• Title/Summary/Keyword: $T_o$ generation

Search Result 163, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation by Methanol Extracts of Oenanthe javanica Seed in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes (돌미나리씨 추출물에 의한 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 분화 억제)

  • Ji, Hyang Hwa;Jeong, Hyun Young;Jin, Soojung;Kwon, Hyun Ju;Kim, Byung Woo
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.22 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1688-1696
    • /
    • 2012
  • Oenanthe javanica has been used as a food source and also in traditional folk medicine for its detoxifying properties and anti-microbial effects since ancient times. In this study, we evaluated the effect and mechanism of O. javanica seed methanol extract (OJSE) on adipocyte differentiation by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Under non-toxic conditions, OJSE treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of lipid droplet generation and triglyceride accumulation by suppressing adipocyte differentiation, which are associated with the decreased expression of key proadipogenic transcription factors including CCAAR/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$). OJSE also significantly inhibited proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through G1-phase arrest, indicating that OJSE blocked mitotic clonal expansion during adipocyte differentiation. Investigation of the alteration of G1 phase arrest-related proteins indicated a dose-dependent increase in the expression of p21 and reduction in expression of cyclin E, Cdk2, E2F-1 and phospho-Rb by OSJE. Taken together, these results suggest that OJSE inhibits adipocyte differentiation by blocking the mitotic clonal expansion, which is accompanied by preadipocyte cell cycle arrest.

A Study on the Speech Recognition for DDD Area - Name Using Vector Quantization with Time Information (시간 정보와 VQ를 이용한 DDD 지역명 인식에 관한 연구)

  • LEE S. K.;LEE K. S.;ANN T. O.;CHO H. J.;BYON Y. C.;KIM S. H.
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.8 no.5
    • /
    • pp.102-112
    • /
    • 1989
  • In this paper, we proposed the study on speaker-independent isolated word recognition for DDD area-name using vector quantization and chose total 146 DDD area-name to recognize words for application of dialing system. We made the codebook using 12th LPC cepstrum coefficients and used the minsum and the minimax method to find the centroid and we applied 3 splitting rule to a codebook generation. The single section and the multi section with time information were used to generate the codebooks and the over-lapped section codebook was used, too. From the experiment result, we proved that the minsum method was better than the minimax method and the evaluation of the system yielded an accuracy of about 90 percents In case of speaker-independent.

  • PDF

High plant regeneration and ectopic expression of OsMADS1 gene in root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus)

  • Lim Hak-Tae;Park Eung-Jun;Lee Ji-Young;Chun Ik-Jo;An Gyn-Heung
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.5 no.4
    • /
    • pp.215-219
    • /
    • 2003
  • Optimal shoot regeneration and transformation conditions of root type chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus cv Cesare) were studied. Leaf explants were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which contained NPTII as a selectable marker and a rice homeotic gene, OsMADS1, that encodes a MADS-domain-containing transcription factor. After one day of co-cultivation, explants were transferred to selection media consisting of MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L IAA, 70 mg/L kanamycin, and 250 mg/L cefotaxime. PCR and Southern blot analyses revealed stable integration of the OsMADS1 gene in the chicory genome. Four-teen original transgenic plants ($T_o$ plants) were acclimatized in the greenhouse and examined for their morphological characters. Most of the transgenic plants showed altered morphologies, such as short, bushy, and early-flowering phenotypes with reduced apical dominance. Additionally, half of the transgenic plants exhibited altered leaf shapes, and 4 out of 14 plants were sterile. These phenotypes were inherited by the next generation. Northern blot analysis confirmed expression of the OsMADS1 gene in both floral and vegetative organs.

Seasonal Variation and Statistical Analysis of Particulate Pollutants in Urban Air (도시대기립자상물질중 오염성분의 계절적 변동 및 통계적 해석)

