• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.212-215
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• 1997

Parent isolates and $first-generation(F_1)$ progenies from single-sporangium of Phytophthora infestans were investigated for the acqusition of metalaxyl and streptomycin sulfate(SM) resistance. The parent isolates, KM10, U6, CDB6 showed resistance to metalaxyl, and F817, DNC303, DN107 to SM. Especially, the average mycelial growth of $F_1$ progenies of F817, CDB6, JD1 was more than 51% than parent isolates on 25ppm metalaxyl added V-8 juice agar, whereas those of KM10, U6, JD1 were extended more than 51% similar on 200ppm SM treatment. They acquired resistance on the basis of the standard in this experiment. There were positive correlations between parent isolates and $F_1$colonies in resistance. The $F_1$ colonies obtained from parent isolates showing above interinediate resistance on metalaxyl amended agar acquired much resistance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development of F1 fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. In dams, two deaths occurred at 375 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. The decrease in the weight of adrenal glands of the 1500 mg/kg group was observed. The prolongation of pregnancy period was found at 1500 mg/kg. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SM-101. In F1 offspring, the increase in spleen weight was seen at all doses treated. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of development, behaviour and reproductive performance. In F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses. The results show that the no-effect dose levels (NOELS) for dams and Fl offspring are under 375 mg/kg/day and NOELs for F1/F2 fetuses are over 1500 mg/kg/day.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of Chinese cabbage waste juice (CCWJ) and swine manure(SM). Methods: The anaerobic digestion test was conducted under batch and continuous conditions at mesophilic temperature ($36-38^{\circ}C$). The batch test was divided into Experiment I and II. In the Experiment I, biogas potential and production rate of CCWJ was evaluated. In Experiment II the effect of F/M ratio (2.0, 3.2, 4.9) at mixture ratio of 25:75(CCWJ: SM, % vol. basis) on biogas yield was studied. Results: CCWJ produced biogas and methane yield of 929 and 700 mL/g VS added respectively. The biogas yield from the mixture of CCWJ and SM was almost same at F/M ratio of 2.0 and 3.2 but dropped by 14% when F/M ratio increased from 3.2 to 4.9. In continuous test the mixture of CCWJ and SM (25:75, % vol. basis) produced biogas yield of 352 mL/g VS added which is around 11% higher compared to biogas yield from SM alone. Addition to biogas yield digester performance was also improved with co-digestion of CCWJ with SM. Conclusions: The results showed that the anaerobic digestion of CCWJ with SM could be promising for improving both the biogas yield and digester performance at mesophilic temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley­soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased $4.8\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were $69.1\~ 88.2\%$ in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were $83.9\~86.7\%$. The yield was 270 kg/10a in BS­F1 plot and 215 kg/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 kg/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 kg/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2008

In order to develop a new depigmenting agent, extracts were obtained from 60 native plants and their antimelanogenic activities were screened by evaluating the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase which is a major enzyme responsibles for the melanin synthesis. The extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii fruits, Phyllostachys bambusoides inner films (BIF), Clerodendrum trichotomum leaves, and Acer okamotoanum leaves showed relatively high inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and their $IC_{50}$ values were $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$. The extract of BIF inhibited melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 52%, which was the highest among those of various extracts. Furthermore, the effect of BIF extract is 10% higher than that of arbutin (42%), a popular depigmenting agent in Korea. Ten compounds having antimelanogenic activity were isolated from the BIF extract by solvent extraction and chromatography. These compounds were identified as phenolic derivatives: SM701, SM702, SM703, and BPR211 were hydroquinone derivatives; SM707 a gallic acid derivative; SM704, SM705, SM706, SM708 and SM709 ferulic acid derivatives. The free radical scavenging activities of these compounds were measured and compared to those of hydroquinone and vitamin C. The $SC_{50}$ values scavenging 50% DPPH of SM702 and SM709 were $60{\sim}70{\mu}M$ similar to that of hydroquinone and those of SM701 and SM708 were $30{\sim}40{\mu}M$ slightly lower than that of vitamin C. These results suggest the presence of components having high antioxidant activity in the BIF extract. The SM709, identified as 1,2-O-diferulylglycerol, inhibited the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase by 18 and 60%, respectively. The SM709 also inhibited the melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 62% and this was the highest antimelanogenic activity among those obtained from the various purified compounds. Therefore, antimelanogenic activity of the BIF extract was concluded to be due to both inhibition of DOPA oxidase and antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 1998

