• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2004

In order to identify the origin and nature of the spilled oil in the potential source, we analyzed the pattern of alkyi PAM(Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in fuel standard and environmental samples. Alkyl PAM patterns are used for fuel-type identification in weathered environmental samples. Detection of alkyl PAH was achieved by operation CC/MS in the SIM mode. We chose ions of naphthalene(m/z 128), C1-naphthalene(m/z 142), C2-naphthalene(m/z 156), C3-naphthalene(m/z 170), C4-naphthalene(m/z 184) for the comparison of this pattern according to the type of fuel. We analyzed tile pattern of alkyl PAH in neat gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and JP-8, and in groundwater samples which were collected in monitoring wells. The distribution map of alkyl-naphthalene shows different patterns among four different fuel types (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and JP-8). Particularly, tile distribution map of kerosene and JP-8 is found to be of value in identifying fuel type in that the difference is clear. Therefore distribution patterns of alkyl-PAH compounds provide another useful tool for fuel-type identification of petroleum fuels.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 1999

This study was carried out to know the oviposition preference site of chestnut brown chafer ( CBC ), Adoretus tenuimaculatus and its temporal activity and spatial distribution in green. Larval distribution was also investigated in golf courses for the control of CBC. CBC collected from Yongwon Golf Club in Chinhae, Tongdo Golf Club in Yangsan, Gyeongsan Province, Daegu Golf Club in Gyeongsan, Kyeongbuk Province, Dongrae Golf Club laid more eggs on broableaf of Zoysia matrella than Z. japonica, broadleaf+middleleaf of Z. matrella, Poa pratensis, and P. annua. The number of CBC egg was $19.7\pm$6.7 in Z. japonica,$ 1.7\pm$1.5 in P. pratensis, $1.3\pm$1.5 in sandy loam and $5.7\pm$2.9 in sand. Acitivity time of CBC in a day was the peak at 20:00 and continued to 24:00. CBCs adults were more collected from outside of golf courses whichhad many host plants than roadside courses. Density of white grubs was significantly different in fairway only. CBCs were more collected at tee and fairway than green. Density of white grubs was $54.6\pm$100 in broadleaf of Z. matellia and $37.7\pm$33.8 in P. pratensis at the back tee of the 7th hole in Dongrae Golf Club.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 1992

In this paper, we investigate the limiting distribution of $M_n = max (X_1, X-2, \cdots, X_n)$ in the infinite moving average process ${X_t = \sum c_i Z_{t-i}}$ generated from i.i.d. negative binomial variables $Z_i$'s. While no limit result is possible, nonetheless asymptotic bounds are derived. We also present the tail behavior of $X_t$, i.e., weighted sum of i.i.d. random variables. This continues a study made by Rootzen (1986) for discrete innovation sequences.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 2017

We present the dependence of halo properties on two different Galactic potentials: the $St{\ddot{a}}ckel$ potential and the Milky Way-like potential known as "Galpy". Making use of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 (SDSS DR12), we find that the shape of the metallicity distribution and rotation velocity distribution abruptly changes at 15 kpc of $Z_{max}$ (the maximum distance of stellar orbit above or below the Galactic plane) and 32 kpc of $r_{max}$ (the maximum distance of an orbit from the Galactic center) in the $St{\ddot{a}}ckel$, which indicates that the transition from the inner to outer halo occurs at those distances. When adopting the $St{\ddot{a}}ckel$ potential, stars with $Z_{max}$ > 15 kpc show a retrograde motion of $V_{\phi}=-60km\;s^{-1}$, while stars with $r_{max}$ > 32 kpc show $V_{\phi}=-150km\;s^{-1}$. If we impose $V_{\phi}$ < $-150km\;s^{-1}$ to the stars with $Z_{max}$> 15 kpc or $r_{max}$> 32, we obtain the peak of the metallicity distribution at [Fe/H] = -1.9 and -1.7 respectively. However, there is the transition of the metallicity distribution at $Z_{max}=25kpc$, whereas there is no noticeable retrograde motion in the Galpy. The reason for this is that stars with high retrograde motion in the $St{\ddot{a}}ckel$ potential are unbound and stars with low rotation velocity reach to larger region of $Z_{max}$ and $r_{max}$ due to shallower potential in the Galpy. These results prove that as the adopted Galactic potential can affect the interpretation of the halo properties, it is required to have a more realistic Galactic potential for the thorough understanding of the dichotomy of the Galactic halo.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1986

The z-coordinate distribution of cepheids was studied and the finding of Fernie(1968) that the cepheid layer is inclined to ward a formal Galactic plane and the Sun is located above the cepheid plane was confirmed. It was found that the z-distribution fits better to the parabolic form than a barometric form and a scale height of 54 pc was found. The well known phenomenon that the periods of classical cepheids decrease away from the Galactic center was crudely interpreted as due to an age gradient rater than an abundance gradient under the assumption that relations between the period and galactocentric distance, and between the abundance and period are linear.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1999

