• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.1540-1544
• /
• 2003

This study chiefly aimed to ascertain the effect of age at weaning on caecal content characteristics, post-weaning performance and health of rabbits. A secondary aim was to study the effect of dietary restriction on performance and health of rabbits. After delivery, 30 litters of 8 pups each, were housed in separate cages. Fifteen litters were weaned 24 days from birth (group W 24) while the other 15 were weaned at 28 days (group W28). After weaning, 53 rabbits of group W24 and 56 of group W28 were fed ad libitum (group LIB), while 53 rabbits of group W24 and 57 of group W28 were restricted (group RES). All the rabbits were kept in individual cages. Fourteen other rabbits of groups W24 (7 fed ad libitum and 7 restricted) and 7 of group W28 were sacrificed to obtain data regarding caecum weight and caecal content. Age at weaning affected neither the state of health nor the final live weight. In comparison with those of group W28, the rabbits weaned at 24 days had a lower daily gain until 35 days of age but gain was higher subsequently. From the 28th day, however, the feed intake and the feed conversion ratio of the group W24 rabbits were always better than those of W28. The restricted diet until 42 days resulted in a lower weight both at 42 days (1,078 vs. 1,164 g) and at 70 days (2,192 vs. 2,294 g). Indeed, from the 42nd day, despite receiving feed ad libitum the rabbits of the restricted group continued to ingest less feed (120.8 vs. 127.2 g) than those of the ad libitum group, and had a slightly lower daily gain (39.8 vs. 40.3 g). The measurements carried out on the caecum highlighted significant differences among the groups in caecal content (33.1 vs. 31.7 vs. 25.3 g respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES), for total volatile fatty acids (53.2 vs. 50.6 vs. 44.5 mmol/l respectively for groups W24LIB, W28and W24RES) for ammonia (7.0 vs. 7.2vs 8.8 mmol/l respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES), for propionate (5.7 vs. 6.3 vs. 8.1% respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES) and for propionate/butyrate (0.33 vs. 0.36 vs. 0.49 respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES).

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2006

For $f{\in}L^2(B,d{\nu})$, ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BMO}=\widetilde{{\mid}f{\mid}^2}(z)-{\mid}{\tilde{f}}(z){\mid}^2$. For f continuous on B, ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BO}=sup\{w(f)(z):z{\in}B\}$ where $w(f)(z)=sup\{{\mid}f(z)-f(w){\mid}:{\beta}(z,w){\leq}1\}$. In this paper, we will show that if $f{\in}BMO$, then ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BO}{\leq}M{\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BMO}$. We will also show that if $f{\in}BO$, then ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BMO}{\leq}M{\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BO}^2$. A homomorphic function $f:B{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}$ is called a Bloch function ($f{\in}{\mathcal{B}}$) if ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{\mathcal{B}}=sup_{z{\in}B}\;Qf(z)$<${\infty}$. In this paper, we will show that if $f{\in}{\mathcal{B}}$, then ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BO}{\leq}{\parallel}f{\parallel}_{\mathcal{B}}$. We will also show that if $f{\in}BMO$ and f is holomorphic, then ${\parallel}f{\parallel}_{\mathcal{B}}^2{\leq}M{\parallel}f{\parallel}_{BMO}$.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.345-354
• /
• 2005

In this study, the mechanical properties and hand characteristics have been analyze4 according to fabric structural parameters such as the weft density and weave stricture of cotton fabric. KES-FB system was used to measure hand characteristics and mechanical properties of fabric. The weft density made an effect on bending and shear properties but not on tensile , compression, and surface properties. In case of wearing property, B/w, 2HG/G, 2HB/B, 2HB/W, $\sqrt[3]{B/W}$, $\sqrt{2HB/W}$, W/T, WC/W were affected tv the weft density. The crimp was highly correlated with the tightness, hand, wearing an4 mechanical properties, specially tensile linearity, bending, shear, and compression properties. The weft crimp influenced the bending, shear, compression resilience, surface roughness, hand, and wearing properties. The tightness has an effect on tile bending, shear, compression, surface friction, hand, and wearing properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.84-89
• /
• 1995

