• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.635-646
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• 2024

In this research work, we introduce and investigate four innovative types of soft spaces, pushing the boundaries of traditional spatial concepts. These new types of soft spaces are named as soft T_b space, soft T^#_b space, soft T^##_b space and soft_αT^#_b space. Through rigorous analysis and experimentation, we uncover and propose distinct characteristics that define and differentiate these spaces. In this research work, we have established that every soft $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space is a soft _αT^#_b space, every soft T_b space is a soft _αT^#_b space, every soft T^#_b space is a soft _αT^#_b space, every soft T_b space is a soft T^#_b space, every soft T^#_b space is a soft T^##_b space, every soft $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space is a soft ^#T_b space and every soft T_b space is a soft #T_b space.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1425-1431
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• 2015

The lymphocyte component of the immune system is divided into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes produce antibodies (humoral immunity) via maturation into plasma cells, and T lymphocytes kill other cells or organisms (cellular immunity). A traditional immunological paradigm is that B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte interactions are a one-way phenomenon, with T lymphocytes helping to induce the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin class-switched plasma cells. A deficiency of T lymphocytes was reported to result in defective B lymphocyte function. However, evidence for a reciprocal interaction between B and T lymphocytes is emerging, with B lymphocytes influencing the differentiation and effector function of T lymphocytes. For example, B lymphocytes have been shown to induce direct tolerance of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and induce T lymphocytes anergy via transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) production. The present study showed that LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes inhibited the differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) from dendritic cells. An interaction between the B lymphocytes and dendritic cells was not needed for this inhibition, and the B lymphocytes did not alter dendritic cell maturation. B lymphocyte-derived soluble factor (BDSF) suppressed the LPS-induced IL-12p35 transcription in the dendritic cells. Overall, these results point to a novel B lymphocyte- mediated immune suppressive mechanism. The findings cast doubt on the traditional paradigm of immunological interactions involving B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte interactions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 1987

Reactions of $Ir(ClO)_4(CO)(PPh_3)_2$ with dicyano olefins, cis-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (cDC1B), trans-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (tDC1B), trans-NC$CH_2$CH = CH$CH_2$CN (tDC2B), and NC$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (DCB) produce binuclear dicationic iridium (I) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (1a), tDC1B (1b), tDC2B (1c), DCB (1d)). Complexes 1a-1d react with hydrogen to give binuclear dicationic tetrahydrido iridium (Ⅲ ) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2(H)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(H)_2(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (2a), tDC1B (2b), tDC2B (2c), DCB (2d)). Complexes 2a and 2b catalyze the hydrogenation of cDC1B and tDC1B, respectively to give DCB, while the complex 2c is catalytically active for the isomerization of tDC2B to give cDC1B and tDC1B and the hydrogenation of tDC2B to give DCB at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 2000

The kinetic structure of the content of instructions at the unit of 'heart and circulation' in "the common science", which was respectively given by two teachers majored in biology and two teachers majored in earth science was investigated. Concerning of the mean of the fundamental coefficient (B1), the mean of weighted coefficients (B2) and the progression of instruction (P), T4 (B1, 0.14; B2, 0.82; P; 0.86) teacher showed relatively lower kinetic structure and faster progression than those of the others. The other teachers showed a different level of the kinetic structure and progression: T1(B1, 0.21; B2, 0.86; P; 0.79), T2 (B1, 0.02; B2, 0.85; P; 0.80), and T3 (B1, 0.22; B2, 0.83; P; 0.78). T1 teacher who showed the largest total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span, had a higher level of the kinetic structure, but T4 teacher showed the lowest level of total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span. The main reason why T4 teacher's instruction achieved a lower level of kinetic structure was estimated that he neglected to reorganize teaching materials and he showed a small number of discourse units. In addition, the unit of 'heart and circulation' was less related to T4 teacher's major and T4 teacher had a shorter teaching experience than those of the others. T4 teacher also took charge of only one class, and this did not allow to instruct repeatedly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the multidimensional factors that affect the satisfaction of life by type of baby boomer generation. The subjects of this study were 1,895 households who were born from 1955 to 1963 among the respondents in the Korea welfare panel (the 10th year). The baby boomer generation was classified into four types such as gender, income status, male and female as socioeconomic status. The male type IV (B=.074, t=1.992, p<.05), health status (B=.233, t=7.268, p<.001), household income (B=.174, t=4.476, p<.001), depression (B=-.182, t=-5.242, p<.001), self-esteem (B=.255, t=7.027, p<.001), trust (B=.064, t=2.036, p<.05), etc. were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of the male baby boomer generation. The female type IV (B=.100, t=2.598, p<.05), health status (B=.239, t=6.790, p<.001) (P<.001), depression (B=-.181, t=-5.142, p<.001), and self-esteem (B=.320, t=8.600, p<.001), etc. were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of the female baby boomer generation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.6
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• pp.1312-1326
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• 2022

