• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.221-223
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• 1999

In this work, samples were manufactured variously by changing conventional calcining and sintering conditions and we tried the utilization by making the heat treatment time, which is demanded to high-Tc phase formation, much shorter. We found out optimal heat treatment conditions with the analysis on formation process at superconducting phase in term of the change of calcining and sintering time and then, examined X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope(SEM) measurement and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX) of the samples manufactured under heat treatment conditions which we suggest here. As a result, 2223 high-$T_c$, phase of (Bi,Pb)SrCaCuO superconductor starting with ($Bi_l$ xPbx,)$_2$$Sr_2$$Ca_2$$Cu_3$$O_y$, composition was formed from 1 hr sintering sample at temperature nearby melting point and also the completed sample with calcining and sintering time of 9 hr was formed high-$T_c$.low-$T_c$ phase appearing in sight above the critical temperature of liquid $N_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.394-402
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• 1995

Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of the ferrous ferrite system of (Mg0.29-yMnyFe0.71)3-$\delta$O4 have been measured as function of the thermodynamic variables, cationic composition(y), temperature(T) and oxygen partial pressure(Po2) under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions at elevated temperatures. On the basis of the electrical properties-phase stability correlation, the stability regions of the ferrite spinel and its neighboring phases have been subsequently located in the log Po2 vs. y and log Po2 vs. 1/T planes in the ranges of 0 y 0.29, 1100 T/$^{\circ}C$ 1400 and 10-14 Po2/atm 1. The stability region, Δlog Po2(y, 1/T), of the ferrite spinel single phase widens with increasing Mn-content(y) and the boundaries of each region are linear against 1/T with negative slopes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-266
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• 1991

The growth of T. novellus in auto trophic and geterotrophic media was studied to determine the time required for cells to enter stationary phase and relative percentage of ribosomal proteins. When T. novellus was grown autotrophically, growth proceeded at a slow rate characteristic of autotrophs and did not enter log phase until the end of the first day. Logarithmic growth proceeded for 3-4 days at which time the cells entered the stationary phase. In particular, logarithmic growth was accompanied by decreasing pH of culture media and in the stationary phase the pH levelled off at 6.0, a decrease of 1.6 pH value compared to original pH of media. The pH decrease was greatest during log phase when cells oxidized thiosulfate to $H_{2}$$SO_{4}$. The doubling time was about 26h. In heterotrophic media growth proceeded at a much faster rate and cells entered stationary phase 20-22h after inoculation. The doubling time was 3h. The protein content of the ribosomes in T. novellus grown heterotrophically was 4.2% greater than those from the organism grown autotrophically.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

Background: Nefopam has shown an analgesic effect on acute pain including postoperative pain. The reuptake of monoamines including serotonin and noradrenaline has been proposed as the mechanism of the analgesic action of nefopam, but it remains unclear. Although alpha-adrenergic agents are being widely used in the perioperative period, the role of noradrenergic modulation in the analgesic effect of nefopam has not been fully addressed. Methods: Changes in the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal (i.t.) nefopam against formalin-elicited flinching responses were explored in Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with i.t. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which depletes spinal noradrenaline. In addition, antagonism to the effect of nefopam by prazosin and yohimbine was evaluated to further elucidate the antinociceptive mechanism of i.t. nefopam. Results: Pretreatment with i.t. 6-OHDA alone did not alter the flinching responses in either phase of the formalin test, while it attenuated the antinociceptive effect of i.t. nefopam significantly during phase 1, but not phase 2. The antagonist of the alpha-2 receptor, but not the alpha-1 receptor, reduced partially, but significantly, the antinociceptive effect of i.t. nefopam during phase 1, but not during phase 2. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that spinal noradrenergic modulation plays an important role in the antinociceptive effect of i.t. nefopam against formalin-elicited acute initial pain, but not facilitated pain, and this action involves the spinal alpha-2 but not the alpha-1 receptor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2008

The KIDEA process, occurred in single reactor, is operated by three consequential steps, i.e., aerobic, settling, and discharge while introducing wastewater into the bottom of reactor continuously. It could accomplish biological oxidation (BOD), nitrification, denitrification (T-N), phosphate removal (T-P), and solid separation (SS) through the operational mode mentioned. Especially, this system has removed the T-P by wasting certain amount of sludge at the end of aeration phase during 5~10 minutes and not returned the activated sludge into the reactor, that is, no RAS (Return Activated Sludge). All running mode and instrumentation were controlled by the PLC equipment automatically. In this study, therefore, we have evaluated T-P removal efficiency and moisture content (MC) performance under the different excess sludge wasting mode. T-P track study and MC with TS concentration were analyzed during aerobic and settling phase. It has revealed that there was no significant difference of released T-P concentration between the first case which waste the sludge at the end of aerobic phase (0.2mg/L) and the second case which waste the sludge at 40 min of settling phase (0.25mg/L). Also, dewatering duration and MC have decreased 1.7% when TS concentration was increased from 0.31% to 0.5% during aerobic condition. Hence, it has concluded the system performance was less influenced by the operation time change of PLC program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1214-1225
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• 2023

