• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze chemical water quality, fish trophic guilds, tolerance indicators, and fish community conditions in the Gap Stream and to compare the stream conditions between the unimpacted site and impacted site. This study was conducted in the physically stable season (May 2008) to minimize physical impacts such as flow and hydrological disturbance, and applied the study in the Gap Stream with two sites of unimpacted upstream site (Unim-S), mainly surrounded by forested area and impacted site (Im-S), influenced by the wastewater disposal plants and industrial complex in the urban region. Chemical data analysis showed that the degree of organic matter pollution, based on BOD, and COD, was $2{\sim}3$ fold greater in the Im-S than the Unim-S, and that TP, as eutrophication indicators, was 4.7 fold greater in the Im-S. Also, $NH_3-N$ was in 8.2 fold greater in the Im-S ($6.25\;mg\;L^{-1}$) than the Unim-S ($0.76\;mg\;L^{-1}$), indicating a massive influence of wastewater from the disposal plant. Similar results were found in other chemical parameters. Thus, chemical impacts in the Im-S were evident, compared to the unimpacted site. Evaluations of tolerant indicator species indicated that sensitive species were dominant in the Unim-S (23.9%) and tolerant species were dominant (97.8%) in the Im-S. Condition factor (CF) was averaged 0.95 ($0.68{\sim}1.18$) in the Unim-S and 1.08 ($0.93{\sim}1.22$) in the Im-S. Fish community in the Unim-S and Im-S was categorized as Zacco-community and Hemibarbus-community, respectively, and the community diversity index (H') was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Unim-S (0.810) than the Im-S (0.466). Overall, our results suggest that the comparison approach of various chemical and ecological indicators provide important information in identifying multiple stressors in the stream ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2008

Types of motivation for self-determination studied in the current research included intrinsic motivation (IM) to know, IM to accomplish, IM to experience stimulation; external, introjected, identified regulation; and amotivation as related to children's self-regulated learning strategies (use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992, 1993) were administered to 123 $5^{th}$ graders (63 girls, 60 boys). Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that IM to accomplish, IM to know, and identified regulation positively and amotivation negatively affected self-regulated learning strategies. IM to accomplish and IM to know positively and amotivation negatively contributed to use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effect of supervisor-focused impression management behavior of the airline cabin crew on perceived customer empathy. It focused on verifying dual meanings of the crew's emotional expression divided into surface acting and deep acting. Research design, data and methodology: The survey was conducted on cabin crews of two major Korean airlines. The reliability and validity of each variable used in the questionnaire were verified. Then, each hypothesis was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results: Firstly, the crew's supervisor-focused impression management behavior had a significant effect only on surface acting of the crew's emotional labor behavior. Among the crew's supervisor-focused IM behaviors, verbal IM behavior had a greater influence on surface acting than non-verbal IM behavior. Secondly, there was no relationship between the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior and the crew's deep acting. Thirdly, the crew's emotional labor behavior (surface acting & deep acting) had a significant effect on perceived customer empathy. Fourth, the crew's deep acting had a greater influence on perceived customer empathy than surface acting. Conclusions: Cabin crews receive double evaluation from their immediate supervisors and customers. As a result, it was confirmed that the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior, the crew's emotional labor behavior, and perceived customer empathy were connected process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Objective : In this study, we try to identify the herbal formulated by Heo Im from Kyeongheombang(經驗方), and investigate its medical property. Method : Those articles referenced from Heo Im's herbal formulas in "Sauikyeongheombang(四醫經驗方)" were extracted and results were quantitatively analyzed. From extracted empirical formulas, those categorized as externally applicable formulas were grouped by several standards and their medical significance was analyzed. Results and Conclusions : 85 and 66 articles were designated to be referred from Heo(許) in "Sauikyeongheombang" and "Uibanghapbu(醫方合部)" in each category, and 263 and 155 were identified to be Heo Im formulas, respectively. Externally applicable formulas in Heo Im's empirical recipes have following characteristics. First, various methods were used by Heo Im. Second, Heo Im's empirical formulas suggest useful clinical information maximizing therapeutic effect, which is of much value, originated from his practical experiences as a clinician. Third, Heo Im's therapy favorably succeeds the tradition of Hyangyak-medicine and Empirical -medicine. From this information, Heo Im is thought to have had rich insight and experience, not only in acupuncture but also in the prescription of herbal formulas at those days.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Objectives of this study were to determine if impurities in technical grade benfuracarb inhibit glutathione-S-transferase and amidase and to identify structures of impurities in technical grade benfuracarb. Technical grade benfuracarb, active ingredient, and impurity inhibited glutathione-S-transferase, and their $I_{50}$ were $9.7{\times}10^{-4}M,\;>1.0{\times}10^{-3}M,\;1.8{\times}10^{-4}M$, respectively. Such inhibition, however, was not higher than that by ethacrynic acid, a selective inhibitor to GST. Technical grade benfuracarb, active ingredient, and impurity also inhibited amidase, and their $I_{50}$ were $6.0{\times}10^{-5}M,\;4.3{\times}10^{-4}M,\;7.6{\times}10^{-5}M$, respectively. Our results show that the inhibition of both detoxifying enzymes by impurities in benfuracarb was 10-fold lower than that by active ingredient, suggesting that both active ingredient and impurities are involved in the inhibition of both detoxifying enzymes. Of four impurities (IM $1{\sim}4$) that were separated from technical grade benfuracarb, IM 2 and IM 3 inhibited GST and amidase. Based on data from IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and MS, it was determined that IM 2 is ethyl-N-isopropylamino propionate and IM 3 is ethyl-N-isopropyl-N(chlorosulfenyl)aminopropionate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.127-140
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• 2014

