• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.614-618
• /
• 2017

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects a variety of plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana. During migration, root-knot nematodes secrete different proteins to modify cell walls, which include pectolytic enzymes. However, the contribution of host cell wall proteins has not been described during this process. The function of two DUF642 cell wall proteins, BIIDXI (BDX, At4g32460) and TEEBE (TEB, At2g41800), in plant development could be related to the regulation of pectin methyl esterification status in the cell walls of different tissues. Accordingly, the expression of these two genes is up-regulated by auxin. BDX and TEB were highly induced during early M. incognita inoculation. Moreover, cell wall localization of the proteins was also induced. The cell wall localization of BDX and TEB DUF642 proteins during M. incognita early inoculation suggested that these two proteins could be involved in the regulation of the degree of pectin methylation during cell separation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.927-932
• /
• 2006

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a ubiquitous biomolecule serving mainly as a methyl donor. Our recent studies revealed that SAM controls antibiotic production in Streptomyces. In this study, the functional mode of SAM was studied in S. coelicolor and S. antibioticus ATCC11891, employing S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a methylation reaction product of SAM. Actinorhodin biosynthesis did not require SAM as a methyl donor, whereas SAH enhanced the actinorhodin biosynthesis up to the level comparable to SAM, and the most effective concentration of SAH was higher than that of SAM. In the case of oleandomycin that requires SAM for its biosynthesis, both SAM and SAH at the concentration as low as 100 mM showed comparable efficacy in enhancing the production; SAM at 1 mM concentration additionally stimulated to give a 5-fold enhancement of oleandomycin production. In vitro autophosphorylation of protein kinase AfsK was found to be activated by both SAM and SAH, as well as other structurally related compounds. Our studies demonstrate that SAM regulates antibiotic biosynthesis in a mode independent of its role as a methyl donor and suggest that SAM acts directly as an intracellular signaling molecule for Streptomyces.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.2145-2150
• /
• 2015

HPV viruses are integral to the development of cervical cancer. The pathogenesis has been extensively studied. To date, numerous HPV tests and products have been developed and successfully utilized in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cervical cancer. The HPV DNA test, when combined with other routine cervical cancer screening and diagnostic tests namely exfoliative cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and colposcopy has increased the detection rate of cervical cancer. HPV DNA products could also be measured in other body fluids like urine, lymph node tissue, and serum. HPV association could also be quantified by measuring other parameters like HPV mRNA, viral load, viral integration and methylation status. Vaccination against HPV has been found to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. Further, therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer against HPV continue to evolve. All these findings pertaining to HPV could possibly decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in the near future. This review aims to give an overview of the HPV tests and products in use and those under trial currently.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1061-1066
• /
• 1997

The complexes M(CO)4-1,2-(PPh2)2-1,2-C2B10H10 (M=Cr 2a, Mo 2b, W 2c) have been prepared in good yields from readily available bis-diphenylphosphino-o-carboranyl ligand, closo-1,2-(PPh2)2-1,2-C2B10H10 (1), by direct reaction with Group Ⅵ metal carbonyls. The infrared spectra of the complexes indicate that there is an octahedral disposition of chelate bis-diphenylphosphino-o-carboranyl ligand around the metal atom. The crystal structure of 2a was determined by X-ray diffraction. Complex 2a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell parameters a = 12.2360(7), b = 17.156(1), c = 16.2040(6) Å, V = 3354.1(3) Å3, and Z =4. Of the reflections measured a total of 2514 unique reflections with F2 > 3σ(F2) was used during subsequent structure refinement. Refinement converged to R1 = 0.066 and R2 = 0.071. Structural studies showed that the chromium atom had a slightly distorted pseudo-octahedral configuration about the metal center with two phosphine groups of o-carborane occupying the equatorial plane cis-orientation to each other. These metal carbonyl complexes are rapidly converted to the corresponding metal carbene complexes, [(CO)3M=C(OCH3)(CH3)]-1,2-(PPh2)2-1,2-C2B10H10 (M= Cr 3a, Mo 3b, W 3c), via alkylation with methyllithium followed by O-methylation with CF3SO3CH3.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2012

A comparison of analytical approaches for Levoglucosan ($C_6H_{10}O_5$, commonly formed from the pyrolysis of carbohydrates such as cellulose) and used for a molecular marker in biomass burning is made between the four different analytical systems. 1) Spectrothermography technique as the evaluation of thermograms of carbon using Elemental Carbon & Organic Carbon Analyzer, 2) mass spectrometry technique using Gas Chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), 3) Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) for the identification of the particle size distribution and chemical composition, and 4) two dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time of Flight mass spectrometry (GC${\times}$GC-TOFMS) for defining the signature of Levoglucosan in terms of chemical analytical process. First, a Spectrothermography, which is defined as the graphical representation of the carbon, can be measured as a function of temperature during the thermal separation process and spectrothermographic analysis. GC/MS can detect mass fragment ions of Levoglucosan characterized by its base peak at m/z 60, 73 in mass fragment-grams by methylation and m/z 217, 204 by trimethylsilylderivatives (TMS-derivatives). AMS can be used to analyze the base peak at m/z 60.021, 73.029 in mass fragment-grams with a multiple-peak Gaussian curve fit algorithm. In the analysis of TMS derivatives by GC${\times}$GC-TOFMS, it can detect m/z 73 as the base ion for the identification of Levoglucosan. It can also observe m/z 217 and 204 with existence of m/z 333. Although the ratios of m/z 217 and m/z 204 to the base ion (m/z 73) in the mass spectrum of GC${\times}$GC-TOFMS lower than those of GC/MS, Levoglucosan can be separated and characterized from D (-) +Ribose in the mixture of sugar compounds. At last, the environmental significance of Levoglucosan will be discussed with respect to the health effect to offer important opportunities for clinical and potential epidemiological research for reducing incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2022

