• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength and the surface microhardness of Beautifil flow (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) with $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350, Z350XT (3M ESPE, USA). Fifteen specimens from each material were fabricated for testing. Compressive strength was measured by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Surface microhardness values were measured by using Vickers hardness tester under 4.9 N load and 10 seconds dwelling time. The compressive strength of Group 2 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT shows the highest value as $218.7{\pm}18.4$ MPa and Group 1 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350 was $205.5{\pm}27.1$ MPa. Group 3 Beautifil flow F00 was $176.5{\pm}30.3$ MPa, and Group 4 Beautifil flow F10 was $173.4{\pm}26.2$ MPa. The compressive strength of Group 2 is higher than Group 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). The surface microhardness of Group 2 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT shows the highest value as $39.1{\pm}2.1$ and Group 4 Beautifil flow F10 was $27.9{\pm}1.8$. And Group 3 Beautifil flow F00 was $23.1{\pm}1.1$, Group 1 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350 was $20.4{\pm}0.9$. There was a statistical significant difference in surface microhardness between all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the compressive strength of giomer was below the level of flowable composite resin. However, the surface microhardness of giomer is comparable to that of flowable composite resin. Giomer would be the good alternative to composite resin, if there is improvement of the compressive strength of giomer.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.06b
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2002

In this paper, transmission lines with low and high characteristic impedance (Z$_{0}$) are fabricated and analyzed. The transmission lines are fabricated on the benzo-cyclo-butene (BCB) films of a low dielectric constant. For the low Z$_{0}$, two types of coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures are fabricated, which include bottom-ground and double-ground type. Measurement shows that Z$_{0}$ values for each CPW type are 7.3 and 9.4$\Omega$, respectively, at a signal line width of 100 #m. Whit the ratio between the spacing of bottom-ground and the signal line with becomes greater than 2.5, the Z$_{0}$ is nearly saturated. In addition, thin film microstrip lines fabricated using the BCB insertion layers show very low Z$_{0}$ of 25.5$\Omega$, and this impedance is ~64 % of the values obtained from the BCB-based CPW structures of the same line width. Measurement result of CPW on BCB layer is 100.5 Ω.s 100.5 Ω.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrition knowledge, eating habits during pregnancy, and neonatal health status between primipara for pregnant women of advanced maternal age in comparison to those under the age of 35. Methods: This study used a comparative survey design. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and patients medical records. A total of 127 participants, mothers after delivery were recruited from metropolitan city B. Results: Primipara in advanced maternal age (n=32) reported significantly higher scores of eating habits (Z=-2.96, p=.003) than younger ages (n=95). There were no significant differences in scores of pregnancy nutrition knowledge (Z=-0.44, p=.660), duration of gestation (Z=-0.28, p=.778), neonatal birth height (Z=-0.10, p=.924), neonatal birth weight (Z=-0.28, p=.777), Apgar score 1 minute (Z=-0.53, p=.599) and 5 minutes (Z=-0.23, p=.816) between two groups. Conclusion: It concludes that age is not the obstacle to the best nutritional status of women and their newborns.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.14 no.1_2
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2004

Let G be a simple graph and let $\={G}$ denotes its complement. We say that G is integral if its spectrum consists entirely of integers. If $\overline{aK_{a}\;{\bigcup}\;{\beta}K_{b}}$ is integral we show that it belongs to the class of integral graphs $[\frac{kt}{\tau}\;{x_0}\;+\;\frac{mt}{\tau}\;z}\;K_{(t+{\ell}n)+{\ell}m}\;\bigcup\;[\frac{kt}{\tau}\;{y_0}\;+\;\frac{(t\;+\;{\ell}n)k\;+\;{\ell}m}{\tau}\;z]n\;K_{em)$, where (i) t, k, $\ell$, m, $n\;\in\;\mathbb{N}$ such that (m, n) = 1, (n,t) = 1 and ($\ell,\;t$) = 1 ; (ii) $\tau\;=\;((t\;+\;{\ell}n)k\;+\;{\ell}m,\;mt)$ such that $\tau\;$\mid$kt$; (iii) ($x_0,\;y_0$) is a particular solution of the linear Diophantine equation $((t\;+\;{\ell}n)k\;+\;{\ell}m)x\;-\;(mt)y\;=\;\tau\;and\;(iv)\;z\;{\geq}\;{z_0}$ where $z_{0}$ is the least integer such that $(\frac{kt}{\tau}\;{x_0}\;+\;\frac{mt}{\tau}\;{z_0})\;\geq\;1\;and\;(\frac{kt}{\tau}\;{y_0}\;+\;\frac{(t+{\ell}n)k+{\ell}m}{\tau}\;{z_0})\;\geq\;1$.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.575-578
• /
• 2000

