• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

Water-soluble collagen (30 wt%) was entrapped within oil phase of lipstick using reversed micelle method to improve the moisture capacity of the lipstick. Reversed micelles containing collagen were prepared using caprylic/capric triglyceride as external phase and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) and 1-dodecanol as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The formation of reversed micelle encapsulating collagen was confirmed by measuring electric conductivity and UV-vis spectrum using methylene blue (MB). The stability and moisture capacity of the lipstick containing 20 wt% collagen encapsulated reversed micelles were observed by measuring rheology property, moisture content and amino acid content. The molecular ratio (W, water-pool) of water to surfactant (Triton X-100) in the most stable reversed micelle was ${\leq}$ 10. The hardness of the lipstick had no difference with that of the lipstick without reversed micelle, and the moisture content was increased to 59% and the amino acid content was 92.7%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase of Geranium nepalense extracts were investigated. The free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Geranium nepalense were in the order: 50% ethanol extract(15.0 ${\mu}g/mL$)${\mu}g/mL$). ${\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities($OSC_{50}$) of some Geranium nepalense extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescense assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were 50% ethanol extract($OSC_{50},\;0.23{\mu}g/mL$)${\mu}g/mL$)${\mu}g/mL$). Deglycosylated flavonoid fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Geranium nepalense on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Geranium nepalense extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated flavonoid fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, 676.7 min at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction on tyrosinase($IC_{50}$, 70.0 ${\mu}g/mL$) and elastase ($IC_{50}$, 19.9 ${\mu}g/mL$) was very high. Aglycone fractions obtained from the deglycosylation reaction of ethyl-acetate fraction among the Geranium nepalense extracts, showed 2 bands in TLC and 2 peaks in HPLC experiments (370 nm). Two components were identified as quercetin(composition ratio, 15.3%), kaempferol(82.8%). These results indicate that extract/fractions of Geranium nepalense can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And component analysis of Geranium nepalense extract and inhibitory activity on elastase of the aglycone fraction could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for smoothing wrinkles.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.311-330
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• 2014

Environmental impact of aircraft emissions can be addressed in two ways. Air quality impact occurs during landings and takeoffs while in-flight impact during climbs and cruises influences climate change, ozone and UV-radiation. The aim of this paper is to investigate airports related local emissions and fuel consumption (FC). It gives flight path optimization model linked to a dispersion model as well as numerical methods. Operational factors are considered and the cost function integrates objectives taking into account FC and induced pollutant concentrations. We have compared pollutants emitted and their reduction during LTO cycles, optimized flight path and with analysis by Dopelheuer. Pollutants appearing from incomplete and complete combustion processes have been discussed. Because of calculation difficulties, no assessment has been made for the soot, $H_2O$ and $PM_{2.5}$. In addition, because of the low reliability of models quantifying pollutant emissions of the APU, an empirical evaluation has been done. This is based on Benson's fuel flow method. A new model, giving FC and predicting the in-flight emissions, has been developed. It fits with the Boeing FC model. We confirm that FC can be reduced by 3% for takeoffs and 27% for landings. This contributes to analyze the intelligent fuel gauge computing the in-flight fuel flow. Further research is needed to define the role of $NO_x$ which is emitted during the combustion process derived from the ambient air, not the fuel. Models are needed for analyzing the effects of fleet composition and engine combinations on emission factors and fuel flow assessment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.359-364
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• 2002

The present study examined the effects of water extract of Hwangruynhaedoktang plus Yukmijihwangtang add Chogudeung (HYC) on the blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The HYC water extract blocked increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR. The urinary volume (UV), sodium (UNaV), potassium (UkV), and chloride (UclV) excretions were significantly increased in SHR administered with high dose of water extract of HYC, but urinary osmolality was not changed. The creatinine clearance (Ccr), which is index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was increased by administration of HYC, while solute-free water reabsorption (TcH2O) was not changed. Taken together, these results suggest that the depressor effects of HYC, at least in part, caused by diuretic effect due to increase of glomerular filtration rate.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

Purpose: The present study purposed to examine induced characteristic or erythema and safety by medium wave ultra violet(UVB) lamp. Methods: We compared sunshine and UVB lamp using spectroradiometer and UV radiometer. For measuring sunshine irradiation, we used spectoradiometer and detected from 8 to 18 o'clock every each hour on the beach, playground and rooftop of a 5 story building. The subjects for erythema examination were 5 healthy subjects who have no pathologic history of photosensitivity reaction, psoriasis and vitiligo. They were exposed to UVB radiation at the abdominal area for 2 hours and after irradiation, we observed the change of skin color every 12 hours over a period of 1 week. Results: Between sunshine and UVB lamp, sunshine had higher data on the chromaticity coordinates, dominant and peak wavelength, bandwidth and purity than the UVB lamp but on the color temperature, brightness the UVB lamp had higher data than the sunshine. In comparison of sunshine and UVB lamp, UVB lamp irradiated constantly such as $3.9-4.4{\mu}W/cm^2$ at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp which was same as early morning irradiation on the sunshine. The erythema didn't appear to any subject. Conclusion: This results suggest that the UVB lamp has lower irradiance as much as early sunshine. Therefore the UVB lamp had no influence of inducing erythema at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Background: The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng (Panax ginseng Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations of 25% azoxystrobin SC (150 g a.i./ha and 225 g a.i./ha) on ginseng plants were sprayed three times, and the changes in physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves were tested. Methods: Physiological and biochemical indices were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450). Every index was determined three times per replication. Extracts of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu LC20-AB) utilizing a GL-Wondasil $C_{18}$ column. Results: Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were significantly (p = 0.05) increased compared with the control by the application of azoxystrobin. Additionally, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and ginsenoside contents in azoxystrobin-treated plants were improved, and malondialdehyde content and $O_2^-$ contents were reduced effectively. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggested that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence was due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species. When the dose of azoxystrobin was 225 g a.i./ha, the effect was more significant. Conclusion: This work suggested that azoxystrobin played a role in delaying senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indices and improving ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.64-67
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• 2006

