• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to identify the significance of climate factors related to the significance of change of dry matter yield (DMY) of whole crop maize (WCM) by year through the exploratory data analysis. The data (124 varieties; n=993 in 7 provinces) was prepared after deletion and modification of the insufficient and repetitive data from the results (124 varieties; n=1027 in 7 provinces) of import adaptation experiment done by National Agricultural Cooperation Federation. WCM was classified into early-maturity (25 varieties, n=200), mid-maturity (40 varieties, n=409), late-maturity (27 varieties, n=234) and others (32 varieties, n=150) based on relative maturity and days to silking. For determining climate factors, 6 weather variables were generated using weather data. For detecting DMY and climate factors, SPSS21.0 was used for operating descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk test. Mean DMY by year was classified into upper and lower groups, and a statistically significant difference in DMY was found between two groups (p<0.05). To find the reasons of significant difference between two groups, after statistics analysis of the climate variables, it was found that Seeding-Harvesting Accumulated Growing Degree Days (SHAGDD), Seeding-Harvesting Precipitation (SHP) and Seeding-Harvesting Hour of sunshine (SHH) were significantly different between two groups (p<0.05), whereas Seeding-Harvesting number of Days with Precipitation (SHDP) had no significant effects on DMY (p>0.05). These results indicate that the SHAGDD, SHP and SHH are related to DMY of WCM, but the comparison of R2 among three variables (SHAGDD, SHP and SHH) couldn't be obtained which is needed to be done by regression analysis as well as the prediction model of DMY in the future study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.621-626
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• 2018

We introduced the physiological responses of aging, active aging and also suggest the impact of physical exercise on body health status and elderly immunity. In this purpose, we searched the Pub Med data base for the articles (include our experimental papers) and review papers having the terms 'Aging', 'Active aging' and 'Physical activity and elderly' in the title, published from 1999 until 2018. The results were as follows: Exercise training has been extensively studied about the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, disease, and aging in syndrome X patients and elderly. Combined and aerobic or resistance exercise training could reduce obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Exercise training has been extensively studied in cancer settings as part of prevention or treatment strategies. From this research, regular exercise has the potential to target tumor growth through regulation of inflammation and immune responses such as lactate clearance, NK cell activation (innate immunity), activation of cytotoxic immune cells, T cell activation (adaptive immunity), and immune surveillance. However, Endurance physical activity not only induces thermogenesis and diverse sports injuries but also elicits mobilization and functional enhancement of monocytes, neutrophils (which is caused by the cytokine changes such as TNF-alpha, IL-1) whereas it suppresses cell mediated immunity causing to increased susceptibility to inflammation and infections like cough and URTIs (upper respiratory track infections) in young and especially in elderly people. Therefore, Strategies to prevent physical fatigue, sports injuries include avoid overtraining, Adequate recovery and various type of rest during and after physical activity and assuring adequate nutrition supplementation such as glutamine, vitamin B, vitamin C, carbohydrate, ion or berry-contain sports beverages is helpful in physically active elderly.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.317-346
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in teachers' recognition of science class and children for the gifted, and the process of changes in their practical knowledge after the experience of science class and conversation with colleague teachers. Two elementary teachers, teacher A and B, were selected as subject of investigation, who wanted to improve their science class. They experienced the process of self-examination during their class and from class conversations. Teacher A has 10 years of teaching experience. She has been in contact with gifted children and observed them since undergraduate. She entered the graduate school since she came to be interested in science class and children for the gifted. While teacher B has only three years of teaching experience and had a first contact with the gifted after graduate school. The results of this study are as follows. Teacher A didn't change recognition of gifted children class by class conversation in short term because she had a firm faith in good class teaching and was rich in class teaching knowledge. And, her practical knowledge was applied to the next class by changing teaching method or by supplementing her class contents in concerned part through class observation and class conversation with her colleagues. Teacher B was characterized as being lack of class confidence and concerned more about subject knowledge. She was forming a new practical knowledge along with new class teaching knowledge. Teacher B was in trouble with applying new practical knowledge to next class. From such findings, it was concluded that the process of changing or forming of practical knowledge depends on the beliefs, values, experiences, or knowledges of each teacher. A reflection on one' own class teaching could be a good way to form a practical knowledge and improve teaching speciality, when it was concerned with self-reflection of their own class, class observation, and communication with colleagues. Thus, the reflection practice could be applied to the teaching program of teachers for the gifted to form practical knowledge through trial class, self-reflection of class, and conversation with colleagues.