• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2002

Curvature of Crystalline lens changes by Accommdation's change. When Accommdation gives force vertically to Crystalline lens that is elastic body, length increases for vertex direction. Density distribution and form of Crystalline lens that receive force lean to posterior surface, horizontal force of anterior surface direction is bigger more than horizontal force of posterior surface direction. But, if Accommdation begins to grow more than threshold value, expansity reaches in limit on anterior surface. This time, horizontal force of posterior surface direction is great mored more than horizontal force of anterior surface direction, thickness of posterior surface direction increases because is more than anterior surface direction. Anterior and posterior relationship thickness change difference accomplish the 2-nd funtional line(${\Delta}=B_1D+B_2D^2$) about Accommdation. Thickness (${\Delta}t_a$, ${\Delta}t_p$) difference change curved line of anterior pole-border and border-posterior pole by Accommdation is expressed as following. $${\Delta}t_a=t_a-t_{ao}=t_{max}+t_0{\exp}(-A/B)-t_{ao}$$ $${\Delta}t_p=t_p-t_{po}=t_{min}+t_0{\exp}(A/B)-t_{po}$$ The Parameter value that save in human's Crystalline lens obtain $t_{min}=1.1.06$, $t_0=-0.33$, B=9.32 in anterior, and $t_{max}=1.97$, $t_0=0.10$, B=7.96 etc. in posterior. Vertex curvature radius' change is as following Crystalline lens' anterior and posterior by Accommation $$R=R_0+R_1{\exp}(D/k)$$ The Parameter value that save in human's Crystalline lens obtain $R_{min}=5.55$, $R_1=6.87$, k=4.65 in anterior, and $R_{max}=-68.6$, $R_1=76.7$, k=308.5 in posterior, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.265-277
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• 2003

The various technologies of the science and technology field were systematized to manage information, personnel and R&D activities related to S&T effectively. The resulting “National Standard Science and Technology Classification” which were composed of 19 areas, 160 divisions and 1,023 categories could contribute to establish rational S&T policy. “National Standard Science and Technology Classification” is synthetic in national level because they include all areas of S&T activities. 5 criteria, which were inclusiveness, exclusiveness, likeness, scale and universality, were used to exert every effort in including the opinion of all experts and to consider harmony between S&T areas. In addition, “National Standard Science and Technology Classification” was prepared to be interchangeable with various classification which were used in other R&D management institutes under the different ministries.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1829-1839
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• 2014

Let (${\Omega}$, $\mathcal{S}$, ${\mu}$) be a probabilistic measure space, ${\varepsilon}{\in}\mathbb{R}$, ${\delta}{\geq}0$, p > 0 be given numbers and let $P{\subset}\mathbb{R}$ be an open interval. We consider a class of functions $f:P{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$, satisfying the inequality $$f(EX){\leq}E(f{\circ}X)+{\varepsilon}E({\mid}X-EX{\mid}^p)+{\delta}$$ for each $\mathcal{S}$-measurable simple function $X:{\Omega}{\rightarrow}P$. We show that if additionally the set of values of ${\mu}$ is equal to [0, 1] then $f:P{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ satisfies the above condition if and only if $$f(tx+(1-t)y){\leq}tf(x)+(1-t)f(y)+{\varepsilon}[(1-t)^pt+t^p(1-t)]{\mid}x-y{\mid}^p+{\delta}$$ for $x,y{\in}P$, $t{\in}[0,1]$. We also prove some basic properties of such functions, e.g. the existence of subdifferentials, Hermite-Hadamard inequality.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1253-1270
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• 2015