  • 이승일
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.8-23
    • /
    • 1994
  • During the period from Mar., 1991 to Feb., 1992 66 tSP samples were collected by Hi volume air sampler at 1 sampling site in Seoul and the amount of concentration of 21 components(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, It Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pt Si, Ti, Zn, Zr ) were measured. And monthly and seasonal variation were surveyed and the principal component analysis( PCA ) were carried out with respect to these amount of pollutants, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface. The total amount of soluble ion in water was high in order o(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$> NO$_{3}$$^{-}$> N%'>Cl$^{-}$ and metal ion was high in order of Na> Ca>Si> Fe> Al> K> Mg> Zn> Pb> Cu>Ti> Mn > Ba> Cr> Zr> Ni> Cd. There was Seasonal variation in concentration for SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Na, Al, Ca, Bt Mg, Fe and Si. It was assumed that the components of the highest concentration on April were depend on yellow sand and the frequency of wind velocity and direction. As the results of PCA, the amount of pollution components was able to characterized with two principal components(Z$_{1}$, Z$_{2}$ ). The first principal components Z$_{1}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from natural generation and The second principal components Z$_{2}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from human work. The monthly concentration of pollutants in ISP, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface was possible to evaluate by the use of these two principal components Z$_{1}$ and Z$_{2}$ .

  • PDF

Antioxidative Effects of Scutellariae Radix Aaquaacupuncture Solution on Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Free Radicals (자유기에 의한 지질과산화 반응에 대한 황금 약침액의 항산화 효능)

  • Kim Sung-Il;Moon Jin-Young;Kim Kap-Sung;Kim Doo-Hie;Nam Kyung-Soo;Lim Jong-Kook
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.48-54
    • /
    • 1997
  • Scutellariae radix, has been used as a natural drug for fever, inflammation, cataract, and liver disease in traditional medicine. This study was performed in order to investigate the antioxidative effects of Scutellariae radix aqua-acupuncture solution (SRAS) on lipid peroxidation by free radicals. Lipid peroxidation levels were determined by TBA method during the autoxidation of linoleic acid. In this linoleic acid autoxidation system, SRAS markedly exhibited antioxidant activity, which inhibited 89% of linoleic acid peroxidation. SRAS showed scavenging effects on ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$(DPPH) radical, inhibited superoxide generation in xanthine-xathine oxidase system, and also inhibited lipid peroxidation of rat liver tissue by hydroxyl radical derived from $H_2O_2-FE^{+2}$ system. These effects were similar to those of $dl-{\alpha}-tocopherol$, BHA and BHT. In addition, SRAS protected the cell death induced by ter-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and significantly increased cell viability in the normal rat liver cell (Ac2F). On the basis of these results, it is suggested that SRAS might play a protective role in lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

  • PDF

$SO_2$ and CO Removal Characteristics in Various Applied Voltage of Nonthermal Discharge Plasma in a Crossed DC Magnetic Field (전.자계상의 전원장치변화에 따른 비열방전 플라즈마의 $SO_2$와 CO가스 제거특성)

  • Lee, Geun-Taek;Geum, Sang-Taek;Mun, Jae-Duk
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
    • /
    • v.48 no.3
    • /
    • pp.215-220
    • /
    • 1999
  • $SO_2$and CO gas removal characteristics of a wire-to-cylinder type nonthermal discharge plasma reactor in various applied voltage (-dc, ac, fast rising pulse and high frequency pulse) and a crossed dc magnetic field have been investigated. The experiment has been emphasized on the oxidizing characteristics of $SO_2$ and CO gas by $O_3$ and the applying of a crossed magnetic field, which would induce the cyclotronic and drift motions of electrons making the residual time longer in the removal airgap space. And it also would enhance the energy of electrons and the electrophysicochemical actions to remove the pollutant gases effectively. It is found thatthe corona onset voltage and the breakdown voltage were decreased with increasing the crossed magnetic field and decrease initial fed $SO_2$and CO concentration. As a result, a higher ozone generation and $SO_2$ and CO gas removal rate of 20[%] can be obtained with -dc, ac and fast rising pulse corona discharges in the crossed dc current-induced magnetic field. But high frequency pulse didn't show effect in applying of a crossed magnetic field.

  • PDF

Temperature Effect on the Interface Trap in Silicon Nanowire Pseudo-MOSFETs

  • Nam, In-Cheol;Kim, Dae-Won;Heo, Geun;Najam, Syed Faraz;Hwang, Jong-Seung;Hwang, Seong-U
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
    • /
    • 2013.02a
    • /
    • pp.487-487
    • /
    • 2013
  • According to shrinkage of transistor, interface traps have been recognized as a major factor which limits the process development in manufacturing industry. The traps occur through spontaneous generation process, and spread into the forbidden band. There is a large change of current though a few traps are existed at the Si-SiO2 interface. Moreover, the increased temperature largely affects to the leakage current due to the interface trap. For this reason, we made an effort to find out the relationship between temperature and interface trap. The subthreshold swing (SS) was investigated to confirm the correlation. The simulated results show that the sphere of influence of trap is enlarged according to increase in temperature. To investigate the relationship between thermal energy and surface potential, we extracted the average surface potential and thermal energy (kT) according to the temperature. Despite an error rate of 6.5%, change rates of both thermal energy and average surface potential resemble each other in many ways. This allows that SS is affected by the trap within the range of the thermal energy from the surface energy.

