• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.330-337
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• 1991

y의 크기가 0.02에서부터 2.0까지의 두 차수만큼 변하게 불소가 첨가된 YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$$O_{7-x}$F$_{y}$ 초전도물질을 금속질산염과 수산화나트륨 및 불화나트륨을 써서 졸-겔법으로 제조하였다. 불소함유양들을 이온-선택 전극을 사용하여 측정하였다. 반응물질로 첨가된 불소전부가 최종시료속에 존재한다는 것을 알았다. XRD 관측으로부터 y.leq.0.2인 시료들은 단지 단상 페로브스카이트 구조로 되었고 반면 y.geq.0.5인 것들은 최종시료속에 BaF$_{2}$ YF$_{3}$및 CuO와 같은 화합물들과 함께 생성되어져 있다고 결론지을 수가 있다. 더구나 고체 $^{19}$ F 핵자기공명관측이 불소가 정말로 격자위치들 속에 혼입되어 있는지 여부를 확인하기 위하여 행해졌는데 실험결과로부터 YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$$O_{7-x}$ 격자위치속에 혼입된 불소의 몰비는 화합물 1몰당 약 0.2라는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 전기저항률의 측정은 개시감계온도가 y.leq.0.2와 같이, 지정된 첨가율이 적은 영역에서는 y의 증가에 따라 약간씩 증가하는 경향이 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

The milling effects of a precursor $Y_2BaCuO_5$ (Y211) powder having 1 wt.% $CeO_2$ on the microstructure and critical current density ($J_c$) of liquid infiltration growth (LIG) processed $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y-123) bulk superconductors were investigated. The microstructure analysis revealed that the Y211 size in the final Y-123 products decreased with increasing the milling time and a relatively high density and uniform distribution of Y211 inclusions were observed in the sample prepared using 8 h milled powder. However, the unexpected Y211 particles coarsening was observed from the 4 h milled sample which was further increased for 10 h milled sample. Critical current density ($J_c$) of the LIG processed Y-123 bulk superconductors was found to be dependent on the milling time of the Y211 precursor powder. The $J_c$ increased with the increase of milling time and reached up to a maximum at 8 h in the self field while 10 h milled sample showed lower $J_c$ at the same field which might be due to the exaggerated growth and non-uniform distribution of Y211 particles.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

High-.ate in-situ$ YBa_2$Cu$Cu_3$$O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) film growth was demonstrated by means of the electron beam co-evaporation. Even though our oxygen pressure is low, ∼$5 ${\times}$10^{-5}$ Torr, we can synthesize as-grown superconducting YBCO films at a deposition rate of around 10 nm/s. Relatively high temperatures of around 90$0^{\circ}C$ was necessary in this process so far, and it suggests that this temperature at a given oxygen activity allows a Ba-Cu-O liquid formation along with an YBCO epitaxy. Local critical current density shows a clear correlation with local resistivity. Homogeneous transport properties with a large critical current density ($4 ∼ 5 MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ at 77K, 0T) are observed in top faulted region while it is found that the bottom part carries little supercurrent with a large local resistivity. Therefore, it is possible that thickness dependence of critical current density is closely related with a topological variation of good superconducting paths and/or grains in the film bodies. The information derived from it may be useful in the characterization and optimization of superconducting films for electrical power and other applications.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2004년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.XIV
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• pp.72-72
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• 2004

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 1993

YBa2Cu3Ox(YBCO) thick films were prepared by a screen printing of the powders, obtained by a coprecipitation in oxalic acid, on the Y2O3-stabilized zirconia substrates and their superconducting properties were determined. TC, JC and the orientation factor of the thick films increased with increasing temperature up to 103$0^{\circ}C$ and then the superconducting properties disappeared with further heat treatments. The optimization of JC was achieved by heating thick films at 103$0^{\circ}C$ for 7min. In this case the TC of the thick film was determined to be 87.5K. It was observed that TC of thick films depends on the orthorhombicity and JC is likely governed by a microstructure of YBCO rather than by the orientation factor.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.875-881
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• 2004