Let (R, m) be a commutative Noetherian local domain, M a non-zero finitely generated R-module of dimension n > 0 and I be an ideal of R. In this paper it is shown that if $x_1,{\ldots },x_t$ ($1{\leq}t{\leq}n$) be a sub-set of a system of parameters for M, then the R-module $H^t_{(x_1,{\ldots },x_t)}$(R) is faithful, i.e., Ann $H^t_{(x_1,{\ldots },x_t)}$(R) = 0. Also, it is shown that, if $H^i_I$ (R) = 0 for all i > dim R - dim R/I, then the R-module $H^{dimR-dimR/I}_I(R)$ is faithful. These results provide some partially affirmative answers to the Lynch's conjecture in [10]. Moreover, for an ideal I of an arbitrary Noetherian ring R, we calculate the annihilator of the top local cohomology module $H^1_I(M)$, when $H^i_I(M)=0$ for all integers i > 1. Also, for such ideals we show that the finitely generated R-algebra $D_I(R)$ is a flat R-algebra.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.1117-1127
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• 2019

Let ${\mathcal{L}}_2=(-{\Delta})^2+V^2$ be the $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ type operator, where nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse $H{\ddot{o}}lder$ class $RH_s$, s > n/2. In this paper, we consider the operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}=V^{2{\alpha}}{\mathcal{L}}^{-{\beta}}_2$ and its conjugate $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, where $0<{\alpha}{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}1$. We establish the $(L^p,\;L^q)$-boundedness of operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, respectively, we also show that $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from Hardy type space $H^1_{L_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into $L^{p_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from $L^{p_1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into BMO type space $BMO_{{\mathcal{L}}1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$, where $p_1={\frac{n}{4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$, $p_2={\frac{n}{n-4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.745-758
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• 2005

Two hundred fifty eight Hanwoo steers were used in a completely randomized design experiment to determine the effects of ad libitum or restricted feeding of concentrates on body weight(BW) gain, feed intake, blood metabolites and hematological parameters. Steers were assigned at 6 months of age to feeding groups of ad libitum(T1) or restricted(T2) by 18 months of age. Steers in both groups were fed ad libitum from 19 months of age. The restrictive feeding levels were 1.2-1.5% of BW for the growing period and 1.7-1.8% of BW for the early fattening period. Average daily gains were significantly higher in T1 than in T2 from 10 to 14 months of age, but were significantly higher in T2 than in T1 from 20 to 24 months of age(p<0.05). Total dry matter intake(DMI) was higher in T1 than in T2 at 10, 12 and 16 months of age(p<0.05). Total DMI of T2 was higher than that of T1 at 22 months of age(p<0.05). Feed conversions were significantly lower in T2 than in T1 from 20 to 30 months of age(p<0.05). Blood albumin concentrations were significantly higher in T2 than in T1 at 12, 14, 16 and 18 months of age. Blood triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in T1 than in T2 at 14 and 16 months of age(p<0.05). Blood inorganic phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in T2 compared with T1 at 8, 10, 16 and 22 months of age(p<0.05). Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly lower in T2 than in T1 from 8 to 12 months of age(p<0.05), but those were significantly higher in T2 than T1 from 10 months to 12 months of age(p<0.05). Present results may indicate that the restricted feeding for the growing period does not show adverse effects on body weight gain with better feed conversion for the following late fattening period.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2024

Mutations within the SCN5A gene, which encodes the α-subunit 5 (Na_V1.5) of the voltage-gated Na⁺ channel, have been linked to three distinct cardiac arrhythmia disorders: long QT syndrome type 3, Brugada syndrome (BrS), and cardiac conduction disorder. In this study, we have identified novel missense mutations (p.A385T/R504T) within SCN5A in a patient exhibiting overlap arrhythmia phenotypes. This study aims to elucidate the functional consequences of SCN5A mutants (p.A385T/R504T) to understand the clinical phenotypes. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to analyze the Na_V1.5 current (I_Na) in HEK293 cells transfected with the wild-type and mutant SCN5A with or without SCN1B co-expression. The amplitude of I_Na was not altered in mutant SCN5A (p.A385T/R504T) alone. Furthermore, a rightward shift of the voltage-dependent inactivation and faster recovery from inactivation was observed, suggesting a gain-of-function state. Intriguingly, the co-expression of SCN1B with p.A385T/R504T revealed significant reduction of I_Na and slower recovery from inactivation, consistent with the loss-of-function in Na⁺ channels. The SCN1B dependent reduction of I_Na was also observed in a single mutation p.R504T, but p.A385T co-expressed with SCN1B showed no reduction. In contrast, the slower recovery from inactivation with SCN1B was observed in A385T while not in R504T. The expression of SCN1B is indispensable for the electrophysiological phenotype of BrS with the novel double mutations; p.A385T and p.R504T contributed to the slower recovery from inactivation and reduced current density of Na_V1.5, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