Purpose To investigate the added value of right down decubitus (RDD) CT when determining adjacent organ invasion in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Materials and Methods A total of 728 patients with pathologically confirmed T4a (pT4a), surgically confirmed T4b (sT4b), or pathologically confirmed T4b (pT4b) AGCs who underwent dedicated stomach-protocol CT, including imaging of the left posterior oblique (LPO) and RDD positions, were included in this study. Two radiologists scored the T stage of AGCs using a 5-point scale on LPO CT with and without RDD CT at 2-week intervals and recorded the presence of "sliding sign" in the tumors and adjacent organs and compared its incidence of appearance. Results A total of 564 patients (77.4%) were diagnosed with pT4a, whereas 65 (8.9%) and 99 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with pT4b and sT4b, respectively. When RDD CT was performed additionally, both reviewers deemed that the area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating T4b from T4a increased (p < 0.001). According to both reviewers, the AUC for differentiating T4b with pancreatic invasion from T4a increased in the subgroup analysis (p < 0.050). Interobserver agreement improved from fair to moderate (weighted kappa value, 0.296-0.444). Conclusion RDD CT provides additional value compared to LPO CT images alone for determining adjacent organ invasion in patients with AGC due to their increased AUC values and improved interobserver agreement.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.232
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• pp.50-70
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• 2009