소프트웨어 개발 초기 단계에서의 부정확에 기인한 에러들을 줄이기 위한 노력이나 기술이 절실하다. [1][2] 정형 명세 기법은 명세 단계에서 기인하는 에러들을 줄이기 위해 Z 나 VDM 과 같은 정형 표기법(formal notation)에 의해 쓰여지며, 정형성(formality)과 추상화(abstraction)의 제공 등 두 가지 사항에 대한 요구사항을 충족시켜 준다. [3][4] 그러나, Z 표기법의 병행성 표현 능력의 부족으로 병행성을 요구하는 시스템의 명세에서 사용할 수 없거나, Process Algebra의 CSP (Communicating Sequence Processes)등과 같은 다른 정형 언어와 함께 명세해야 하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 이를 보완하기 위해 범용 목적의 명세 언어인 기존의 Z 를 확장하여 병행성을 명세 가능하도록 하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 병행 프로세스(concurrent process) 개념을 도입하며, 이를 나타내는 표기를 정의하고 사용한다. 또한, 병행성의 제어를 위해서 프로시듀어 기술부(procedure description)의 도입 및 관련 스키마(schema)들을 정의한다. 아울러, 확장된 Z 로 작성된 명세서를 목적 언어로 자동 변환(translate)하기 위한 변환기(translator)를 Lex 와 Yacc을 이용하여 구현하고, 변환된 목적 언어 파일을 실행하여 확장된 Z 가 모호성을 포함하지 않는지 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2003

Background and Objectives : Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, is the result of a short, fibrous lingual frenulum or highly attached geioglossus muscle. This condition may cause sucking and swallowing problems, articulation disorders, interference with the tongue's cleansing action, increased the potential for caries, and inability to lick the lips, play a wind instrument, and 'french kiss' Treatment is surgical procedure. In the most cases, horizontal sectioning and mucosal suture(the conventional procedure) is preferred, but in some cases, the Z-plastic procedure is effective. This study is aimed to compare the result of the two procedures. Materials and Methods : Twenty tongue-tie patients underwent operation. Ten patients were treated with the Z-plastic procedure and ten patients were treated with the conventional method randomly. We checked preoperative mobile tongue length, postoperative mobile tongue length, operation time and postoperative wound states. Results : Among the 20 cases of tongue-tie, 2 cases are excepted due to pre-operative state, thus we compared 18 cases of tongue-tie patients. There is no statistically significant difference between the two procedures except in operation time. The Z-plastic procedure apparently needs a little more operating time. Conclusion : Patients treated with the Z-plastic procedures appeared to have better outcomes, but the data shows no statistical significance except in operating time. Consequently, the Z-plastic procedure is indicated in a limited amount of cases.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a play education program to reduce children's fear of needle insertion to the implanted port, and to assess the effect of this program. Method: The play education program was composed of play education before needle insertion, encouragement during needle insertion, and a present to reward then after needle insertion. Measurement instruments were the Procedure Behavior Check List(PBCL) and Faces Rating Scale(FRS). Results: The first hypothesis, "the PBCL point of children with malignant disease would decrease after play education program", was rejected(before insertion : Z=-0.189, p= .850, during insertion : Z=-0.350. p= .727, after insertion : Z=-0.590, p= .555). The second hypothesis, "the FRS point of children with malignant disease would decrease after play education program education", was rejected(observer 1 : Z=-0.245, p= .806, observer 2 : Z=-0.912, p= .362, self-report : Z=-0.181, p= .856). The third hypothesis, "the Time of needle insertion would decrease after play education program", was rejected(Z=-0.464, p= .642). Conclusion: The effect on fear-reduction of play education program for children with malignant disease inserted implanted port was not significant but continuous education is needed for parents and children.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.315-316
• /
• 1992

Sodium (3S,4R)-3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyi minoacetamido]-4-methoxymethyl-2-azetidinone-1- sulfonate (2) was synthesized in fourteen steps from D-aspartic acid. Starting from D-aspartic acid, (3S,4R)-3-amino-1-t-butyldimethylsilyl-4-methoxym ethyl-2-azetidinone (12) was synthesized in ten steps. Acylation of the amino group of 12 with $2-amino-{\alpha}-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleacetic$ acid, desilylation, sulfonation, and ion exchange afforded sodium (3S,4R)-3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyi minoacetamido]-4-methoxymethyl-2-azetidinone-1- sulfonate (2). This new ${\beta}-lactam$ compound 2 showed low antibacterial activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.129-148
• /
• 2000

Experiments were performed on three subsets of a Korean test collection in order to determine whether 2-Poisson model's Z value is a good measure for selecting subject words from a document to be indexed. It was found that subject word selection based on the Z value was effective for only one subset with short texts, i.e., the Science and Technology subset. Correlation analyses between 2-Poisson model's Z and TF.IDF weight for the three subsets showed that the correlation was relatively high for two test subsets with short texts, i.e., the Science and Technology subset and the Newspaper subset.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.256-259
• /
• 1999

The effects of Pr doping on structural and superconducting properties of (Pb$_{0.5}$V$_{0.5}$)Sr$_2$(Ca$_{1-x}$Pr$_x$)Cu$_2$O$_z$ have been studied. We have observed systematic variation of lattice parameters with increasing Pr content. A maximum Tc of about40 K has been observed in this system. The correlation between the crystal structure and superconductivity has been addressed.