• 생약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hair growth-promoting effect of Clitocybin A from mushroom Clitocybe aurantiaca with dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which play important roles in the regulation of hair cycle. Clitocybin A significantly increased the proliferation of immortalized rat vibrissa DPCs. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Clitocybin A promoted cell-cycle progression through G0/G1 to S phase in immortalized rat vibrissa DPCs. In addition, Clitocybin A increased the level of cell cycle proteins such as cyclin D1, phospho-pRB, and phospho-CDK2. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Clitocybin A on the proliferation of DPCs, we examined the activation of wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling which is known to regulate hair follicle development, differentiation and hair growth. Clitocybin A activated wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling via the increase of phospho(ser552)-${\beta}$-catenin, phospho(ser675)-${\beta}$-catenin and phospho(ser9)-$GSK3{\beta}$. Furthermore, Clitocybin A markedly increased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results suggest that the Clitocybin A may induce hair growth by proliferation of DPCs via cell-cycle progression as well as the activation of Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling and ERK pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1668-1674
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• 2016

Red ginseng, a steamed and sun-dried ginseng, is a popular health-promoting food in Korea and other Asian countries. We introduced nanofertilizer technology using gold nanoparticles in an effort to develop red ginseng with an elevated level of ginsenosides, the main active compounds of ginseng. Shoots of 6-year-old ginseng plants were fertilized three times with colloidal gold nanoparticle sprays. Red ginseng extract was prepared from the main roots. The concentrations of gold and ginsenosides were measured following gold nanoparticle treatment. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, mouse peritoneal macrophages of male BALB/c mouse were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-γ in the presence of extracts from red ginseng with or without gold nanoparticle treatment. The content of ginsenosides, such as Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rb1, increased in ginseng treated with gold nanofertilizer whereas the steaming process increased only the levels of Rd and Rg3. The levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-α, were more suppressed in macrophages treated with extract from gold nanoparticle-treated red ginseng. Our results show that the use of a colloidal gold nanoparticle fertilizer improved the synthesis of ginsenosides in ginseng and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of red ginseng. Further research is required to elucidate the causal factors for the gold-induced change in ginsenoside synthesis and to determine the in vivo effect of gold nanoparticle-treated ginseng.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2007

외부 공진기형 반도체 레이저를 주레이저로 하여 종레이저로 사용한 상용 반도체 레이저에 광 주입-잠금을 수행하고, 주입-잠금된 종레이저의 모드 특성을 조사하였다. 루비듐 원자의 D1 전이선에서 포화흡수분광 스펙트럼과 주입-잠금된 종레이저의 모드를 측정하였다. 주입-잠금 대역폭 내에 있는 종레이저가 주레이저의 주파수와 선폭이 동기되는 것을 확인하였고, 주입되는 광의 세기에 따른 주입-잠금 대역폭을 측정하였다. 특히, 주입되는 광의 세기, 그리고 주레이저와 종레이저의 주파수 차이에 따른 주입-잠금 과정에 종레이저의 모드 변화를 공초점 패브리-페로 간섭계를 이용하여 측정했다. 불완전 주입-잠금 상태에서는 종레이저의 모드가 두 개 이상의 다중 모드로 발진하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

Objectives : Positive effects of Ginseng has great research attentions such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiaging, liver, immune function, CNS, etc. In this study, we investigated Hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented byBacillus subtilisto establish fermentation conditions for enhancing functionality.Methods : Ginseng Folium were cultivated hydroponic-cultured and were extracted with methanol. We inoculateBacillus subtilisfor fermentation by adding to 0%, 3% and 5% sugar respectively and checked antioxidant activities, total phenolic content and total saponin content in 2 days intervals during 11 days. The antioxidant activities were studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay. We analyzed the Total phenol content, crude saponin content and ginsenoside content. Moreever, Hepatoprotective effects by Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in Sprague-Dawley rat.Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS were 66.89% and 96.72%, respectively. The reducing power was resulted in optical density of 0.7312 with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation. and the concentration at 200 ㎍/㎖. Total phenol content was 36.92㎎/g with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation, in which crude saponin content wasn't changed, and ginsenoside content such as Rg3, Re and Rb was increased. Activities of GOT and GPT concentration were decreased in rat.Conclusions : This study suggests that hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented byBacillus subtilisin 9 days showed significant efficacy of hepato-protection as well as antioxidant compared to the others. In addition, it shows not only improved value but also utilized hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium by fermentation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2001