RF 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 AZO(Al 2wt%, ZnO 98wt%)박막을 glass위에 증착한 후 증착 시간과 증착 압력에 따른 면저항, roughness 및 광투과도를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 AZO박막의 면 저항은 4-point probe(Guardian, 402S)으로 측정하였으며 광투과도는 IR-VIS-UV spectrophotometer로 측정하였다. AZO 박막을 20분 증착하는 동안, 아르곤 flow양이 50, 100, 150sccm일 때 면저항은 $20\;{\Omega}/{\square}$이고, 200sccm일 때 $3744\;{\Omega}/{\square}$였다. AZO 박막의 두께를 일정하게 증착하는 동안, 아르곤 flow양이 50sccm일 때 면저항은 $49.6\;{\Omega}/{\square}$이고 100, 150, 200sccm일 때 $38{\Omega}/{\square}$였으며, 광투과도는 모두 80%이상을 보였다. Roughness는 각각 4.1nm, 7.6nm, 5.2nm, 16.9nm였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8177-8186
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• 2016

The present study was aimed at determining the effects of alkylating and oxidative stress inducing agents on a newly identified variant of DNA polymerase beta ($pol{\beta}{\Delta}_{208-304}$) specific for ovarian cancer. $Pol{\beta}{\Delta}_{208-304}$ has a deletion of exons 11-13 which lie in the catalytic part of enzyme. We compared the effect of these chemicals on HeLa cells and HeLa cells stably transfected with this variant cloned into in pcDNAI/neo vector by MTT, colony forming and apoptosis assays. $Pol{\beta}{\Delta}_{208-304}$ cells exhibited greater sensitivity to an alkylating agent and less sensitivity towards $H_2O_2$ and UV when compared with HeLa cells alone. It has been shown that cell death in $Pol{\beta}{\Delta}_{208-304}$ transfected HeLa cells is mediated by the caspase 9 cascade. Exon 11 has nucleotidyl selection activity, while exons 12 and 13 have dNTP selection activity. Hence deletion of this part may affect polymerizing activity although single strand binding and double strand binding activity may remain same. The lack of this part may adversely affect catalytic activity of DNA polymerase beta so that the variant may act as a dominant negative mutant. This would represent clinical significance if translated into a clinical setting because resistance to radiation or chemotherapy during the relapse of the disease could be potentially overcome by this approach.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 1998

In order to observe the anticellulolytic localization in the epithelia of the digestive tract such as esophagus, crop, and intestine of a Korean land snail N. samarangae, a cytochemical method and a immunogold labelling method were applied. For the cytochemical study on the cellulase activity, Benedict reaction method applied. And for the immunocytochemical study, the rabbit serum immunoglobuins (IgG) was obtained from the rabbits injected with cellulase which was extracted from body fluid of the snail. The digestive tract tissues of N. samarangae were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% OsO4 and embedded in Lowicryl K4M at -40$^{\circ}C$ under UV light (360 nm). The thin sections were loaded on the nickel grids and stained with the serum IgG and protein A-gold complex (particle size: 10 nm). Observations were undertaken with transmission electron microscope (Jeol, JEM-1010). The epithelium of the digestive tract was consisted of five types of cells. In the cytochemical study, the reaction products were found along the periphery of the vacuoles derived from the Bebedict reaction. In the immunocytochemical study, the protein-A gold particles were selectively labelled in Type 1, Type 3 and Type 4 cells in intestinal tissue. membranes of rER, in the surrounding cytoplasm of the rER and secretory granules, and in the apical cytoplasm of the cells. On the material being secreted from the apical cytoplasm was also labelled with the immunogold particles. The all results obtained throughtout present study suggest that the intestinal epithelium of the snail N. samarangae seretes cellulase as one of digestive enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

In this study, we fabricated the flexible pentacene TFTs with the polymer gate dielectric and contact printing method by using the silver nano particle ink as a source/drain material on plastic substrate. In this experiment, to lower the cross-linking temperature of the PVP gate dielectric, UV-Ozone treatment has been used and the process temperature is lowered to $90^{\circ}C$ and the surface is optimized by various treatment to improve device characteristics. We tried various surface treatments; $O_2$ Plasma, hexamethyl-disilazane (HMDS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment methods of gate dielectric/semiconductor interface, which reduces trap states such as -OH group and grain boundary in order to improve the OTFTs properties. The optimized OTFT shows the device performance with field effect mobility, on/off current ratio, and the sub-threshold slope were extracted as $0.63cm^2 V^{-1}s^{-1}$, $1.7{\times}10^{-6}$, and of 0.75 V/decade, respectively.