• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 1996

A herbivorous copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, was tested to study its acute and chronic responses to Cd tonicity. Under $20^{\circ}C,\;96hr-LC_{50}$ of T. japonicus in medium with $32\%_{\circ},\;26\%_{\circ},\;and\;18\%_{\circ}$ salinity were 11.1 ppm, 13.7 ppm, and 9.7 ppm, respectively. The $96hr-LC_{50}$ in medium with $32\%_{\circ},\;26\%_{\circ},\;and\;18\%_{\circ}$ salinity increased to 21.6 ppm, 15.0 ppm, and 11,0 ppm, respectively under $10^{\circ}C$ condition. Oxygen consumption rates during 96hrs exposure to Cd toxicity decreased more sharply at $20^{\circ}C$ than those at $10^{\circ}C$. Survival rate and $250dys-LC_{50}$ of T. japonicus in medium with $32\%_{\circ}$ salinity, in concentration of Cd 4 ppm were $5\%$ and 0.05 ppm, respectively under $10^{\circ}C$, and $0\%$ and 0.20 ppm under $20^{\circ}C$. It was that the copepod selectively feed on Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia pungens, N. seriata, and Rhizosolenia hebetata f. semispina.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

In response of fungicides for control of gray snow mold, isolates of Typhula incarnata were collected from three golf courses in 2012 Yongpyeong, Korea and tested for sensitivity to propiconazole, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin fungicides. Four discriminatory concentrations were used to detect in vitro sensitivity of 50 isolates. Mean 50% effective concentration inhibiting mycelial growth ($EC_{50}$) values for tebuconazole was the lowest among the three fungicides. The $EC_{50}$ value of tebuconazole ranged from 0.0005 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ to 0.014 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ with a mean of 0.0048 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. The mean $EC_{50}$ values of propiconazole in triazole family was 0.5825 (0.78-1.651) ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. $EC_{50}$ value of azoxystrobin ranged from 0.0017 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ to 0.131 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ with a mean of 0.0278 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. There was no correlation among $EC_{50}$ values for propiconazole, azoxystrobin and tebuconazole indicating no cross-resistance relationships with each other. Results of this study were confirmed no resistance isolates in vitro sensitivity of T. incarnata of three fungicides in Yongpyeong.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1614-1619
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of increased osmolality of basic tris extender supplemented with trehalose and sucrose on post-thawing quality (motility, progressive motility, viability, the rate of acrosome abnormality, total abnormality and membrane integrity) of Markhoz goat spermatozoa. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for motility and sperm concentration. Only semen samples with motility more than 70% and sperm concentration higher than $3{\times}10^{9}$ sperm/ml were used for cryopreservation. In Exp. 1, trehalose (50, 75 or 100 mM) and sucrose (40, 60 or 80 mM) were added to a basic tris diluent. Based on the results of experiment 1, the goal of Exp. 2 was to investigate the combinational effects of the highest and lowest concentrations ($T_{100}+S_{80}$ or $T_{50}+S_{40}$) of trehalose and sucrose. As the control, semen was diluted and frozen in the tris diluent without trehalose or sucrose. The results in Exp. 1 showed that all evaluated spermatozoa characteristics improved significantly after freezing and thawing (p<0.05) and at the same time the increase of trehalose and sucrose concentrations in basic extenders was seen, with the best results obtained for extenders containing 70 and 100 mM trehalose and 80 mM sucrose. Comparing these results with those of control diluents, the effects of supplementation were significantly (p<0.05) better. In Exp. 2, the results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between $T_{100}+S_{80}$ and $T_{50}+S_{40}$ extenders, but the results of $T_{50}+S_{40}$were slightly better than obtained with $T_{100}+S_{80}$ diluents. Furthermore, the results of this experiment indicated that the sperm characteristics in the isotonic control extender were significantly (p<0.05) lower than examined extenders. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that goat sperm can tolerate hypertonic trehalose and sucrose solutions better than isotonic control diluents in the freezing period. In particular, these positive effects have been shown for acrosome integrity, which is very important for the fertilization capacity of sperm. The data indicated that addition of trehalose plus sucrose to the freezing extender can be recommended for cryopreservation of goat spermatozoa, but more data is needed on pregnancy rate, acrosome reaction and IVF to ascertain the real effect.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we tried to know that how the occupational therapists applied the core principles of Ayres's sensory integration(ASI) intervention for clients by using the method of self-assessment. Methods : The study period was from May 2010 to June 2010. The subjects were therapists who use a sensory integration intervention. We letted them to do self-assessment about degree of performing the treatment according to the core principles of ASI by using a questionnaire. Total 66 questionnaires were collected. SPSS for Windows version 15.0 was statistically analyzed. Results : There wasn't anybody without considering the 10 core principles of ASI interventions for children. Therapist's answer(more than 90%) was sometimes, often, always except for the guide self-organization in the 10 core principles of ASI intervention. On the basis of total average score of raw score of 10 core principles of ASI intervention, provide sensory opportunities, provide just-right challenges, collaborate on activity choice, maximize child's success, ensure physical safety, and foster therapeutic alliance showed more than 50 points(T value). The guide self-organization, support optimal arousal, create play context, and arrange room to engage child showed less than 50 points T value. Conclusion : The most effective interventions for sensory integration is the treatment based on the core principles of ASI intervention. According to core principle of ASI intervention, checking the quality of care and increasing the quality of care is needed through performing self-assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.507-520
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• 2016