Gingival fibroblasts are major cellular component of gingiva. However, the molecular mechanisms of senescence of human gingival fibroblasts are unknown. Human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence in vitro after a limited number of population doublings. A reduced rate of proliferation is a prominent phenomenon observed in senescent fibroblasts. This phenomenon is controled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of replicative senescence on cell cycle progression and to find out its molecular mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts. Replicative senescence of gingival fibroblasts were induced by subsequent cultures that were repeated up to 18 passage. In the present study, I examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression during the replicative process. Also, I examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins which was estimated by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell activity and cell viability of gingival fibroblasts were notably decreased with increase of population doubling level(PDL). S phase was decreased and G1 phase was increased with increase of PDL. Western blot analysis showed that levels of P16, p21 and p53 of senescent gingival fibroblasts(PDL41, PDL58) were higher than young fibroblasts(PDL27) and cdk4 were lower than young fibroblasts(PDL27). In conclusion, these results suggest that proliferative function of human gingival fibroblasts may be decreased by replicative senescence and its molecular mechanisms may be activatied with p16, p21, p53 and pRB, and repressed wtih cdk4.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4393-4398
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• 2013

Background: Chromosomal translocations are genetic aberrations associated with specific non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. This study investigated the differential gene expression profile of Egyptian NHL cases based on a microarray approach. Materials and Methods: The study included tissue samples from 40 NHL patients and 20 normal lymph nodes used as controls. Total RNA was extracted and used for cDNA microarray assays. The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the aberrantly expressed genes in cancer. Results: Significant associations of 8 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated genes with NHL were observed. Aberrant expression of a new group of genes not reported previously was apparent, including down-regulated NAG14 protein, 3 beta hydroxy-delta 5-c27 steroid oxi-reductase, oxi-glutarate dehydrogenase (lipo-amide), immunoglobulin lambda like polypeptide 3, protein kinase x linked, Hmt1, and caveolin 2 Tetra protein. The up-regulated genes were Rb binding protein 5, DKFZP586J1624 protein, protein kinase inhibitor gamma, zinc finger protein 3, choline ethanolamine phospho-transferase CEPT1, protein phosphatase, and histone deacetylase-3. Conclusions: This study revealed that new differentially expressed genes that may be markers for NHL patients and individuals who are at high risk for cancer development.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.145-145
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• 1999

La-Ca-Mn-O (LCMO) 박막에서 초거대 자기 저항 효과와 발견된 이후 자기 센서와 고밀도 자기 저장 매체로서 응용하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 현재 대부분의 증착은 타겟과 박막간의 조성의 일치를 위하여 PLD 방법을 이용하고 있으며 RF magnetron sputtering 법으로 증착한 예는 많이 보고되고 있지 않으며 특히 적층 성장시킨 예는 아직 보고되지 있지 않다. 또한 LCMO와의 낮은 격자 상수 불일치를 보이는 SrTiO3와 LaAlO3 기판에 LCMO 박막을 성장시킬 경우 LaAlO3의 경우 XRD rocking curve의 curve의 FWHM 값이 SrTiO3 상에 증착시킨 것의 10배 이상의 값을 보인다는 것은 주목할 만한 사실이다. RF magnetron sputtering 법을 이용하여 LaAlO3 기판상에 145nm MCMO 박막을 적층성장시켰다. XRD $ heta$-2$\theta$ scan을 통해 박막이 c-축 배향한 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 RBS 분석결과 4.98%의 minimumyield를 보였으며 이로부터 박막이 적층성장한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. LCMO (200) peak의 XRD $\theta$-rocking 결과 FWHM의 값은 0.311$^{\circ}$를 보였으나 2개의 피크가 존재하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 기판의 (200) 피크를 XRD $\theta$-2$\theta$ scan에서 0.3$^{\circ}$ 간격으로 두 개의 피크를 관찰할 수 있었는데 이는 기판과 박막간의 stress로 인한 tetragonal distortion에 의한 것으로 알려져 있었다. 따라서 기판상에 박막이 어떤 식으로 적층 성장되었는지를 RBS를 이용하여 <001>과 <011> 방향으로 2MeV He++를 주입하여 0.1$^{\circ}$ 간격으로 틸팅을 해본 결과 <001> 방향에서는 1.12$^{\circ}$의 차이를 보였다. 이는 기판과의 compressive stress로 인해 c축 방향으로 늘어났으며 stress relaxed layer는 XRD 결과와는 달리 관찰할 수 없었다. 이러한 현상의 기판 자체의 twin 구조로 인한 것으로 생각된다. RBS 분석후 고분해능 XRD를 이용해 LCMO (200) peak의 $\theta$-rocking 결과 이제R지 laAlO3 상 증착한 LCMO의 값으로는 제일 작은 0.147$^{\circ}$를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2005