We investigated the effect of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages. Forty Holstein steers with an average body weight (BW) of 234.21 ± 7.42 kg and 7.78 ± 0.22 months were randomly allocated to two experimental groups; a 22-month-old experimental group and a 24-month-old experimental group. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) for each group were set to 70% (T1) and 72% (T2) during fattening phase and 74% (T3) and 76% (T4) for the finishing phase, respectively. No difference was observed in the final BW between the experimental groups during the fattening phase. However, in the finishing phase, the final BW of T4 (820.31 kg) group was significantly higher than that of T1 (745.57 kg; p < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of T2 group in the finishing phase and overall period were 1.27 kg and 1.26 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of T1 (1.11 kg and 1.12 kg; p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and TDN conversion ratio of T2 group in the finishing phase also decreased by 10.23% and 7.73%, respectively, compared to those of T1. The cold carcass weight of T4 group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of T1, whereas back fat thickness, longissimus area, and marbling score were not significantly different among groups. No differences were observed in physicochemical characteristics of the carcass including moisture, crude protein, and crude fat content among groups. However, the composition of fatty acids differed significantly between the groups. The content of C18:0 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in T4 than in T1 group, and the content of C18:2 was higher in T4 than in T1 and T3 (p < 0.05). Therefore, feeding Holstein steers at a high-energy feeding level during the fattening and finishing phases improves ADG and reduces the slaughter age from 24 months to 22 months.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2010

The effectiveness of 3.0T phase array coil images was tested by comparing signal-to-noise ratios for the same coil images relative to 1.5T endorectal coil images. Signal intensities were measured in the three regions of prostate, central and peripheral (right and left) after 40 patients with prostate cancer were imaged during the period between Jan. 2008 and Oct. 2009 with T2 W, T1 W, and DW images obtained respectively using endorectal coil on a 1.5T MR scanner and phase array coil on a 3.0T MR scanner. For quantitative analysis, comparisons of average SNRs for the same ROIs were made between groups scanned with a 1.5T and a 3.0T MR scanner. The signal-to-noise ratios were shown to increase more sharply when using a phase array coil at a 3.0T MR scanner compared to using an endorectal coil at a 1.5T MR scanner.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.377-383
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• 1997

Yttria-stabilized TZP alloyed with pentavalent oxides $(Ta_2O_5,\;Nb_2O_5)$ were fabricated by the conventional sintering method at $1500^{\circ}C$ in air to construct the simplified ternary phase diagram. The phase stability of tetragonal -$ZrO_2$ from the quasi-binary system $ZrO_2-YTa(Nb)O_4$, which do not transform to monoclinic-$ZrO_2$ even for a wide range of grain size and annealing temperature, was investigated to determine composition region of the non-transformable $t-ZrO_2$ solid solution$(NT_{ss})$. Phase stability of $NT_{ss}$ was probably due to the enhanced stability of $_YTa(Nb)O4$ having the tetragonal fergusonite structure. It was experimentally found that mixtures having $NT_{ss}$ alloyed with $T_{ss}$ by weight%% showed both excellent phase stability of $t-ZrO_2$ and fracture toughness even though the calculated composition of the mixture /was located outside $NT_{ss}$ composition region.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a member of the Kin I (internal motor domain) subfamily of kinesin-related proteins, is known to play a role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we have produced a rat polyclonal antibody using human MCAK (HsMCAK) expressed in E. coli as the antigen. The antibody specifically recognized the HsMCAK protein (81 kDa), and could detect its nuclear localization in human Jurkat T cells and 293T cells by Western blot analysis. The specific stage of the cell cycle was obtained through blocking by either hydroxyl urea or nocodazole and subsequent releasing from each blocking for 2, 4, and 7 h. While the protein level of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase with slight decline in the $G_{2}-M$ phase, the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$ began to be induced in the late S phase and reached a maximum level in the $G_{2}/M $ phase, and then it disappeared as the cells enter into the $G_{1}$ phase. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that HsMCAK protein localized to centrosome and nucleus at the interphase, whereas it appeared to localize to the spindle pole, centromere of the condensed mitotic DNA, spindle fiber, or midbody, depending on the specific stage of the M phase. These results demonstrate that a rat polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant HsMCAK expressed in E. coli specifically detects human MCAK, and indicate that the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$, which may be associated with its differential intracellular localization during the cell cycle, fluctuates with a maximum level of the shift at the $G_{2}-M$ phase.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 1996

The structural and electric properties of $Y_{1-x}$YbF$_{x}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-y}$(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) have been investigated by using XRD(X-ray diffraction), TMA(thennomechanical analysis), NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis and four probe method. $Y_{1-x}$YbF$_{x}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-y}$ samples were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method using $Y_{2}$O$_{3}$, BaCO$_{3}$, CuO and YbF$_{3}$ power. TMA and high temperature XRD results shows that orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition occurs in the unfluorinated 1-2-3 sample while the phase change is not observed in the fluorinated 1-2-3 samples. Superconducting transition temperature(T$_{c}$) increases with increasing YbF$_{3}$ content ; T$_{c}$, of the sample reaching maximum of 102K for x=0.3, and then decreases with further increasing YbF$_{3}$ content. The structural analysis and T$_{c}$ results shows that the fluorine doping stabilize the orthorhombic phase, together with the increase in T$_{c}$.}$ c/.TEX> c/.