• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.517-524
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• 1992

In this study, 0.10Pb(SbS11/2TSnS11/2T)OS13T-(0.90-x)PbZrOS13T (0.25 x 0.40) ceramics were fabricated by the atmospheric method. The sintering temperature and time were 1250[$^{\circ}C$] and 2[2hr], respectively. The structureal, dielectric and piezoelectric properties with composition of PbTiOS13T were studied. As the results of XRD ans SEM, the crystal structure of a specimen was rhombohedral, lattice constant and average grain size were decreased with increasing the contents of PbTiOS13T. Relative dielectric constant and Curie temperature were increased with increasing the contents of PbTiOS13T, 0.10PSS-0.40PT-0.50PZ specimen had the highest values of 904 and 265[$^{\circ}C$], respectively. In increasing of PbTiOS13T contents form 25[mol%] to 40[mol%], piezoelectric charge constant and electromechanical coupling factors were increased form 114[pC/N] to 142[pC/N], 17[%] to 24[%] and mechanical quality factor were decreased with increasing the contents of PbTiOS13T. In the 0.10PSS-0.40PT-0.50PZ specimens, those values were 14.2[kV/cm] and 9.43[x10S0-6TC/cmS02T], resectively.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability on silk 100% and nylon 100% fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. This study was investigated K/S values, surface color, washing fastness, dry cleaning fastness and ultraviolet-cut ability of the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts under the various dyeing conditions. As mordanting were used Tin(II) Chloride dihydrate $(SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O)$, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate$(CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O)$, Iron(II)Chloride$(FeC_2{\cdot}4H_2O)$. pH was adjusted by sodium carbonate$(Na_2CO_3)$ and formic acid(HCOOH). The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts were $90^{\circ}C$, 100min, and in the nylon fabrics were $90^{\circ}C$, 45min. It were colored(munsell value) 6.4Y 7.5/4.1 in the silk fabrics and colored 4.3Y 6.6/5.9 in the nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. Washing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness in the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with mordanting agent improved in $4{\sim}5$ grade. UV-A test showed that nylon fabrics a high rate of 92% with Rhus verniciflua extracts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.5 s.90
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeability and antibacterial activity on wool fabric dyed with cochineal at variable dyeing conditions. Al, Cr, Fe, Cu and Sn were used as mordants and adsorption was compared with different mordanting methods. The optimum dyeing conditions of wool fabrics were dyeing concentration 2.0%(o.w.s), dyeing temperature $60^{\circ}C$, pH 3 and dyeing time 30 minutes. The pre-mordanting method was preferred for Al and Cr, and the post-mordanting one was preferred for Cu, Sn and Fe to achieve better dyeing. The optimum mordanting conditions of wool fabrics dyed with cochineal were mordanting concentration of 1%(o.w.s), mordanting temperature $60^{\circ}C$, and dyeing time 30 minutes. Wool fabrics dyed with cochineal showed a little antibacterial activity, but it was increased by Cu and Sn mordanting. The light fastness and perspiration fastness of wool fabric treated with cochineal were improved by mordanting.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1999

EH-1 was highest at 9 days of incubation. This regrowth and enzymatic activity of Haloarcular sp. EH-1 was highest at 9 days of incubation. This amylase was purified by acetone fractionation, DEAG-Cellulose column chromatography, 1st Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, CM-Cellulose column chromatography and 2nd Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The amylase was purified about 98.64 fold with a yield of 11.75%. The molecular weight of amylase was estimated to be about 43,000and 40,000 by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme was a monomer. Amylase had an optimal temperature of 4$0^{\circ}C$, and an optimum pH of 7.0, and the thermal stability was observed the above 50% at 10$0^{\circ}C$ after 1 hour, and the stable range of pH was 6.0 to 8.0. The enzymatic activity was increased in the presence of 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, slightly by 10 mM SnCl2.2H2O.FeCl2.4H2O.CuCl2.2H2O.HgCl2.6H2O and SDS. End products from soluble starch were glucose, maltose and maltotriose, and Km value for soluble starch was 2.5mg/ml.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2003

