• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.159-169
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• 2004

This is a proposal to probe local part of the interplanetary dust (IPD) cloud complex and retrieve mean volume emissivity of the local IPDs at mid-infrared wavelengths. This will be done by monitoring, with Infrared Camera (IRC) aboard the ASTRO-F, the annual modulation of the zodiacal emission. In pointing mode of the ASTRO-F mission the spacecraft can make attitude maneuvering over approximately ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ range centered at solar elongation $90^{\circ}$ in the ecliptic plane. The attitude maneuvering combined with high sensitivity of the IRC will provide us with a unique opportunity observationally to take derivatives of the zodiacal emission brightness with respect to the solar elongation. From the resulting differential of the brightness over the ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ range, one can directly determine the mean volume emissivity of the local IPDs with a sufficient accuracy to de-modulate the annual emissivity variations due to the Earth's elliptical motion and the dis-alignment of the maximum IPD density plane with respect to the ecliptic. The non-zero eccentricity ($e_{\oplus}$= 0.0167) of the Earth's orbit combined with the sensitive temperature dependence of the Planck function would bring modulations of amplitude at least $3.34\%$ to the zodiacal emission brightness at mid-infrared wavelengths, with which one may determine the IPD temperature T(r) and mean number density n(r) as functions of heliocentric distance r. This will in turn fix the power-law exponent $\delta$ in the relation $T(r) = T_o(r/r_o)^{-\delta}$ for the dust temperature and v in $n(r) = n_o(r/r_o)^-v$ for the density. We discuss how one may de-couple the notorious degeneracy of cross-section, density, reference temperature $T_o$ and exponent $\delta$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) were sequenced and analyzed to design specific primer for identification of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. Two types ISRs, large and small ISRs, were identified from three strains (ATCC 11663, KACC 10163 and KACC 10165) of P. chrysanthemi and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ATCC 15713.Large ISRs contained transfer RNA-Ile(tRNA$^{Ile}$)and tRNA$^{Ala}$, and small ISRs contained tRNA$^{Glu}$. Size of the small ISRs of P. chrysanthemi ranged on 354-356 bp, while it was 451 bp in small ISR of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ATCC 15713. From hypervariable region of small ISRs, species-specific primer for P. chrysanthemi with 20 bp length (CHPG) was designed from hypervariable region of small ISRs, which was used as forward promer to detect P. chrysanthemi strains with R23-1R produced PCR product of about 260bp size (CHSF) only from P. chrysanthemi strains, not from other Pectobacterium spp. and Erwinia spp. Direct PCR from bacterial cell without extracting DNA successfully amplified a specific fragment, CHSF, from P. chrysanthemi ATCC 11663. The limit of PCR detection was 1${\pm}10^2$ cfu/ml.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

To evaluate the T1, T2 magnetic relaxation properties of water molecule according to molecular weight of paramagnetic complex. 4-aminomethyicyclohexane carboxylic acid (0.63 g, 4 mmol) was mixed with the suspension solution of DMF (15 ml) and DTPA-bis-anhydride (0.71 g, 2 mmol) to synthesize the ligand. The ligand was then mixed with $Gd_2O_3$ (0.18 g, 0.5 mmol) to synthesize Gd-chelate. For the measurement of magnetic relaxivity of paramagnetic compounds, the compounds were diluted to 1 mM and then the relaxation times were measured at 1.57 (64 MHz). Inversion-recovery pulse sequence was employed for T1 relaxation measurement and CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboon-Gill) pulse sequence was employed for T2 relaxation measurement. In case of inversion recovery sequence, total 35 images with different inversion time(T1)s ranging from 50 msec to 1,750 msec. To estimate the relaxation times, the signal intensity of each sample was measured using region of Interest (ROI) and then fitted by non-linear least square method to yield T1, T2 relaxation times and also R1 and R2. Compared to T1=($205.1{\pm}2.57$) msec and T2=($209.4{\pm}4.28$) msec of Omniscan (Gadodiamide), which is commercially available paramagnetic MR agent, T1 and T2 values of new paramagnetic complexes were reduced along with their molecular weight. That is, T1 value was ranged from $(96.35{\pm}2.04)\;to\;(79.38{\pm}1.55)$ msec and T2 value was ranged from $(91.02{\pm}2.08)\;to\;(76.66{\pm}1.84)$ msec. Among new paramagnetic complexes, there is a tendency that the R1 and R2 increase as the molecular weight is increases. As molecular weight of paramagnetic complex increases, T1 and T2 relaxation times reduce and thus the increase of relaxivity (R1 and R2) Is proportional to molecular weight.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

This paper suggests a new paradigm of science and technology (S&T) policy for the purpose of the new national development that pursues not the scale expansion of a industrial production but the qualitative enhancement of industrial and S&T comparativeness. The new S&T policy paradigm includes new policy directions such as the density increasement of high quality- brain power and the energy supply for crossing the threshold from imitative R&D to creative R&D. Also, this paper argues that it is necessary not only to acquire the support of the local S&T community and policy-makers on the new S&T policy paradigm, but also to develop and implement policy measures in details on the basis of the new paradigm suggested by the paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2002