This study is performed to measure a performance of IMS using Delone & McLean's Information Success Model as a practical analysis for IMS implementation and their effects. For this, I reviewed the pre-research literatures to attain the measurement factors for IMS implementation and information system success model. For inspecting the hypotheses, answered the questionaries to the IMS managers. The results are as follows: the first, to improve the user's will, they have to focus on the service quality. The second, to improve the user's satisfaction, focus on the system quality. Finally, which affect on the performance is user's will rather than satisfaction.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.8
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• pp.25-60
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• 2003

Die Pluralformen (-(e), -( e)n, -'e, -'er, -s) sind durch die Flexionsklassen detenniniert. Basierend auf Genus und prosodischen Eigenschaften werden Plural­klassen unterschieden. Unter den Substantiven mit konsonantischem Wortauslaut wahlen die Feminina den (e)n-Plural, die Maskulina und Neutra im Allgemeinen aber den (e)-Plural. Es ist also anzunehmen, dass es fur jede Flexionsklasse eine vorhersagbare regulare Pluralbildung gibt Die Bildungen mit Umlaut (-'(e)-PI. und -'er-Pl) unterscheiden sich durch die deutlicheren, $verst\"{a}rkten$ Pl.-Markierungen vom einfachen Typ. Im Hinblick auf die $Regularit\"{a]ten$ im Pluralsystem ist festzustellen, dass die Numerusmarkierung bei den Feminina konsequenter ist als bei den Maskulina und Neutra. Im Weiteren spielt bei der Beschreibung der Pluralbildung der Begriff Markiertheit eine $gro{\ss}e$ Rolle. $Anschlie{\ss}end$ wird gezeigt, dass das Pluralsystem nach $Beschr\"{a}nkungen$ aufgebaut ist, die silbenphonologischer und morphologischer Natur sind. Im Rahmen der $Optim\"{a}litatstheorie$ werden die Pluralanalysen von Wegener und Wunderlich vorgestellt. Dabei werden die verschiedenartigen Pluralbildungen mithilfe zusammengestellter Begriffsinstrumentarien, die $f\"{u}r$ die Auswahl einer guten Pluralform ausreichen, vereinfacht dargestellt. Damit bestatigt sich das Plural system im Deutschen als nach klaren Prinzipien geordnet, wenn es auch komplex ist. $Schlie{\ss}lich$ wird der s-Plural als markierte Pluralform $ausf\"{u}hrlich$ gezeigt. Die These, der s-Plural sei der Defaultwert und einzige $regul\"{a}re$ Plural im Deutschen, gilt nur mit $Einschr\"{a}nkung$, da dieser Typ $haupts\"{a}chlich$ in bestimmten Bereichen des Wortschatzes auftritt. Es $w\"{a}re$ also angebracht, den s-Plural als 'unmarkierte Pluralform im markierten Bereich' anzusehen.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

In this paper, I try to develop a model the effects on organizational behavior and job performance of members of the organization's Information Management System. I conduct a survey on organizational performance received IMS and analyze the correlation between the variables. By the results, as the level of awareness of IMS determined the level of organization's performance. I proposed an alternative for improving performance and management improvements. How a positive influence on organizational performance analysis and efficient operating IMS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.777-785
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• 2016

IM(Instant Messenger) chatting service can carry user's various information including life style, geographical position, and psychology & crime history and thus forensic analysis on the IM service is desirable. But, forensic analysis for KakaoTalk's chatting service is not well studied yet. For this reason, we study KakaoTalk's forensic analysis focusing on chatting service. This paper first details a general method of IM forensics investigating the previous articles about IM forensics although there are not many articles. Second, we discuss methodologies for IM forensics wherein we present analysis of table structure and method for reconstruction of chatting message. These result in the basic element of forensic tools of KakaoTalk chatting message. Last, we compare artifacts of KakaoTalk with that of WhatsApp. We conclude that these applications are, at least, different in that table structures and the ways to reconstruct chatting messages are not same and therefore digital evidences or artifacts are not same and somewhat distinct.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-201
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• 2009

Im Allgemeinen auch psychische Patienten k$\ddot{o}$nnen sich daruber selbst entscheiden, $\ddot{a}$rztliche Behandlung zu nehmen und ins Krankenhaus aufgenommen zu werden. Im S$\ddot{u}$dkorea bei der zwangsweisen Unterbringung wird kein KBGB des privatlichen Rechts, sondern Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychisch Gesundheitspflege des $\ddot{o}$ffentlichen Rechts vorz$\ddot{u}$glich verwandt. Aber das noch kann ein selbst Bestimmungsrecht von der psychischen Patient verletzen. Im Deutschland regelt BGB $\S$ 1906 Zwangsunterbringung der psychische Patienten, die Gef$\ddot{a}$hr des Selbstmord oder der Eigengef$\ddot{a}$hrdung haben. Au$\ss$erdemhat jedes Land eigen Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychischen Kranken, das $\ddot{o}$ffentliche Vorschrift f$\ddot{u}$r Zwangsunterbringung regelt. Im Fall der Zwangsunterbringung im Deutschland BGB $\S$ 1906 wird prim$\ddot{a}$rer als $\ddot{o}$ffentlich Rechts verwandt, um die Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Patienten zu unterstutzen. Auch im Korea KBGB (koreanisches B$\ddot{u}$rgerliches Gesetzbuch) Ver$\ddot{a}$nderungen f$\ddot{u}$r die Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung des Betreuungsrechts, die sich mit der Zwangsunterbringung befassen, sollten diskutiert werden, damit die Selbstbestimmung sch$\ddot{a}$tzen.