Motivated by the need for developing the more efficient lighting system for light culture of strawberries in the greenhouse, this paper aims at acquiring and suggesting more concrete and scientific foundation of illuminating position, numbers of light source by investigating the types of lighting system and illumination distribution in the greenhouse for light culture of strawberries. The results of investigation and experiment are summarized as following below: 1. The types of lighting system used in the greenhouse producing strawberries were classified as 1 line and 2 lines lighting system. 2. As for the arranging types of artificial light, 2 lines lighting system, were classified as Z-type, N-type and W-type. (Refer Fig. 3) 3. The results of illumination distribution for Z-type, N-type and W-type of 2 lines illuminating system in the greenhouse with a small size tunnel measured at the height of 1.5m from the ground with 220V, 100W lamp in 6m light gap showed that maximum illuminance are 961x, 1211x, 1251x, minimum illuminance are 4.41x, 4.71x, average illuminance are 33.71x, 43.11x, 44.51x and standard deviations are 28.31x, 35.41x, 38.31x at each types. 4. Proportion of the area below optimal illuminance to floor area at the two lines illuminating system of Z-, N-, and W-type in greenhouse were appeared as 39.4%, 26.0% and 26.3%, respectively. Also proportion of the area over optimal illuminance to floor area at the two lines illuminating system of Z-, N-, W-type in greenhouse were appeared as 16.8%, 14% and 14.7%, respectively. Thus N-type was superior to the others from the view points of optimal illumination distribution and energy saving.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 1997

The bimodal distribution of CuCl nano-crystals precipitated in alumino-borosilicate glass matrix (30SiO2-45B2O3-7.5Al2O3-7.5Na2O-7.5CaO-2.5GeO2(mole %)) was investigated by TEM and the temperature dependent optical spectroscopy. Two types of CuCl particles with different size were observed by TEM and it was confirmed by the splitting of Z3 absorption peak at low temperature and the occurrence of deflection point in the optical spectra with temperature.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.861-868
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• 2023

Nonlinear network creates complex homotopy structural communication in wireless network medium because of complex distribution approach. Due to this multicast topological connection structure, the queuing probability was non regular principles to create routing structures. To resolve this problem, we propose a Co-cluster homotopy queuing model (Co-CHQT) for Nonlinear Algebraic Topological Structure (NLTS-) for improving poison distribution network communication. Initially this collects the routing propagation based on Nonlinear Distance Theory (NLDT) to estimate the nearest neighbor network nodes undernon linear at x_(a,b)→ax²+bx² = c. Then Quillen Network Decomposition Theorem (QNDT) was applied to sustain the non-regular routing propagation to create cluster path. Each cluster be form with co variance structure based on Two unicast 2(n+1)-Z2(n+1)-Z network. Based on the poison distribution theory X_(a,b) ≠ µ(C), at number of distribution routing strategies weights are estimated based on node response rate. Deriving shorte;'l/st path from behavioral of the node response, Hilbert -Krylov subspace clustering estimates the Cluster Head (CH) to the routing head. This solves the approximation routing strategy from the nonlinear communication depending on Max- equivalence theory (Max-T). This proposed system improves communication to construction topological cluster based on optimized level to produce better performance in distance theory, throughput latency in non-variation delay tolerant.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2023

Purpose: This research is intended to analyze how distribution of brand communication of a Soft Drink brand on brand image mediated through electronic word of mouth on packaged carbonated drink in Indonesian Gen-Z. This research also aims to find out how electronic word of mouth can have a role in creating a brand image for Indonesia Gen-Z. Research design, data and methodology: This research is using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique, a survey was conduct online and the number of samples being 384 responders who are spread all over Indonesia. The questionnaire construct was designed based on several variables, such as brand communication, brand image, and e-WOM. E-WOM was positioned as a mediating variable in this research. Brand Communication indicators consist of event and experience, public relation and publicity, direct marketing and personal selling. Meanwhile brand image consists of Attributes, Benefits, and Attitudes. E-WOM indicators consist of intensity, balance of opinion, and content. Results: The result of this research being (1) There is a significant influence between brand communication and brand image. (2) There is a significant influence between brand communication and electronic word-of-mouth. And (3) There is a significant influence between brand communication and brand image mediated through electronic word-of-mouth. Conclusion: The findings of this research prove that there is significant influence between brand communication, brand image and electronic word-of-mouth, this study also provide several information about how other factor affect the distribution of brand communication.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2019

I present the mean metallicity distribution of stars in the Milky Way based on photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I utilize an empirically calibrated set of stellar isochrones developed in previous work to estimate the metallicities of individual stars to a precision of 0.2 dex for reasonably bright stars across the survey area. I also obtain more precise metallicity estimates using priors from the Gaia parallaxes for relatively nearby stars. Close to the Galactic mid-plane (|Z| < 2 kpc), a mean metallicity map reveals deviations from the mirror symmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres, displaying wave-like oscillations. The observed metallicity asymmetry structure is almost parallel to the Galactic mid-plane, and coincides with the previously known asymmetry in the stellar number density distribution. This result reinforces the previous notion of the plane-parallel vertical waves propagating through the disk, which have been excited by a massive halo substructure such as the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy plunging through the Milky Way's disk. This work provides evidence that the Gaia phase-space spiral may continue out to |Z| ~ 1.5 kpc.