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 Ar과 $O_2$의 유량을 25sccm씩 흘리면서 $SiO_2$/Si기판 위에 Sn $O_2$ 박막을 증착하였다. 증착된 박막은 columnar 구조로 성장하였으며 많은 입자들이 뭉쳐서 형성된 양배추꽃(cauliflower) 형태의 뭉친 입자(agglomerates)를 가지는 표면형상이 관찰되었다. 분위기에 따른 어닐링 효과를 확인하기 위하여 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 공기와 질소 분위기하에서 열처리하였다. 열처리한 후 표면거칠기가 개선되었으며, 표면형상의 변화가 발생하였다. 특히 50$0^{\circ}C$, 질소분위기에서 어닐링한 경우는 양배추꽃 형태의 표면형상이 소수의 작은 입자가 뭉친 형태로 분리되면서 입도분포가 개선되었다. 이러한 결과는 어닐링 과정에서 발생되는 응력을 완화시키기 위하여 표면형상의 변화가 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. XPS 측정 결과, 질소 분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 OIs와 Sn5/3d 피크가 낮은 결합에너지에 위치하고 있어 산소공공의 농도가 어닐링 전에 비하여 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있다. 어닐링 전후에 Sn $O_2$ 박막의 면저항 측정 값은 XPS 결과와는 달리 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후에 오히려 면저항값이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후 표면형상의 변화에 기인하여 입자간의 연결성이 저하되어 면저항값이 증가한 것으로 추정된다. 산소분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 전체적으로 전기적 특성의 재현성이 개선되었으며 Sensitivity( $R_{air}$/ $R_{gas}$)가 향상되었음을 확인하였다.하였다.석을 통하여 La의 분포를 확인하였으며, HRTEM 분석을 통하여 미세구조분석을 실시하였다.2463eV였다. 10K에서 광발광 봉우리의 919.8nm (1.3479eV)는 free exciton(Ex), 954.5nm (1.2989eV)는 donor-bound exciton 인 I2(DO,X)와 959.5nm (1.2921eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 I1(AO,X) 이고, 964.6nm(1.2853eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광, 1341.9nm (0.9239eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고,

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.676-680
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• 2010

Most TCOs such as ITO, AZO(Al-doped ZnO), FTO(F-doped $SnO_2$) etc., which have been widely used in LCD, touch panel, solar cell, and organic LEDs etc. as transparent electrode material reveal n-type conductivity. But in order to realize transparent circuit, transparent p-n junction, and introduction of transparent p-type materials are prerequisite. Additional prerequisite condition is optical transparency in visible spectral region. Oxide based materials usually have a wide optical bandgap more than ~3.0 eV. In this study, single-phase transparent semiconductor of $SrCu_2O_2$, which shows p-type conductivity, have been synthesized by 2-step solid state reaction at $950^{\circ}C$ under $N_2$ atmosphere, and single-phase $SrCu_2O_2$ thin films of p-type TCOs have been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on alkali-free glass substrate from single-phase target at $500^{\circ}C$, 1% $H_2$/(Ar + $H_2$) atmosphere. 3% $H_2$/(Ar + $H_2$) resulted in formation of second phases. Hall measurements confirmed the p-type nature of the fabricated $SrCu_2O_2$ thin films. The electrical conductivity, mobility of carrier and carrier density $5.27{\times}10^{-2}S/cm$, $2.2cm^2$/Vs, $1.53{\times}10^{17}/cm^3$ a room temperature, respectively. Transmittance and optical band-gap of the $SrCu_2O_2$ thin films revealed 62% at 550 nm and 3.28 eV. The electrical and optical properties of the obtained $SrCu_2O_2$ thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering were compared with those deposited by PLD and e-beam.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.721-728
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• 2011