Fundamental results obtained from an atomic force microscope (AFM) chemically-induced direct nano-lithography process are presented, which is regarded as a simple method for fabrication nm-scale devices such as superconducting flux flow transistors (SFFTs) and single electron tunneling transistors (SETs). Si cantilevers with Pt coating and with 30 nm thick TiO coating were used as conducting AFM tips in this study. We observed the surfaces of superconducting strip lines modified by AFM anodization' process. First, superconducting strip lines with scan size 2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$${\times}$2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ have been anodized by AFM technology. The surface roughness was increased with the number of AFM scanning, The roughness variation was higher in case of the AFM tip with a positive voltage than with a negative voltage in respect of the strip surface. Second, we have patterned nm-scale oxide lines on ${YBa}-2{Cu}_3{O}_{7-x}$ superconducting microstrip surfaces by AFM conductive cantilever with a negative bias voltage. The ${YBa}-2{Cu}_3{O}_{7-x}$ oxide lines could be patterned by anodization technique. This research showed that the critical characteristics of superconducting thin films were be controlled by AFM anodization process technique. The AFM technique was expected to be used as a promising anodization technique for fabrication of an SFFT with nano-channel.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Deposition condition of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$$O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) films on moving IBAD templates (CeO$_2$/IBAD-YSZ/SS) was studied in a hot-wall type metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process using single liquid source. The reel velocity was 40 cm/hr and the source mole ratios of Y(tmhd)$_3$:Ba(tmhd)$_2$:Cu(tmhd)$_2$ were 1:2.3:3.1 and 1:2.1:2,9, Two different types of IBAD templates with thin CeO$_2$ and thick CeO$_2$ layers were used, The YBCO films were successfully deposited at the deposition temperatures of 780~89$0^{\circ}C$ ; the a-axis growth was observed together with the c-axis growth up to 83$0^{\circ}C$. while the c-axis growth became dominant above 83$0^{\circ}C$. The top surface of the c-axis film was fairly dense and included a small amount of the a-axis growth, although the peaks of the a-axis grains were not observed in XRD pattern, The YBCO film deposited on IBAD template with thin CeO$_2$ layer showed low critical current of 2.5 A/cm-width. while the YBCO film deposited on IBAD template with thick CeO$_2$ layer showed higher critical current of 50 A/cm-width. This result indicates that thick CeO$_2$ layer is thermally more stable than thin CeO$_2$ layer at the high deposition temperature of the MOCVD process.s.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.326-331
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• 1989

Sol-gel법으로 고온 초전도체인 $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\sigma}}$의 세선을 제작하였다. Y, Ba, Cu 질산염을 1:2:3의 몰비로 수용액을 제조한 후 구연산 수용액을 첨가하고, 암모니아 수용액을 첨가하여 pH를 $5.8{\sim}6.2$로 조절함으로써 균일한 colloid sol을 제조할 수 있었다. 이를 358K 로 가열하면 점차 점도가 증가하면서 gel화 반응이 진행되고 이 gel화 반응이 완결되기 전에 구연산염 precursor gel fiber를 임의의 길이 및 두께로 뽑을 수 있었다. 이 precursor를 1223K, $Po_2$=1atm. 하에서 8시간 열처리한 후 723K로 서냉하고 13시간 동안 annealing 하여 약 95K에서 전기저항이 급격히 감소($T_c$, onset), 약 82K에서는 저항 0($T_c$, offset)을 나타내었고 액체질소 비등점에서 Meissner-effect를 보임으로써 초전도체 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1991

The superconducting powders in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system were easily prepared from water in oil type emulsion by loading each cation into the aqueous phase. In $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ system, the superconducting orthorhombic phase was formed by calcining at $750^{\circ}C$ for 10h in $O_2$. The size of the superconducting phase powders was submicron. The density of the sintered specimen using this powders was about 95% of the theoretical density and the resistance sharply decreases at about 90K, In Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system the low Tc phase($(Bi, Pb)_2Sr_2Ca_1Cu_2O_y$) was formed by calcining at $800^{\circ}C$ for 10h in a low oxygen partial pressure of 1/20 atm The shape of clacined powder is thin plate of which size is about $2\mu\textrm{m}$ and thickness is smaller than $\mu\textrm{m}$. It was observed that the high Tc phase ($(Bi, Pb)_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y$) was formed by sintering at $850^{\circ}C$ for 30h in oxygen pressure of 1/20 atm without intermediary grinding. The above sintered sample exhibited superconductivity with a Tc(zero)=105K.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

In 1987, M. K. Wu and Paul Chu discovered $Y_{1.2}Ba_{0.8}CuO_4$ (YBCO) with critical temperature ($T_c$) of 93 K. It has significantly lowered the cost of cooling of a material up to the point where superconductivity set in. Utilizing the cost reduction of attaining superconductivity and the vast amount of research to understand characteristics of high temperature oxide superconducting materials, there has been effort to use a high temperature superconductor as a coated conductor. It is important to characterize the materials precisely for stable performance before commercializing. We used polarized Raman scattering spectroscopy to study structural and stoichiometric information regarding $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$, $GdYBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$, and $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ produced by three leading groups of producing commercial grade high temperature superconductor coated conductors American Superconductor Corporation, Superpower, and SuNAM.