Lysine methylation is one of the most important histone modifications that modulate chromatin structure. In the present study, the roles of the histone lysine demethylases JMJD2a and LSD1 in CK2 downregulation-mediated senescence were investigated. The ectopic expression of JMJD2a and LSD1 suppressed the induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and heterochromatin foci formation as well as the reduction of colony-forming and cell migration ability mediated by CK2 knockdown. CK2 downregulation inhibited JMJD2a and LSD1 expression by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. In addition, the down-regulation of JMJD2a and LSD1 was involved in activating the p53-p21^Cip1/WAF1-SUV39h1-trimethylation of the histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me3) pathway in CK2-downregulated cells. Further, CK2 downregulation-mediated JMJD2a and LSD1 reduction was found to stimulate the dimethylation of Lys370 on p53 (p53K370me2) and nuclear import of SUV39h1. Therefore, this study indicated that CK2 downregulation reduces JMJD2a and LSD1 expression by activating mTOR, resulting in H3K9me3 induction by increasing the p53K370me2-dependent nuclear import of SUV39h1. These results suggest that CK2 is a potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.11
• /
• pp.1739-1749
• /
• 2020

Exopolysaccharide produced by the yeast Papiliotrema flavescens, isolated from wine grape berries of Champagne vineyard, was investigated for both chemical and functional characterization. SECMALLS and colorimetric assay analyses showed that the EPS is a high M_W heteropolymer (2.37 × 10⁶ g/mol) majorily consisting of mannose, glucose, xylose and glucuronic acid as monosaccharide constituents, with two substituents (sulphate and phosphate groups), and a minor protein moiety. Structural enchainment of these carbohydrates based on methylation, GC-MS and NMR analyses revealed a linear main backbone built up of α-(1 → 3)-D-mannopyranosyl residues on which are branched side chains consisting of a single β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue and β-(1 → 2)-xylopyranoses (2-5 residues). Suggestion of some xylopyranose side chains containing a mannose residue at the nonreducing terminal end was also proposed. This is first report on EPSs from the grape P. flavescens yeast with such structural characteristics. Furthermore, investigations for valuating the application performance of these EPS in relation with their structural features were carried out in 8% alcohol experiment solutions. Very exceptional viscosifying and foaming properties were reported by comparison with commercial biopolymers such as Arabic, gellan and xanthan gums. The intrinsic properties of the natural biopolymer from this wild grape-associated P. flavescens yeast make it a potential candidate for use in various biotechnology applications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2009

Background: We performed this study to identify the tumor suppressor genes located in the long arm of chromosome 21 in non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: The genes of USP25 in 21q11.2, NCAM2, ADAMTS1 in 21q21.2, and Claudin-8 (CLDN8), Claudin-17 (CLDN17) and TIAM1 in 21q22.1 were investigated for their gene expressions, genetic alterations and promoter methylation. Result: The expressions of CLDN8 and CLDN17 were significantly decreased in 7 (L132, H157, H358, H522, H1299, H1703 and HCC2108) of 13 cell lines, and the expression of ADAMTS1 was also significantly reduced in 6 cell lines (A549, SW900, H1299, H1373, H1703 and H1793). There were no genetic alterations by PCR-SSCP and cDNA cloning in the cell lines with a decreased gene. In the cell lines with a decreased gene expression, the mRNA expression was increased significantly with treatment of 5-Aza-CdR. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ADMTS1, CLDN8 and CLDN17 may act as tumor suppressor genes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.480-487
• /
• 2009

The herbicide dicamba (2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid) in soil and plants was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The samples were extracted with diethyl ether at pH 2, and washed with 0.1 N HCl, and then dried. The dried residue was derivatized in 1 mL of 10% $H_2SO_4$-MeOH for 2 hr at $80^{\circ}C$. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 4 mL of sodium bicarbonate solution and reextracted with 5 mL of diethyl ether. After the extract was concentrated, dicamba was determined by GC/MS-SIM mode. There was good linearity above 0.999 in the ranges of the $1.0{\sim}100{\mu}g/kg$. Total 42 sample including 32 soil samples and 10 plants samples were analyzed by developed method. Dicamba was detected in the concentration range of $2.9-123.9{\mu}g/kg$ in 15 samples among 32 soil samples and in the concentration range of $43-33,252{\mu}g/kg$ in 5 samples among 10 plants samples. A cause of the wither and die of the pine trees is suspected to spray dicamba around or directly to them.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2009

The aerial parts of garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) were extracted in 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH) and the concentrated extract was then partitioned using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions resulted in 4 glycerides with the application of octadecyl silica gel and silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structures of the glycerides were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) as (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (1), (2S)-1-O-oleoyl-2-O-oleoyl- 3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (2), (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-linoleoyl-3-O-phosphorouscholine-sn-glycerol (3), and (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[$\alpha$-D-galactopyrasyl-($1{\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol (4). The free fatty acids of these glycerides were determined with gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis following alkaline hydrolysis and methylation. These glycerides demonstrated an inhibitory effect on acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, compound 1: $45.6{\pm}0.2%$ at $100{\mu}g/mL$), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, compound 1: $59.1{\pm}0.1%$ at $25{\mu}g/mL$), farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase, compound 2: $98.0{\pm}0.1%$; compound 3: $55.2{\pm}0.1%$ at $100{\mu}g/mL$), and $\beta$-secretase ($IC_{50}$, compound 4: $2.6{\mu}g/mL$) activity. This paper is the first report on the isolation of these glycerides from garland and their inhibitory activity on ACAT, DGAT, FPTase, and $\beta$-secretase.