1(3)-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3(1)-stearoyl-(POS)-glycerol-enriched reaction products were synthesized from camellia oil, palmitic ethyl ester, and stearic ethyl ester via lipase-catalyzed interesterification. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the production of the POS-enriched reaction product (Y1, %) and the stearicand palmitic-acid contents at the sn-2 position due to acyl migration (Y2, %). The reaction factors were the enzyme amount (X1, 2-6%), reaction time (X2, 60-360 min), and substrate molar ratio of camellia oil to palmitic ethyl ester and stearic ethyl ester (X3, 1-3 mol). The predictive models for Y1 and Y2 were adequate and reproducible as no lack of fit was signified (0.128 and 0.237) and as there were satisfactory levels of R2 (0.968 and 0.990, respectively). The optimal conditions for the reaction product for maximizing Y1 while minimizing Y2 were predicted at the reaction combination of 5.86% enzyme amount, 60 min reaction time, and 1:3 substrate molar ratio (3 moles of palmitic ethyl ester and 3 moles of stearic ethyl ester). Actual reaction was performed under the same conditions as above, and the resulting product contained 20.19% TAG-P/O/S and 12.71% saturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1994

ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) film with thickness of 1500.angs. was prepared by an e-beam evaporator onto a glass and a p-type InP wafer (100) LEC grown Zn-doped p=2.3*10$\^$16/cm$\^$-3/), in which the components of ITO used for evaporation source were hot pressed pellets 1 mole% ln$\_$2/O$\_$3/+9 mole% SnO$\_$2/, and evaporated in O$\_$2/ ambient. The optimum conditions to preparation of ITO thin film were the substrate temperature of 350.deg. C, the injected oxygen pressure of 2*10$\^$-4/ torr, and the evaporation speed of 0.2-0.3.angs./sec, respectively. In these optimum conditions, the resistivity and the carrier concentration were 5.3*10$\^$-3/ .ohm.-cm, 6.5*10$\^$20/cm$\^$-3/, and the transmittance was over 80%. From the results of J-V measurements in ITO/p-InP structure solar cells, the higher pressure of injected oxygen, the more open circuit voltage. The efficiency of ITO/p-InP solar cell without the grid line contact, prepared by the optimum evaporation conditions, was 7.19%. By using the grid line contact, the efficiency, the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current density, the fill factor, the series resistance, and the shunt resistance were 8.5%, 0.47V, 29.48 mAcm$\^$-2/ , 61.35%, 3.ohm., and 26.6k.ohm., respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2002

A new polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin containing 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-5-dimethylamino-phenol (TAM) functional groups has been synthesized and its sorption behavior for nineteen metal ions, including Zr(Ⅳ),Hf(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅵ) has been investigated by batch and column methods. The chelating resin showed high sorption affinity for Zr(Ⅳ) at pH 1-5 and U(Ⅵ) at pH 4. Some parameters affecting the sorption of the metal ions have been detailed. The breakthrough and overall capacities were measured under optimized conditions. The overall capacities of Zr(Ⅳ), Th(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅵ), which showed higher than the other metal ions, were 0.90,0.84 and 0.80 mmol/g, respectively. The elution order of metal ions at pH 4 was evaluated as Zr(Ⅳ) > Th(Ⅳ) > U(Ⅵ) > Cu(Ⅱ) > Hf(Ⅳ) > W(Ⅵ) > Mo(Ⅵ) > In(Ⅲ) > Sn(Ⅳ) > Cr(Ⅲ) > V(Ⅴ) > Fe(Ⅲ). Quantitative recovery of most metal ions except Zr(Ⅳ) was achieved using 2M HNO3. Desorption and recovery of Zr(Ⅳ) was successfully performed with 2 M HClO4 and 2 M HCl.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 1998

The color difference value of fabrics dyed with browning extracts from mushroom were as follows. 1. Two hours of dyeing depending on pH at 95℃ exhibited colors of YR and Y. The color of wool and nylon was darkest brown at pH 4, but light brown or yellow as pH increased. The color of silk was darkest brown at pH 5 and pH changes resulted in the same tendency as in wool. 2. In wool the color was changed to darker brown as time prolonged, however, there was no further color change after 9hr and value and chroma of wool declined. 3. At pH 4, the increase in temperature turned colors of sil, wool and nylon into dark brown from light yellow. 4. As the result of repetitive dyeing, colors of silk, wool and nylon gradually turned into darker brown. The repetitive dyeing was more effective in dark color and high colorfastness compared to a prolonged dyeing. 5. The amount of mordant resulted in color changes between light yellow and dark brown without various color changed. 6. In color change according to methods of mordant, post-mordant with CuSO₄·5H₂O and with SnCl·2H₂O showed colors of green and light yellow, respectively.