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on the evaluation of a female teachers' role-performance based on appearance according to the clothing attitude of students and their parents. Based on the results of this study a female teachers' role-performance evaluation can be broken down into four ability areas: leaning guidance, living guidance, human relations, and learning management. Likewise the clothing attitudes of students and their parents can be divided into three groups, the clothing oriented group, the trend-individuality group, and the chastity oriented group. The trend-individuality group of students felt that female teachers' appearances have a significant effect on learning guidance and human relations ability while parents thought that there was little relationship or that it has a moderate effect on the role of learning guidance. Because the concerns of students and parents about female teachers' clothing has an effect on female teachers' role performance evaluation, when directing a student group with a high concern for clothing, female teachers need to be sensitive about their appearances and it's affect on learning guidance, human relations, and class management. Based on these results, students and parents felt that female teachers' appearances have an effect on their role performance according to their clothing attitudes.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.46-75
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• 2004

This research anticipated on acknowledging the inpatients factors in choosing which hospital for the geriatric hospital and general hospital they would prefer to go to the analization of different factors in patients satisfaction, and the relation between satisfactory standards and the patients intentions on recommendation or re-visiting the hospital. The statistical data was based upon the 359 question and answer papers that were done by inpatients that were hospitalized in two geriatric hospitals and two general hospitals, and the methods used for analyzing were frequency, t-test, factor analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results are as follows. 1. The factors on choosing hospitals between geriatric hospital and general hospitals were different. The priority for the geriatrics was kindness, and then considerate nursing, and the reliance of treatment. The patients of general hospitals looked first for reliance of treatment, reputation and history of the hospital, and the kindness of the staff. The kindness of the staff, good nursing, and easy procedures were the primary factors of choosing geriatric hospital. 2. The four primary factors in choosing which hospital patients would go to were the predominance of the facilities, kindness and convenience, the reliance and proximity of medical treatment, and recommendation. The patients in the geriatric hospital first looked for kindness and convenience, second the reliance and proximity of medical treatment, third predominance of facilities, and last recommendation. The general hospitals main priority was the reliance and proximity of medical care, second predominance of facilities, kindness and hospitality, and last recommendation. 3. The satisfaction rate was higher in the geriatric hospital compared to general hospitals, but the satisfactory of factors were very similar. Patients in the geriatric hospital were pleased with the hospital staffs kindness, quick nursing and the improvement of inconvenient matters, and clear diagnosis of the doctors. The general hospital patients were satisfied with the hospital staffs clear explanation and accurate diagnosis 4. The analysis in the satisfactory factors turned out to be the environment of the hospital, kindness of the staff, and convenience. Both the patients of the geriatric hospital and general hospitals were very pleased with the kindness of the hospital staff. Ranking second and third was convenience and service for the geriatric hospital, and environment of the hospital and convenience for the general hospital. 5. According to a rank of multiple recurrent analysis of the patients satisfaction and the intention of re-visiting in addition to intention of solicitation, in the case of a geriatric hospital, when the intention of re-visiting is the dependent variable, the first stage shows that the less insurance the patient has, the higher was the intention of re-visiting. In the second stage, the more satisfied the patient is of the staffs kindness, the higher was the intention of re-visiting. Further more, when the intention of solicitation is the dependent variable, the first stage shows that not all the independent variables were significant, but the second stage shows that the more satisfied the patient is of the staffs kindness and the hospital along with the medical treatment expenses, the higher was the intention of solicitation. 6. In the first stage of a rank of multiple recurrent analysis of the satisfaction of the general hospital and the intention of re-visiting, not all the variables were significant, but in the second stage, all the satisfaction by factors were significant. Moreover, when the intention of solicitation was the dependent variable, the first stage shows not all the variables were significant, but in the second stage, all the satisfaction by factors were significant. That is to say, in the case of a general hospital, the satisfaction of the hospital and the medical treatment expenses were high, and the more satisfied the patient is of the hospitals environment and the staffs kindness, the intention of re-visiting and the intention of solicitation was higher.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.522-528
