• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLC: electric double layer capacitors) have drew attention as an energy storage device for the next generation because of their outstanding power capability and durability. But their usage is somewhat limited due to low energy density over secondary batteries. One of methods to improve the energy of EDLC is expanding the voltage window of cell operation by increasing the charge cut-off voltage. In this study, $SBP-BF_4$ (spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate), $TEA-BF_4$ (tetraethylammonium tetraflouroborate) and $EMI-BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) in AN (acetonitrile) were selected to evaluate the possibility of application at high voltage environment. The LSV (linear sweep voltammetry) measurements showed that the 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN electrolyte was stable over a wide potential window and showed the best electrochemical performance compared to other combinations of electrolytes at high voltage environments (over 3.0 V). Furthermore, TMSP (tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite) was applied to 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN in order to maintain stable performance at high voltage for the long period of time. The electrolyte with TMSP additive showed the capacity retention of 93% after 10,000 cycles at 3.3 V.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2003

The current study was performed to observe the effects of Panax ginseng (PG) and P. quinquefolia (PQ) on hemodynamics such as blood flow rate (BF), blood flow velocity (BV), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, and body temperature (BT) in healthy young men. After testing equality of variance, Student's t-test using PROC TTEST was examined to. prove statistical differences between control and ginseng conditions at each time point. It was found that the BF data were fluctuated by personal deviation. In order to minimize the deviation, the results obtained for 6 hrs were reconstituted after dividing them into two periods of the first half from 1 to 3 hrs and of the latter half from 3.5 to 6 hrs. And then the reconstitution data and dose-response curves were obtained. Blood flow such as BF and BV shows significant increases both two periods in the dose of PG 2.25 and PG 9.0, whereas significant decrease in the dose of PG 4.5. However, in the PQ groups, the middle dose PQ 4.5 shows the highest significant increase among the three doses. Except for PG 2.25 in HR, other doses show significant decreases both in the first half and latter half. SBP of PQ 9.0 shows only a significant decrease in the first half; on the other hand, in the latter half, PG 4.5, PG 9.0 and PQ 9.0 significantly increase SBP. In addition, DBP of PG 2.25 and PG 4.5 show significant increase in the both periods. In the BT, PQ groups show gradual decrease from PQ 2.25 to PQ 9.0; however, PG groups show differently. PG 4.5 shows significant decrease, but PG 9.0 shows a increase without statistical meanings. In summary, PG is more effective in respect to keeping homeostasis of hemodynamics.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1996

Alcoholics increased susceptibility to microbial infection that is associated with decreased immunity. but there has been little experimental evidence to support alcoholics-induced increase of microbial infection directly in non-specific immunity. Therefore, we were used the method of phagocytic-plaque including all the stimulating factors for the phagocytosis, subtypes of lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: (1) alcoholics who were hospitalized less than 1 week (newly hospitalized alcoholics), (2) alcoholics who were hospitalized more than 2 weeks (old hospitalized alcoholics), (3) healthy blood donors. We have studied 98 alcoholics and 35 healthy blood donors and control groups. A physician has checked the biological markers and diagnosed the body-condition alcoholics. The immunity and non-specific immunity on the alcoholics were analyzed by using the simultest kit and flow cytometry. Proliferation of the lymphocytes was analyzed by the phytohemmagglutinine mitogen. Phagocytosis and migration properties of leukocytes were identified on the layer formed by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. Biological markers of alcoholics and control groups, by such as blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volumes of red blood cells, were determined by biochemical and hematological methods. Compared with control groups, cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD8+ and CD19+ in alcoholic were more decreased except CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Proliferation of the T-lymphocytes, phagocytosis and migration properties of the leukocytes in alcoholics were decreased compared with those of control groups. According to the results observed in our experiment, they can be summerized as follows: 1, Cellular, humoral and non-specific immunities, are markedly decreased in alcoholics than those in control groups. 2. It is inferred that Phagocytic plaque formation is a very useful method to evaluate phagocytosis and migration properties of the alcoholic leukocytes 3. It is thought that the subtypes of lymphocytes, especially CD4+/CD8+ ratio, are essential methods to analyzed the alcoholic immunity. 4. Specific and non-specific immunity on the old hospitalized alcoholics was slightly increased, which depends upon the alcoholic medication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1996