The complexation and physical characteristics of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome containing amphotericin B(AmB) were investigated through circular dichrosim(CD) spectra, the size distribution, the turbidity change, and the calcein release. CD spectra of AmB-containing egg PC mxture exhibited a positive peak around 330 nm indicative of complexation of AmB and four negative peaks. The positive peak increased up to $2.2{\;}millidegree/{\mu}g$ AmB as AmB contents increased up to 12% (w/w), suggesting that AmB-phospholipid complexation was promoted by the antibiotics. The effective diameter of liposomesa by dynamic light scattering decreased from 450 nm to 220 nm as the amount of AmB in liposomes increased from o to 30% (w/w). The complexation may be responsible for the reduction in size. On the other hand, at around 1 mN deoxycholate (DOC), the reltive turbidities of 5 and 10% (w/w) AmB-containing liposome suspension were less than 1 probably due to the soblubilization of the complex, while those of pure PC liposome suspension were larger than 1 at the same concentration. Deoxycholate-induced release of liposomes, indicating the intercalation of the drug into the bilayers. Therefore, it is concluded that in AmB/eggPC/water system, AmB-phospholipid complexcoexists with AmB-containing liposomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.507-510
• /
• 2001

본 연구에서는 음식물 찌꺼기를 원료로 생균 발효사료를 생산하기 위해 단시간 호기적 발효에 필요한 고온성 균주를 개발하고자 하였다. 폐기물 처리장이나 경작연수가 10년 이상 경과된 농경지 야산의 토양 등 유기물질이 많은 장소에서 채취한 토양은 종균원으로 이용하였다. 1차 Screening을 통해 재배지(B group), 폐기물 처리장(F group), 야산(W group)에서 채취한 토양과 시판 발효용 종균제로부터 고온성 세균들을 분리한 뒤 고온.호기적 속성 발 효에 적합한 균주를 가려내기 위해 발효실험을 통한 2차 screening을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 재배지 토양으로부터 Bl, B2, B3, B4, B6, 폐기물 처리장으로부터 Fl, F2, 야산으로부터 W1, W3, W4 등의 세균이 선발되었다. 이들 중 특히 B6는 발효개시 4시간만에 생균수가 1.3$\times$$10^{9}$m1에 이르러 높은 중식속도를 나타냈고, 8시간만에 최고치인 7.5$\times$$10^{9}$ml까지 증가하여 호기적 고온성 속성 발효에 적합한 균주로 사료되었다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2000

The effects of salting methods on sensory and microbiological properties of Kakdugi were evaluated during fermentation at 10$\^{C}$ for up to 52 days. Kakdugi samples were prepared by 4 different salting methods at the final salt concentration about 1.5%, which was appropriate for organoleptic quality. The salting methods for radish cubes(2cm size) of Kakdugi included; 1) Treatment S-1: spraying dry salt uniformly onto the radish cubes, at the concentration of about 1.5%(w/w) and cured for 1 hr, 2) Treatment S-5: spraying dry salt uniformly onto the radish cubes, at the concentration of about 1.2%(w/w) and cured for 5 hr, 3) Treatment B-1: brining radish cubes in a 8.5%(w/v) salt solution and cured for 1 hr, 4) Treatment B-5: brining radish cubes in a 4.0%(w/v) salt solution and cured for 5 hr. During the early stage of fermentation, sensory test showed higher scores in the overall acceptability of Kakdugi prepared with salting methods S-1 and S-5 than those with B-1 and B-5. However, the trend of acceptability has been reversed by the treatments B-1 and, more notably, by B-5 at the later stage of fermentation. The counts of lactic acid bacteria increased remarkably and then decreased gradually after the optimum ripening period. The major lactic acid bacteria isolated and identified from Kakdugi were Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 1992