This research was performed to evaluate incineration facilities with different scale and type using performance index. Incineration facilities of 28 units, which occupying about 15% of 184 units in nationwide, were selected for questionnaire survey. The facilities were classified in scale with large(${\geq}100t/d$), middle(50~<100 t/d), small(<50 t/d) ones, and in type with stoker, pyrolysis, fluidized bed. Performance index was composed of technological, economical, and environmental items, which have 6, 10, and 30 kinds of questions, respectively. As a result of scale evaluation, large scale facility has higher score than small one in all technological, economical, and environmental items. In overall evaluation of the facilities with different type, stoker incinerator has higher score of 65.3 than 59.0 of fludized bed and 58.3 of pyrolysis. It was shown that there was significant difference in economical evaluation field, in all technological, economical, and environmental items.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2002

In the entrained flow gasifiers, the slag viscosity is an important parameter determining the operation conditions. The slag viscosities of 9 coals, which were selected and tested as possible gasification feedstock in Korea, were measured in a high temperature slag viscometer under gasification conditions. The type and size of crystalline phases that were known to affect the slag viscosity behavior were also determined. The slag samples were obtained from the IEA dry-feed gasifier. The slags of Alaska Usibelli, Curragh, Kideco, Adaro, Denisovsky, Baiduri and Drayton coals showed the behavior of crystalline slags, while those of Datong and Cypurus glassy slags. When a recommended minimum operating temperature was arbitrarily defined as $T_{1000}$poise/+$50^{\circ}C$ for glassy slags and $T_{cv}$ +$50^{\circ}C$ for crystalline slags, the Drayton slag required the lowest temperature, while Denisovsky slag required the highest. All the slags contained C $r_2$ $O_3$ from the refractory. The crystalline slags with $T_{cv}$ at around 132$0^{\circ}C$ contained large anorthites as the major crystalline phase that would have caused the rapid inrease in viscosity. Denisovsky slag contained many pores which were formed by $O_2$ from F $e_{x}$O reduction..

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1991

This study was carried out to clarify the effects of grassland afforestation on some chemical properties of the Japanese ceder(Cryptomeria japonica) forest soil in Cheju Island. The following results were obtained in this study ; 1. T-C, T-N, exch. cations and base saturation in the surface soil(0~10cm) decreased sharply from planting to crown closure. However, after crown closure, exch. Ca and Mg increased considerably. On the other hand, there were no definit changes below surface soil. 2. In vertical distribution of chemical properties, T-C, T-N, exchangeable acidity and exch. cations decreased with soil depth. Especially, exch. Ca and Mg of surface soil in closed stand show a higher value than that in open stand, but there were no variation below surface soil. 3. In closed stand, the amounts of exch. Ca, Mg and K were 1.8 times, 1.6 times and 1.5 times greater than those in open stand. There was no significant difference between open and closed stand in T-C and T-N. 4. The ratios of the amounts of nutrients in surface soil to those in mineral horizons(ha, 50cm) between the open and closed stand showed 30% and 50% for exch. Ca, 30% and 40% for exch. Mg, 38% and 38% for exch. K, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

The movement of drifting ships on the sea is closely related to marine environmental forces such as waves, currents, winds, etc. To develop a prediction model for trajectories oi drifting ships, an experiment on the movement of drifting ships was carried out in the Southeastern Sea of Korea. Five types of ships including a lire raft and tour ships with G/T 10tons, G/T 2o tons, G/T 50 tons, and G/T 80 tons, were considered in the experiment. The G/T 50 ton class ship was used as a base ship for obtaining the currents, winds and heading angles of ship following the trajectory. The trajectory of each ship was measured by DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System) and collected using APRS(Automatic Position Reporting System) installed on the base ship. The error range in position fix of DGPS are approximately ±1 m. The drift speed of ship in the experiment was between 3％ to 5％ of wind speed and drift direction of ship was deflected by ±90° from wind direction. Also, the heading of drifting ship was normal to wind direction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2012

In this study, the cellular protective effect of isoquercitrin against $H_2O_2$ and rose bengal-indued HaCaT cell damage was investigated. The ethosome and elastic liposome for enhanced transdermal delivery were prepared. Particle size, loading efficiency and cumulative permeated amounts of them were evaluated. Isoquercitrin didn't show any characteristic cytotoxicity at 50 ${\mu}M$. When HaCaT cells were treated with 5 mM $H_2O_2$ and 25 ${\mu}M$ rose bengal, isoquercitrin protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner (6.25 ~ 50 ${\mu}M$). The size of 0.03 % isoquercitrin loaded ethosome was 222.85 nm and the loading efficiency was 82.26 %. The ethosome loaded with 0.03 % isoquercitrin was stable and maintained the constant particle size for 2 weeks after being prepared. The ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeability than general liposome and ethanol solution. The optimal ratio of lipid to surfactant of 0.1 % isoquercitrin loaded elastic liposomes was observed to be 89 : 5 through evaluating particle size (341.2 nm), deformability index (59.89), loading efficiency (54.3 %), and skin permeability (54.4 %).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

The seeds of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were soaked with GA3 50 ppm and primed with CaCl2 at -1.0 MPa for 4days at 23$^{\circ}C$ to identify presoaking and priming regimes that may improve germination in saline condition and with PEG 8000 at high temperature. Presoaked, primed, and untreated seeds were then germinated at 30 and $35^{\circ}C$. NaCl salinity stress consistently decreased the rate of germination of zoysiagrass seed. GA3 or CaCl2 alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on germination. However, total percent germination (G) and T50 of untreated control seeds significantly decreased and prolonged at $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ as NaCl salinity stress increased. Presoaked seeds with GA3 50 ppm for 4 days at $23^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher germination and lower T50 than untreated or primed with CaCl2 at -1.0 MPa for 4days at $23^{\circ}C$m and overcame the inhibitory effect of germination derived from PEG 8000. In addition, presoaked seed had higher, faster, and more uniform germination than untreated seeds after sowing in growing media in greenhouse.