본 조사는 경기도 용인에 위치한 명지대학교의 남녀 대학생 202명의 대상으로 일반 환경과 혈철지질, 혈압, 체지방량 측정 검사를 중심으로 이루어졌으며, 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 신체발달 상황을 보면 남자의 평균 신장과 체중 및 비체중치는 173.1cm, 65.9kg, 38.03이였고, 여자는 16.7cm, 52.4kg, 32.6로 한국인 성인의 표준치와 매우 유사한 수치였다. 체지방량 비율은 남자 16.4, 여자 24.0으로 나타 설별에 따른 차이가 뚜렸하였다. 2, 조사 대상자들의 수축기와 이완기의 혈압은 평균 $125\pm123mmHg,$ $77.2\pm11.1mmHg이고,$ 남자와 여자의 수축기 혈압은 각각 $132.3\pm1.9mmHg,$ $118.1\pm1.6mmhg로$ 정상 범위였다.확장기 혈압은 남녀 각각 $80.5\pm11.0mmHgm$ $73.9\pm102.m,Hg였으며$ 역시 정상범위에 포함되었다. 3. 혈청 지질의 검사 결과는 Tc는 남자 175.2mg/dl, 여자 183.6mg/dl로 나타났고 TG는 남자 108.4mg/dl, 여자 72.0mg/dl로 나타나 통RP적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05). 또한 HDL-C는 남자 59.6mg/dl , 여자 64.3mg/dl 로 성별에 다른 유의적인 차이를 보였고 (p<0.05), LDL-C도 역시 남자 93.9mg/dl, 여자 104.8mg/dl로 나타나 통계적으로 성별에 다른 차이가 뚜렷하였다. (p<0.01). 조사결과 다른 연령층의 성인과는 달리 TG를 제외한 TC, H이-C, L이-C에 있어서 남자가 여자 보다 더 낮은 수치를 보였다. 4. 혈압에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류한 후 혈청 지질과의 관계를 보면, 수축기 혈아이 증가함에 따라 TC, TG, LDL-C은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, HDL-C은 감소되었으나 통계적으인 유의성은 없었다. 이완기혈압의 겨우 89mmHg 이하 보다 90~94mmHg의 경우에 유의적으로 증가되었으며 (p<0.05) HDL-C은 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 5. 혈정 지질과 비만도의 관계는 남녀 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 여자보다 남자에서 뚜fut이 나타났다. 남자의 겨우 TC의 수치가 KI에 따라 110% 미만일 때 $169.7\pm31.5mg/dl,$ 110~120%일 때 $193.8\pm36.8mg/dl,$ 120% 이상 일 때 $202.2\pm29.3mg/dl로$ 비만도에 따른 유의적인 증가를 (p<0.05)보여주었으나 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. TG의 수치는 남자의 경우 KI가 110%미만인 그룹은 $102.9\pm108.2mg/dl,$ 120% 이상인 그룹은 $112.2\pm40.0mg/dl로$ 비만도가 증가함에 따라 TG가 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 여자의 경우 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 남자의 경우 HDL-C은 비만도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 조사 대상자의 체지방량 측정결과 체기방률은 남자의 겨우 16.4% 여자의 겨우 24.0%로 나타나 여자의 체지방률이 남자보다 높았다. 7. 신체계측치, 혈압, 혈청 지질간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 TC, TG는 KI, BMI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.01), HCL-C은 비체중, BMI, LBM, TBM와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, (p<0.01), KI, SBP와도 음의 상관관계를 보였다. (p<0.05), LCL-C는 KI와 유의적이인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (p<0.01) BF%, TBF, BMI와도 양의 상관관계를 나타냈었다. (p<0.05). 또한 LPH, Al는 모두 나이, 비체중, BMI, KI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. (p<0.01). 이상을 종합해 보면 본 조사 대상자들은 비만도가 높아질수록 혈청 지질 수준이 놓았으며, 이완기 혈압도 형철 지질과 상관관계를 나타났다. 대학생의 혈청 지질과 체지방에 대한 자료가 부족함을 고려할 때, 본 조사자료가 학생의 혈청지질의 체지방에 대한 기초 자료로서 이용될 것을 기대하며 보다 다각적인 연구가 이루어지기를 바라는 바이다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1996

Physicochemical properties of Youngia sonchifolia were compared according to harvesting time and brine methods for its Kimchi preparation. Moisture contents in the roots and the leaves of Y. sonchifolia grown for 5 weeks was more than those grown for 11 weeks. 5-week-grown Y. sonchifolia contained more total free sugar than 11-week-grown ones, and among total free sugar the content of fructose was the most, and the contents of glucose and sucrose were rather high. The roots of 11-week-grown Youngia sonchifolia were harder than those of 5-week grown ones. When the roots were soaked in NaCl solution, the hardness decreased with time. Salt concentration of the Kimchi of Y. sonchifolia increased by the brined material of the Kimchi with soaking time.Salt concentration of the Kimchi was higher in the leaves than in the roots.The roots and leaves of Y.sonchifolia grown for 11 weeks contained organic acids such as malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid,lactic acid, and citric acid,among which major organic acids were malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, whereas lactic acid and citric acid were minor organic acids.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-205
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution of the variables on the quality of life and the determinants of the sexual attitude and behavior of the unmarried female workers. This study was surveyed to the 306 unmarried women who worked in the small and medium scale industries in Kyungin area and analyzed the respondent's knowledge of sex, sexual behavior, health behavior, health status, satisfaction of working condition and recognition of working environment. The result of this study could be summarized as follows: The respondent's age are mostly early of twenties and their education level are high school and more. They recognize that their health condition is not so good but they hardly try to improve health condition. They think that their working condition are mostly unsatisfied and they also believe that they expose themselves to the toxic working environment. Although their knowledge of sex are low they have few chances for the education of sex and family planning. Their attitude of premarital sex are conservertive but the rate of approval of living together before marriage are high and the rate of premarital sex is around 15 percent. The premarital sex behavior are positively related with family size, living condition, knowledge of sex and working period but the sex experiences are negatively related with working period and knowledge of sex. As a result we suggest that the sex education and consultative program are necessary for improving the quality of life of the unmarried working women in small and medium scale industries.