  • PDF

Relationship Between the Initiation and Propagation of SCC and the Electrochemical Noise of Alloy 600 for the Steam Generator Tubing of Nuclear Power Plants

  • Kim, Y.S.;Nam, H.S.;Kwon, Y.H.;Kim, S.W.;Kim, H.P.;Chang, H.Y.
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.57-66
    • /
    • 2010
  • Since nuclear power plants are being operated under high temperature and high pressure, on-line monitoring technique to detect corrosion could be more effective than off-line method in shut-off period. In this operating condition, electrochemical noise method may be suitable to monitor the corrosion. This paper aims the analysis on the relation between the cracking and electrochemical noise signal of Alloy 600 under U-bending. When electrochemical noise monitoring technique was used during SCC test, it was judge to be obvious that if cracks generate, its generation can be detected by electrochemical current noise. Cracking-related noise was defined as the noise showing 5~10 times greater than the average value of background noise bands. On the base of crack noise, crack initiation time was determined. From SCC test and electrochemical noise monitoring in $25^{\circ}C$, 0.1 M $Na_2S_4O_6$ solution (Reverse U-Bended Alloy 600 SE+), average crack initiation time was obtained as 9,046 seconds and from its initiation time, it could be defined that net crack propagation rate is the crack length divided by ${\Delta}T$(= total test period - crack initiation time). Therefore, average net crack propagation rate was obtained to be $1.18{\times}10^{-9}\;m/s$.

A Study on Polarization of the Molten Carvonate Fuel Cell (용융탄산염 연료전지의 분극현상 연구)

  • Nam, S.W.;Suh, S.H.;Lim, T.H.;Oh, LH.;Hong, S.A.;Lim, H.C.
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.55-62
    • /
    • 1992
  • To improve the MCFC performance it is important to distingush between polarization losses occuring in the individual electrodes and other components. In this study a current interruption technique has been applied to a MCFC unit cell having a reference electrode to separately study the contributions of IR loss and other polarization losses. At a current density of $150mA/cm^2$ the IR-free polarization of a Ni anode was about 60mV while that of a NiO cathode was 130mV and the Ohmic loss of the cell was as large as 170mV suggesting that both the cathode and the cell structure need further improvement. The thin-film electrode model was used to simulate the performance of the electrodes. Both andoe data and cathode data were successfully fitted.

  • PDF

Expression of FMD virus-like particles in yeast Hansenula polymorpha and immunogenicity of combine with CpG and aluminum adjuvant

  • Jianhui Zhang;Jun Ge;Juyin Li;Jianqiang Li;Yong Zhang;Yinghui Shi;Jiaojiao Sun;Qiongjin Wang;Xiaobo Zhang;Xingxu Zhao
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.15.1-15.13
    • /
    • 2023
  • Background: Inactivated vaccines are limited in preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to safety problems. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are an excellent candidate for a novel vaccine for preventing FMD, given that VLPs have similar immunogenicity as natural viruses and are replication- and infection-incompetent. Objectives: The 3C protease and P1 polyprotein of type O FMD virus (FDMV) was expressed in yeast Hansenula polymorpha to generate self-resembling VLPs, and the potential of recombinant VLPs as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant purified VLPs using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant. Cytokines and lymphocytes from serum and spleen were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and flow cytometry. Results: The VLPs of FMD were purified successfully from yeast protein with a diameter of approximately 25 nm. The immunization of mice showed that animals produced high levels of FMDV antibodies and a higher level of antibodies for a longer time. In addition, higher levels of interferon-γ and CD4+ T cells were observed in mice immunized with VLPs. Conclusions: The expression of VLPs of FMD in H. polymorpha provides a novel strategy for the generation of the FMDV vaccine.