For the establishment of seed production technique of warm water abalone species Haliotis sieboldii, development of the fertilized eggs and its biological minimum temperature were determined. The durations of each development stages at the six rearing temperature regimes were expressed as an exponential equation: 4 celled stage 1/h = 0.1346T - 2.1709(r² = 0.88) Morula stage 1/h = 0.0176T - 0.2184 (r² = 0.89) Trochophore 1/h = 0.0063T - 0.0512 (r² = 0.98) Veliger 1/h = 0.0045T - 0.0295 (r² = 0.99) 2nd c.t. 1/h = 0.0008T - 0.0047 (r² = 0.99) According to the equation, the biological minimum temperature for Haliotis sieboldii was estimated to be 9.7 ℃.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1167-1182
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• 2016

Let M be an R-module, where R is a commutative ring with identity 1 and let G(V,E) be a graph. In this paper, we study the graphs associated with modules over commutative rings. We associate three simple graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ to M called full annihilating, semi-annihilating and star-annihilating graph. When M is finite over R, we investigate metric dimensions in $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$. We show that M over R is finite if and only if the metric dimension of the graph $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$ is finite. We further show that the graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ are empty if and only if M is a prime-multiplication-like R-module. We investigate the case when M is a free R-module, where R is an integral domain and show that the graphs $ann_f({\Gamma}(M_R))$, $ann_s({\Gamma}(M_R))$ and $ann_t({\Gamma}(M_R))$ are empty if and only if $$M{\sim_=}R$$. Finally, we characterize all the non-simple weakly virtually divisible modules M for which Ann(M) is a prime ideal and Soc(M) = 0.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1963

A total of 220 adult male mice (18-20g) of the S.M. strain were divided into ten experimental and control groups. The total-body X-ray irradiation doses used were 50 r, 100r, 200r, 400r, 600r, 800r, 1,000r, 1,200r, 1,400r, and1,600r. The respiratory arrest (mortality) caused by each irradiation doses were observed for 30 days. Relationships between irradiation doses and survival time and percentage of response were examined. From this experiment, a formula was obtained to express the relationship among three factors, which may be presented as follows : {{{{{{{{P= { 10} over { SQRT { 2 pi } } INT _{ - INF }^{ p'} e-{(p'-50)^2 } over {200 }dp···(a) p'=100 LEFT { t^0.3- LEFT ( { { 16.9965} over {D-60 } } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } } / LEFT { LEFT ( { 26372.43} over {D-81.86 } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } -( { { 16.9965} over {D-60 } } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } ···(b) p= { (D-60) t^0.75-16.9965} over {0.2186 t^0.75 +263.55434 }····(c) }} {{{{P= { 10} over { SQRT { 2 pi } } INT _{ - INF }^{ p'} e-{(p'-50)^2 } over {200 }dp···(a) p'=100 LEFT { t^0.3- LEFT ( { { 16.9965} over {D-60 } } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } } / LEFT { LEFT ( { 26372.43} over {D-81.86 } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } -( { { 16.9965} over {D-60 } } RIGHT ) ^{ { 1} over {2.5 } } ···(b) p= { (D-60) t^0.75-16.9965} over {0.2186 t^0.75 +263.55434 }····(c)