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to inquire into molecular epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. For this study, 120 strains(120 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sampled from diarrhea patients) were examined and analyzed for biochemical characteristics, TDH (thermostable direct hemolysin) antibiotics sensitivity and detection of toxR, gyrE, tdh, and tds gents. G-S PCR (Group Specific Polymerase), PFGE (Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoriesis) methods were performed on the materials from patients were results. 1 Vibrio parahaemolyticus didn't grow in 0% density of NaCl, but the fact was found that those grew in 8% density of NaCl. 2. O：K serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was turned up in domestic patients was 17 types. Among those O3：K6 was the most, it was 68.3%. 3. In 18 kinds of antibiotic tests resistant against Ampicillin, Ticacillin was comparatively high. the case of resistant against Ampicillin, Ticacillin, Vancomycin at the multiple resistant was 52.5%. 4. Toxin gene tdh had only 109 strains among 120 ones isolated from patients held the genes of 199bp size, and 11 strains was negativity 5. In the test of Kanagawa toxic productivity, 107 strains among strains isolated from patients appeared to be positivity reaction 6. The strain that held trh toxin was only 3, and those among test strains had the genes of 250bp size and that had tdh, trh genes at a time were 3 strains, and TDH toxic productivity of those were 16 times, and it was weak. 7. Group Specific-PCR appeared to be useful in the confirmation of O3:K6 serotype interrelations. 8. Three strains which showed difference of 7 DNA sequence even in the same serotype were detected by the result of analyzing the regular gene, toxRS DNA sequence. These strains are differ from general strains which carry infection easily. 9. These mutual dose epidemiological relations were classified into smaller-parts through PFGE method. As a result of such classify, 3 findings were found. V. parahaemolyticus sampled from diarrhea patients were classified into 3 types. And third, the result obtained through PFGE method can be used as a useful tool in a point of molecular-epidemiological view.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.108-123
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the contribution of $^{18}$ F-FDG brain PET in the differentiating Idiopathic parkinson's diesease (IPD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We studied 24 patients with parkinsonism : 8 patients (mean age 67.9$\pm$10.7 y: M/F : 3/5) with IPD, 9 patients (57.9$\pm$9.2 y : M/F : 4/5) with MSA and 7 patients (67.6$\pm$4.8 y : M/F 3/4) with PSP. All patients with parkinsonism and 22 age-matched normal controls underwent $^{18}$ F FDG PET in 3D mode after the injection of 370 MBq $^{118}$ F FDG. The patients with IPD, MSh and PSP were compared with a normal control group by a two-sided t-test of SPM99 (uncorrected P<0.001, extent threshold>100 voxel). All three parkinsonism groups, showed significant hypometabolism in the cerebral neocortex compared to the normal control group. However, the three groups displayed different metabolism in the subcortical structure, brain stem, and cerebellum. In IPD, there was no significant hypometabolism in the putamen, brain stem and cerebellum. However, MSA patients showed significant hypometabolism in the striatum, pons, and cerebellum compared to the normal controls and IPD patients. In addition, PSP showed significant hypometabolism in the caudate nuclei, the thalamus, midbrain, and the cingulate gyrus compared to the normal controls, the IPD, and MSA groups (IPD vs Normal sensitivity/specificity : 75%/l00%, MSA vs Normal sensitivity/specificity :100%/87%, PSP vs Normal sensitivity/specificity : 86%/94%). Our results show that the regional metabolism of IPD, MSA, and PSP is different mainly in the striatum, thalamus, brain stem and cerebellum. An assessment of the $^{18}$ F-FDG PET scan images using SPM may be a useful adjunct to a clinical examination in making a differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.626-634