T.A.B란 공기조화설비에 대한 종합시험조정으로 시험, 조정 및 균형(Testing, Adjusting & Balancing)이라는 뜻이다. 이는 설계 목적에 부합되도록 모든 빌딩의 환경시스템을 검토하고, 조정하는 과정이다. 따라서 T.A.B기술은 공기 및 물이라는 유체의 흐름과 온 습도에 관련된 분야이기 때문에 시각적으로 그 성과를 알아보기 힘들고, T.A.B를 적용한 후 결과치를 정밀 분석해 판단할 수 있으며 T.A.B기술을 적용하지 않은 건물과 간접비교하는 방법으로 그 효과를 쉽게 알 수 있다. T.A.B기술을 적용할 경우 시공 중인 건물에 설계도서가 완료되기 전, 또는 장비의 구매발주 전에 T.A.B측면에서 모든 기술 도서를 면밀히 검토하게 된다. 그 중 일부에서 발견되는 문제점들 즉, 적정치 못한 용량 선정, 시스템 구성상 미비점, 불필요한 장비 선정, 누락 사항을 발견할 수 있다. 따라서 T.A.B 기술을 적용할 경우 향상된 품질의 시공이 가능해 준공 후 빈번히 대두되는 하자 문제가 현격히 줄게 되며 또한 운전경비 절감, 쾌적한 실내환경 조성, 장비수명 연장 등 효율적인 운전관리 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 우리나라 공기조화설비기술은 꾸준한 발전을 이루었고, 최근에는 도입 초기단계시 전혀 고려되지 않던 공조공간의 쾌적성 및 소음 방지 대책 등의 문제가 주요사항으로 부각되고 있다. 이에 따라 공조설비에 T.A.B실행의 표준화 정착과정에 있으며, 국내 학계 및 연구기관에서 공조설비에 대한 연구 및 T.A.B용역업체의 기술축적 등 T.A.B분야 발전을 위해 노력하고 있다. 본지는 T.A.B의 수행절차 및 수행계획, TAB 수행업체 등에 대해 알아본다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Semiempirical MNDO calculations are employed to study ionicity of OH groups and stability in $T_1-OH-T_2bridges(T_1$ = Al, B and $T_2$ = P, Si) such as found in aluminophosphate family($AlPO_4-5$, BAPO-5, and SAPO-5) molecular sieves. Dimeric model clusters of Al-OH-P, B-OH-P and Al-OH-Si bridges were considered. It is shown that the elongation of the T-O bond, upon replacement of Al by B, occurs preferentially by a local deformation of the Al-O-P bridge. But the elongation of the T-O bond occurs preferentially by a rotation of Al-O-Si bridge upon substitution P for Si. Also, the ionicity of OH groups and stability increase in order to B-OH-P < Al-OH-P < Al-OH-Si bridge.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.20
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• pp.351-381
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the various processes and patterns to build or synthesize class numbers in the 800 class of the Dewey Decimal Classification, Edition 20(1989). The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. The 800(Literature and rhetoric) class in the DDC system is the main class added analytico-synthetic principle positively to an enumerative scheme. 2. The facets to be a n.0, pplied in literature are language literary form literary period ; kind, scope, or medium ; notation 08(collection) or 09(criticism) literary feature, subject, author, etc. 3. In the 800 class, there are the five tables of precedence for literary forms aspects ; specific kinds of persons ; literary, period in relation to the aspects for works treating more than one literary form subforms, aspects and literary periods in the works treating a specific literary form. 4. The basic number synthesis of literary works proceeds through the various facets in the following sequence, as far as necessary for the item : base no. + literary form + literary time or period + kind, scope, or medium + notation 08 or 09 + subform + additional notation from T3C and other tables. 5. In view of the multiplicity of facets, their synthesis formulas take the following order : (1) Works about the literature : base no.(schedule) + language(T6) or form(T3B) (2) Works by or about individual author : base no.(schedule) + form (T3A) + period(schedule) + subform(T3A) (3) Works by or about more than one author, not restricted by language facet : base no.(schedule) + period(T1) ; base no.(schedule) + kind, scope, medium(T3B), or feature(T3C), or person(T5). (4) Works by or about more than one author, restricted by language facet : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + period(schedule) + subform(T3B) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) ; base no.(schedule) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) + 9(T3C) + area notation(T2) : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + notation 008 or 009(T3B) : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + kind, scope, medium(T3B) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) + period(schedule). (5) Affiliated literatures for which period numbers are not us base no.(schedule) + form (T3A or T3B), or notation 08 or 09(T3B) : base no.(schedule) + kind, scope, medium(T3B), feature(T3C), or person(T5) 6. The problems in the number building of the 800 class are the complexity and difficulty of number synthesis, the intrinsic weakness of from distinction and the inconvenience of retrieval inherent in the form class. In order to solve these problems, therefore, the citation orders and methods of DDC should be improved and synthesis patterns simplified from the point of view of its applicability and its usefulness in the "literature class".

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-344
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• 2009

In this paper, we deal with the following system of nonlinear singular boundary value problems(BVPs) on time scale $\mathbb{T}$ $$\{{{{{{x^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangleup}(t)+f(t,\;y(t))=0,\;t{\in}(a,\;b)_{\mathbb{T}},}\atop{y^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangleup}(t)+g(t,\;x(t))=0,\;t{\in}(a,\;b)_{\mathbb{T}},}}\atop{\alpha_1x(a)-\beta_1x^{\bigtriangleup}(a)=\gamma_1x(\sigma(b))+\delta_1x^{\bigtriangleup}(\sigma(b))=0,}}\atop{\alpha_2y(a)-\beta_2y^{\bigtriangleup}(a)=\gamma_2y(\sigma(b))+\delta_2y^{\bigtriangleup}(\sigma(b))=0,}}$$ where $\alpha_i$, $\beta_i$, $\gamma_i\;{\geq}\;0$ and $\rho_i=\alpha_i\gamma_i(\sigma(b)-a)+\alpha_i\delta_i+\gamma_i\beta_i$ > 0(i = 1, 2), f(t, y) may be singular at t = a, y = 0, and g(t, x) may be singular at t = a. The arguments are based upon a fixed-point theorem for mappings that are decreasing with respect to a cone. We also obtain the analogous existence results for the related nonlinear systems $x^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0, $x^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0, and $x^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangleup}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangleup}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0 satisfying similar boundary conditions.