 976513.
- Y. S. Al-Khabbaz, T. Shimada & M. Hasegawa. (2008). The effect of backpack heaviness on trunk-lower extremity muscle activities and trunk posture. Gait Posture, 28(2), 297-302. DOI : 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.002
- S. A. Birrell & R. A. Haslam. (2010). The effect of load distribution within military load carriage systems on the kinetics of human gait. Applied ergonomics, 41(4), 585-590. DOI : 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.12.004.
- P. Korovessis, G. Koureas, S. Zacharatos & Z. Papazisis. (2005). Backpacks, back pain, sagittal spinal curves and trunk alignment in adolescents: a logistic and multinomial logistic analysis. Spine, 30(2), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000150505.59690.1b
- J. Whittfield, S. J. Legg & D. I. Hedderley. (2005). Schoolbag weight and musculoskeletal symptoms in New Zealand secondary schools. Applied Ergonomics 36(2), 193-198. DOI : 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.004
- D. J. Yang & Y. S. Jeong. (2013). The acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on jump height and muscle activity. The journal of Digital Polisy & management, 11(8), 265-272.
- Y. S. Jeong. (2013). Effects of self stretching exercise and movement with mobilization in lunge position on the muscle activity and balance in chronic stroke patients. The journal of Digital Polisy & management, 11(10), 549-556.
- B. O. Jung & H. S. Bang. (2014). Effect of russian current stimulation on muscular performance and muscle activity of quadriceps femoris muscle of convalescent patient after leg fracture. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(7), 365-370. https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2014.12.7.365
- D. H. Chow, M. L. Kwok, A. C. Au-Yang, A. D. Holmes, J. C. Cheng, F. Y. Yao & M. S. Wong. (2005). The effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls. Ergonomics, 48(6), 642-656. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500070921
- J. J. Pel, C. W. Spoor, R. H. Goossens & A. L. Pool-Goudzwaard. (2008). Biomechanical model study of pelvic belt influence on muscle and ligament forces. Journal of biomechanics, 41(9), 1878-1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.002
- J. Bettanyysaltikov, J. Warren & M. Stamp. (2008). Carrying a rucksack on either Shoulder or the Back, Does it matter? Load Induced Functional Scoliosis in normal young subjects. Studies in health technology and informatics, 140, 221-224.
- R. Hardie, R. Haskew, J. Harris & G. Hughes. (2015). The effects of bag style on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi during walking in female university students. Journal of human kinetics, 45(1), 39-47. DOI : 10.1515/hukin-2015-0005
- Y. Hong, J. X. Li & D. T. Fong. (2008). Effect of prolonged walking with backpack loads on trunk muscle activity and fatigue in children. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(6), 990-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.06.013
- T. M. Cook & D. A. Neumann. (1987). The effects of load placement on the EMG activity of the low back muscles during load carrying by men and women. Ergonomics, 30(10), 1413-1423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138708966035
- J. S. Kim, K. Kim & D. H. Jun. (2011). The effect of changes in young women's static balance after performing walking task with different carrying bag positions. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 6(1), 51-58.
- F. Kinstner, I. Fiebert, K. Roach & J. Moore. (2013). Postural compensations and subjective complaints due to backpack loads and wear time in schoolchildren. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 25(1), 15-24. DOI : 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31827ab2f7
- H. M. Brackley & J. M. Stevenson. (2004). Are children's backpack weight limits enough? A critical review of the relevant literature. Spine(Phila Pa 1976), 29(19), 2184-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000141183.20124.a9
- K. P. Granata & S. E. Wilson. (2001). Trunk posture and spinal stability. Clinical Biomechanics, 16(8), 650-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00064-X
- H. R. Cho. (2014). The Effects of Bag Weight and Carrying Bag Position on Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis Muscle Activity Ratio during Step up in Healthy Adult. Journal of the korean society of integrative medicine, 2(3), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.15268/ksim.2014.2.3.049