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of 3% ground fresh paprika (FP) and 5% freeze-dried paprika powder (FDP) on lipid oxidation inhibition and warmed-over flavor (WOF) development in cooked ground pork (CGP; meat:fat = 70:30), using two packaging methods (atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging) during 8 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and 4 months at $-26^{\circ}C$. In the CGP containing FP with atmosphere packaging, at both $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-26^{\circ}C$, peroxide formation increased sharply, and was similar to that of the CGP without paprika. Peroxide formation, in both the CGP without paprika and with FP and packaged with vacuum packaging, repectively, was much lower than that found with atmosphere packaging. Vacuum packaging was superior to atmosphere packaging for lipid oxidation inhibition. In the CGP containing FP with vacuum packaging and stored at $-26^{\circ}C$, peroxide formation almost didn't occur, which was similar to the CGP containing FDP. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value did not increase in the CGP containing FDP over the storage periods ($4^{\circ}C\;and\;-26^{\circ}C$) for both the atmosphere and vacuum packaging. Therefore, FDP was the most effective for lipid oxidation inhibition during refrigerated storage, regardless of the packaging method. Both FP and FDP with vacuum packaging during frozen storage showed similar antioxidant activities. The development of WOF in the CGP containing FDP with vacuum packaging was delayed until 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and 3 months at $-26^{\circ}C$, respectively. WOF was highly correlated with TBA value in the CGP stored at $-26^{\circ}C$ with vacuum packaging (r = 0.88, p<0.05). The oxidative stability of the lipid in the CGP containing FDP with vacuum packaging was excellent.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2010

Nearly NS-trending Fe-Ti ore bodies intermittently occur in the Hadong anorthosites, south Korea, irrespective of the rock types of the anorthosites. In order to determine their occurrence mode and deformation history, we collected the features of occurrence and geological structures in the field, petrographic features using thin sections of the principal constituent rocks, and geochemical data of ilmenites in the ore body using electron probe microanalysis. Fe-Ti ore bodies examined in this study are divided into two types: dike- and lamina-types. It is steadily supported that the dike-type has intruded into the anorthositic rocks after their emplacement and solidification. And the laminar-type is probably a result of the mylonitization and transposition of the dike-type ore bodies parallel to the shear planes, due to later strong dextral ductile shearing. In the meantime, the Fe-Ti ore bodies have experienced the stronger dextral shearing in the more northern part of the study area, i.e. Cheongryong-ri, Wolhoeng-ri, Jonghwa-ri, and Jayangri and Baekun-ri in ascending order of its strength, together with the less content of $TiO_2$. All ilmenites of the ore bodies have very similar chemical composition, as pure ilmenite of 52~55 wt.% in $TiO_2$ content, irrespective of the occurrence mode and degree of later ductile shearing of the ore bodies. And they didn't experience to exsolve into magnetite. The structural data indicate that the Hadong anorthosites have deformed by NNE-trending folding, intrusion of the Fe-Ti ore bodies, NNW~NNE-trending dextral ductile shearing, NW~NNW-trending sinistral semi-brittle shearing, and intrusion of NNE~NE-trending mafic dykes in descending order of chronology after the formation of foliation of the anorthositic rocks. The foliation is interpreted as a result of the accumulation of crystals that settle out from the magma by the action of gravity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2009

This research conducted a survey on the feeding crane's size, formation and distribution distance subsequent to road pattern and feeding flock's size during the wintering season eight times at the Cheolwon basin in Korea from December 2005 until February 2006. The survey results are as follows: First, the feeding flocks of the Red-crowned and White-naped Crane were found to mainly consist of two to four individuals. Mono-specific feeding flocks were more identified than hetero-specific feeding flocks in both Red-crowned and White-naped Cranes. There existed a significant difference in the ratio by size between the feeding Red-crowned and White-naped Cranes. The crane's average distribution distance from the paved road was much farther than from the unpaved road, paved farm road and unpaved farm road. In case of the white-naped crane, there was a difference in its distance length from between the road and farm road and there existed a significant difference only in the paved road in the distance length by road pattern between these two bird species[Red-crowned and White-naped Crane]. Such a result indicates that crane species don't prefer the road with frequent vehicular traffic to the road with low vehicular traffic. 5 or more individuals of feeding flocks of the Red-crowned Crane were located at a farther distance length from the paved road comparing to less than 5 individuals of the whole feeding flocks and less than 5 individual feeding flocks. 5 or more individuals of feeding flocks of the White-naped Crane were located at a farther distance length from the paved road, paved farm road and unpaved farm road than less than 5 individuals of feeding flocks of the White-naped Crane; however, there existed no difference in distance length subsequent to their group size. Conclusively, it was found out that the flocks with a larger size were more greatly affected by interrupting factors. Considering such results, there seems to be a more relation to the fact that larger size feeding flocks of crane species have a higher efficiency in the lookout for their surroundings.