Spectroscopic properties of $Eu^{3+}$, $Sm^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$ ions in silicate glasses have been studied. The absorption and emission properties were investigated with the wavelength and rare-earth element concentration. The results showed that the emission spectrum of $Sm^{3+}$ was a transition from $^{5}D_{o}$ excited level to ^{7}F$ ground state and $Sm^{3+}$ was from $4F_{5/2}$ to $^{6}H$ and $Tb^{3+}$ was from $^{5}D_{4}$ to ^{7}F$ The emission intensity was linearly increased with rare-earth element concentrations up to 10wt%.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

Fluorine-doped $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$ single crystals with the nominal value of x=0.2 were grown at $1350-1450^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of 3.3 GPa by using the self-flux method. Plate-shaped single crystals in the range of a few-150 ${\mu}m$ in their lateral size were obtained. The detailed crystal structure was analyzed by using the x-ray diffractometry. Superconducting transition temperature, determined by the resistive transition, of a single crystal was about 49 K with a narrow resistive transition width of ${\sim}1$ K. A relatively sharp transition, a low residual resistivity, and a large residual resistivity ratio compared with those reported for $REFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$(RE=Sm, Nd) single crystals indicate the high quality of our single crystals.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.935-947
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• 2021

An efficient adaptive scheme based on a triple mixed quadrature rule of precision nine for approximate evaluation of line integral of analytic functions has been constructed. At first, a mixed quadrature rule SM₁(f) has been formed using Gauss-Legendre three point transformed rule and five point Booles transformed rule. A suitable linear combination of the resulting rule and Clenshaw-Curtis seven point rule gives a new mixed quadrature rule SM₁₀(f). This mixed rule is termed as triple mixed quadrature rule. An adaptive quadrature scheme is designed. Some test integrals having analytic function integrands have been evaluated using the triple mixed rule and its constituent rules in non-adaptive mode. The same set of test integrals have been evaluated using those rules as base rules in the adaptive scheme. The triple mixed rule based adaptive scheme is found to be the most effective.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1992

Spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations are performed for the four 1 : 3 Sm(III) : ligand solutions. The ligands included in this study are oxidiacetate, iminodiacetate, methyliminodiacetate and dipicolinate. The oscillator strengths for the $4f{\to}4f$ multiplet-to-multiplet transitions are empirically determined from the absorption spectra. The intensity parameters ${\Omega}_{\lambda}\;({\lambda}=2,\;4,\;6)$ of $Sm^{3+}$(aquo) and ${SmL_3}^{3-}$ complexes are also evaluated by applying the Judd-Ofelt theorem to the observed oscillator strengths. The values of the intensity parameters are compared and discussed in term of structural properties of the complexes. In addition, the fluorescence spectra are reported for the Sm(III) complex systems under mild alkaline condition. The excitation from the $^6H_{5/2}$ ground state to any excited states lying above the emitting energy level $(^4G_{5/2})$ produces four fluorescence bands, following nonradiative transitions from a certain excited state to the $^4G_{5/2}$ state. The ratios of oscillator strengths of ${SmL_3}^{3-}$ complexes to that of $Sm^{3+}$(aquo) are also evaluated from the fluorescence spectra and compared to the results obtained from the absorption bands.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2012

Somatic chromosome numbers for 10 taxa and karyotypes analysis for 6 taxa of Korean Vicia were investigated. Somatic chromosome numbers of treated taxa were 2n = 12, 14 or 24 and therefore they proved to be diploid or tetraploid with basic chromosome numbers of x = 6 or 7. The chromosome number of V. hirticalycina (2n = 2x = 12) was reported for the first time in this study. The chromosome numbers of nine taxa were the same as in previous studies; V. angustifolia (2n = 2x = 12), V. cracca (2n = 4x = 24), V. hirsuta (2n = 2x = 14), V. tetrasperma (2n = 2x = 14 + 2B), V. amurensis (2n = 2x = 12), V. chosenensis (2n = 2x = 12, 12 + 2B), V. unijuga (2n = 4x = 24), V. unijuga f. minor (2n = 4x = 24), V. venosa var. cuspidata (2n = 4x = 24). The karyotypes of V. cracca, V. amurensis, V. hirticalycina, V. unijuga, V. unijuga f. minor, V. venosa var. cuspidata were observed as 2 m + 8 sm + 2 st, 2 m + 2 sm + 2 st, 3 m + 1 sm + 2 st, 4 m + 6 sm + 2 st, 4 m + 6 sm + 2 st, 4 m + 8 sm, respectively.