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

In this paper, we introduce the reverse of the operator Davis-Choi-Jensen's inequality. Our results are employed to establish a new bound for the Furuta inequality. More precisely, we prove that, if $A,\;B{\in}{\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ are self-adjoint operators with the spectra contained in the interval [m, M] with m < M and A ≤ B, then for any $r{\geq}{\frac{1}{t}}>1,\,t{\in}(0,\,1)$ $A^r{\leq}({\frac{M1_{\mathcal{H}}-A}{M-m}}m^{rt}+{\frac{A-m1_{\mathcal{H}}}{M-m}}M^{rt}){^{\frac{1}{t}}}{\leq}K(m,\;M,\;r)B^r,$ where K (m, M, r) is the generalized Kantorovich constant.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the influence of water temperature on egg developmental speed for determining the required time and optimum water temperature for hatching of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus eggs. The fertilized eggs were collected from the naturally spawned adults in November 2007. The eggs were randomly divided into 6 groups of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$) and transferred in $1{\ell}$ beaker, respectively. The fertilized eggs of the olive flounder did not hatched at $5^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ and hatching rates at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ were 3, 12, 25 and 50%, respectively. The relationships between the water temperature (T, $^{\circ}C$) and required time (1/t, hour) from egg to each developmental stage were given as follows ; Blastula: 1/t=0.0208T-0.0951 ($r^2$=0.8593) Kupffer's vesicle: 1/t=0.0052T-0.0176 ($r^2$=0.9819) Myotome: 1/t=0.0034T-0.0172 ($r^2$=0.8508) Hatching: 1/t=0.0016T-0.0068 ($r^2$=0.9915) Biological minimum temperature in egg development was calculated to be $4.3^{\circ}C$.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on elementary school children's lifestyle and to contribute to developing on the health education program in elementary schools. The subjects were 1,412 children in 4 elementary schools in Gangwon-Do and Chonrabuk-Do area. Data collection was done from September to November 2001 by questionnaire and school health documents. The questionnaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by Bronson School of Nursing(1991), 'Lifestyle Questionnaire for School-age Children'. The questionnaire consists of 3 categories; 'Activities that promote health', 'Injury prevention', 'Feeling'. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 29 items was .68. The data analyzed to obtain frequency, mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS Win program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Females(50.2%) of gender, 6th grade(24.2%) of grade, nuclear family(82.0%) of family type, beyond college graduate(54.5%) of father's school career, under high school graduate(58.1%) of mother's school career, first of birth order(47.1%) were majority. Mean of father's age was 41.2 and mother's age was 38.1. 2. The mean of lifestyle was 66.4, feeling was 73.3, activities that promote health was 60.3 and injury prevention was 64.0. The highest degree of activities that promote health was 「I eat fruits」and injury prevention was 「I look both ways when crossing streets」and feeling was 「I enjoy my family」. The lowest degree of activities that promote health was 「I visit the dentist every tear」 and injury prevention was 「I wear a helmet when I go on bike trips」 and feeling was 「I think it is okay to cry」. 3. There were significant differences in lifestyle of gender(t=4.309, p=.000), grade(F=6.299, p=.000), father's age(t=2.534, p=.011), father's education(t=-4.933, p=.000), mother's education(t=-3.360, p=.001), birth order (t=5.363, p=.000). There were significant differences in activities that promote health of gender(t=-2.462, P=.014), grade(F=4.893, p=.000), father's education(t=-4.480, p=.000), birth order(t=4.343, p=.000), in injury prevention of gender(t=-4.452, p=.000), grade(F=8.636, p=.000), father's age(t=3.386, p=.001), mother's age(t=2.059, p=.040), father's education(t=-6.051, p=.000), mother's education(t=-5.173, p=.000), birth order(t=4.417, p=.000) and in feeling of gender (t=-3.285, p=.001), grade(F=7.526, p=.000), mother's age(t=-3.268, p=.001). 4. Activities that promote health was positively correlated with injury prevention(r=.432, p=.000), feeling(r=.210, p=.000), lifestyle (r=.785, p=.000). Injury prevention was positively correlated with feeling(r=.256, p=.000), lifestyle(r=.854, p=.000) also feeling was positively correlated with lifestyle(r=.504, p=.000). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to promote elementary school children's health. Because helmet use score in injury prevention marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage helmet use when planning injury prevention and health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 1990

Studies on the performance of a heat pump using non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures are done. In order to estimate the thermodynamic properties for the selected non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures including R22/R152a, R22/R142b, R22/R114 and R13B1/R152a, Peng-Robinson equation of state is adopted. The pressure-enthalpy diagram and the temperature-entropy diagram are plotted for each refrigerant mixture. Considerations on the capacity modulation for the heat pump system using refrigerant mixtures are taken into. Results show that when the heating load varies, the possibility for the capacity modulation is found in the heat pump system using a compressor with constant volume flow rate. Under a constant heating capacity condition in the heat pump system, the coefficient of performance increases when the refrigerant mixtures are used. The volume flow rate decreases as the mass fraction of lower boiler increases in this case.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.303-317
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• 2013

In present paper, we obtain functions $R_t(c,{\nu},a,b)$ and $R_t(c,-{\mu},a,b)$ by using generalized hypergeometric function. A recurrence relation, integral representation of the generalized hypergeometric function $_2R_1(a,b;c;{\tau};z)$ and some special cases have also been discussed.