Nicotine has been implicated as a potential factor in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer, however its mechanism of action in the development of lung cancer remains largely unknown. To explore the role of nicotine in the development of lung cancer, we first investigated the effects of nicotine on the expression of tumor associated genes by treating Sprague-Dawley rats with nicotine (10 mg/kg) by gavage once daily for 10 days. We determined the expression of proteins and mRNAs of the ras, raf, myc, jun, fos oncogenes and p53, Rb tumor suppressor genes by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. We did not detect any changes on the levels of proteins and mRNAs of these tumor associated genes in the lung of Sprague-Dawley rats from 3 days to 12 weeks after the last treatment of nicotine, indicating that nicotine appears to have no effect on expression of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes at an early stage in multistage chemical carcinogenesis. In a second experiment, we investigated the possibility that 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) could be formed endogenously by treating with nicotine and sodium nitrite. We treated groups of Fischer 344 rats with nicotine ($60{\mu}mol/kg$) and sodium nitrite ($180{\mu}mol/kg$), nicotine, sodium nitrite and NNK (120 nmol/kg) alone by gavage once daily for 7 days, respectively and determined the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as an indicator of NNK formation, in the lungs of rats 24 hours and 48 hours after the last treatment by HPLC/ECD method. We detect increased level of 8-OHdG in the lungs of rats treated with NNK, but in the case of nicotine plus sodium nitrite, nicotine and sodium nitrite alone we could not detected any changes of 8-OHdG, respectively.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2015

Objectives: The marker substances of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture that may not be detected during the process of steaming remain controversial. We developed a combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture that contains all the marker substances. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the marker substances and test the toxicity of the combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods: The marker substances were detected using HPLC. Intravenous injection toxicity studies were conducted at Medvill, an authorized institution for non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice. We observed survival rates, abnormal behaviors, weight changes, gross findings in autopsy, blood biochemical properties, and histological abnormalities of organs such as the liver and kidney. Results: HPLC data showed that ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Rg3 were detected at concentrations of 19.29, 47.64, and 3.02 μ g /ml, respectively. Administration of combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture resulted in no dead animals or significant toxicological changes. Conclusions: The combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture contains all the marker substances and is a relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the present findings.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2006

To localize the connection between intergeniculate nucleus and suprachisasmatic nucleus through geniculohypothalamic tract in postnatal mongolian gerbil, we injected lacZ inserted PRV-Bartha strain into suprachiasrnatic nucleus and tried to immunostain against it with Rb134 and mouse $anti-{\beta}-galactosidase$. The numbers of immunoreactive neurons in intergeniculate leaflet were $8{\pm}3.2$ in P1 Period, $10{\pm}4.1$ in P3 Period and $13{\pm}6.2$ in P7 Period, and was statistically significant (p<0.05) and had tendency to increase with time consuming. The results showed that intergeniculate leaflet had projected some axons into suprachiasrnatic nucleus through geniculohyptothalamic tract in postnatal mongolian gerbil. But we could not exclude the possibility of direct projections from dorsal and ventral geniculate nuclei into suprachisamatic nucleus completely.