Effects of boron addition on microstructure and phases of plasma are melted tungsten have been investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, measurements of grain size and hardness. The change in the microstructure upon boron addition was studied by optical microscopy. It was observed that the grain refinement was induced upon content within the limit of solubility. When the boron content was above the solubility limit, two phases of primary tungsten and eutectic structure were observed and confirmed by AES and XRD analysis. It was also shown that recrystallization temperature was increased and recrystallized grain size was reduced as boron content increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.61-63
• /
• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the feeding influence of wood vinegar and mixed with probiotics on performance and physiological related of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets contained 21.5%, 3,100kcal/kg and 19.0% CP, 3,100kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. In Expt 1, Four levels of wood vinegar(0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20%) were fed into two hundred forty chicks with four replicates. In Expt 2, 0, 0.1% wood vinegar(W), 0, 0.1% lactobacillus casei(L) and bacillus subtilis (B) were applied to 2${\times}$2${\times}$2 facotrial design for eight treatments with four replicates. Weight gain, feed intake, feed cholesterol were detected at five weeks old in each experiment. In Expt 1, Weight gain of chicks fed 0.1% wood vinegar(WV) was increased upto 1645.8g, but was not significantly different. However, chicks fed 0.2% WV showed the highest gain and siginificantly different compared to that of control (P＜0.05) for finishing period. Feed intake also showed similar tendency with weight gain. There were no statistical difference in feed conversion. Abdominal fat seemed to be decreased in WV supplemental groups, whereas ND antibody titer tended to increase in those treatments. In Expt 2, 0, 0.1% WV, lactobacillus, bacillus were combined with each other(W$\sub$0/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/ B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$1). WV supplemental groups significantly improved feed conversion of all treatments(P＜0.05). There were no interaction in weight gain and feed intake. Total cholesterol was signficantly decreased in WV plus lactobacillus and ladtobacillus plus bacillus treatments. Liver to body ratio(%) of lactobacillus plus WV significantly decreased compared to that of other treatments. The results of these experiments showed that wood vinegar tended to improve the performance of broiler chicks, but was not effect in its combination with lactobacillus or bacillus treatments.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.917-925
• /
• 2020

It has been shown that the geometric mean A#B of positive definite Hermitian matrices A and B is the maximal element X of Hermitian matrices such that $$\(\array{A&X\\X&B}\)$$ is positive semi-definite. As an extension of this result for the 2 × 2 block matrix, we consider in this article the block matrix [[A#w_ijB]] whose (i, j) block is given by the Riemannian geodesics of positive definite Hermitian matrices A and B, where w_ij ∈ ℝ for all 1 ≤ i, j ≤ m. Under certain assumption of the Loewner order for A and B, we establish the equivalent condition for the parameter matrix ω = [w_ij] such that the block matrix [[A#w_ijB]] is positive semi-definite.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill ${\phi}70mm$ on the calcalious sand stone (soft -modelate -semi hard Rock). The total numbers of test blast were 88. Scale distance were induced 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration $V=K(\frac{D}{W^b})^n$ were V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W : Maximum charge per delay-period of eight milliseconds or more (kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents where the quantity $\frac{D}{W^b}$ is known as the scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagorized in three groups. Cubic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge Per delay Plots of peak particle velocity versus distoance were made on log-log coordinates. The data are grouped by test and P.P.V. The linear grouping of the data permits their representation by an equation of the form ; $V=K(\frac{D}{W^{\frac{1}{3}})^{-n}$ The value of K(41 or 124) and n(1.41 or 1.66) were determined for each set of data by the method of least squores. Statistical tests showed that a common slope, n, could be used for all data of a given components. Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom over loom distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m ------- under l00m ${\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}41(D/sqrt[2]{W})^{-1.41}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}A$ Over 100m ${\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}121(D/sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.66}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}B$ where ; V is peak particle velocity In cm / sec D is distance in m and W, maximLlm charge weight per day in kg K value on the above equation has to be more specified for further understaring about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.