• Water for future
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1979

This study has been conducted to find out the location and amount of the subterrain water body developed in the alluvial stratum in Paho-Dong, Sungsee-Myo-n, Dalsung-Kun are. An earlier test drilling was done in this area by R.O.K. Agricultural Promotion Corporation. The area consists of a small river basin and surrounding low hills developed around the junction of the Nakdong and Kumho Rivers. The strata of this area are made of Paldal gravel, Bokhyundong and Banyawol layers which were formed in the cretaceous period of the Meso-saicera or acid dikes and covered with-irregular alluvial layers. The alluvial layer in this area is composed of rather minute particles and proportional electric resistance tests on this layer show $10^2\;-\;10^3\;\Omega/cm$. The drillings up to 12meters deep showed only the sand layer (Form 3 to 26meters in thickness) contains water. The sand layers can not be considered a good water trapping one. Applying the data from the drillings to A.Hazen's equation, $K\;=\;{cd_e}^2\;(0.7\;+0.03t)$ to get the theoretical value of the water infilterated, I calculated it as K=13.92m/day. And again the value was set to Dupuit equation, (equation omitted) to acquire the pumping water amount the result was $Q_1\;=\;77.20\;\textrm{m}^3/day$. When the data-applied to the equation for pumping water amount, (equation omitted), the results were $Q_2\;=\;122.39\;\textrm{m}^3/day$ and K = 38m/day $Q_1\;and;Q_2$ (tow types of pumping water amount) represent proper value decrease and maximum value decrease respectively. Therefore, $Q_2$ is the least amount of water we can pump. The area covers about $1,555,000\;\textrm{m}^2$ and the maximum water needed in this area amounts to $155,000\textrm{m}^3$. That means we have to drill 1,406 pumping wells. It is concluded that undertaking the project in this area is irrational or even desperate and surface water should be developed more favorably.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.447-450
• /
• 2021

시뮬레이션을 비롯한 많은 다중 에이전트 환경에서는 중앙 집중 훈련 및 분산 수행(centralized training with decentralized execution; CTDE) 방식이 활용되고 있다. CTDE 방식 하에서 중앙 집중 훈련 및 분산 수행 환경에서의 다중 에이전트 학습을 위한 상태 행동 가치 기반(state-action value; Q-value) 다중 에이전트 알고리즘들에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 이러한 알고리즘들은 Independent Q-learning (IQL)이라는 강력한 벤치 마크 알고리즘에서 파생되어 다중 에이전트의 공동의 상태 행동 가치의 분해(Decomposition) 문제에 대해 집중적으로 연구되었다. 본 논문에서는 앞선 연구들에 관한 알고리즘들에 대한 분석과 실용적이고 일반적인 도메인에서의 실험 분석을 통해 검증한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.629-638
• /
• 2013

The Purpose of this study was to discover type of hope among korean middle-aged adult and to identify the major threads that structure various patterns of hope experienced by them. It is necessary to understand that experiencing hope of middle-aged adult experiencing numerous problems and loss at the transition of life. Q-methodology involves five steps in its approach. Collected Q-statements are 112 from 200 adults through 4 open-ended questions. Among them, 34 statements were decided as a Q-sample, The Q-sorting was carried out in 21 middle-aged adults. Three types of subjective experiences of hope emerged as : (1) Passive Wish Type, (2) Positive Pragmatic Hope Type, (3) Active Internal Value-Oriented Hope Type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.406-411
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we present the area-based Q-learning to search a target object using multiple robot. To search the target in Markovian space, the robots should recognize their surrounding at where they are located and generate some rules to act upon by themselves. Under area-based Q-learning, a robot, first of all, obtains 6-distances from itself to environment by infrared sensor which are hexagonally allocated around itself. Second, it calculates 6-areas with those distances then take an action, i.e., turn and move toward where the widest space will be guaranteed. After the action is taken, the value of Q will be updated by relative formula at the state. We set up an experimental environment with five small mobile robots, obstacles, and a target object, and tried to search for a target object while navigating in a unknown hallway where some obstacles were placed. In the end of this paper, we presents the results of three algorithms - a random search, area-based action making (ABAM), and hexagonal area-based Q-teaming.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.1133-1138
• /
• 2010

In the anti-collision scheme proposed by EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 standard, the frame size for a query round is determined by Q-algorithm. In the Q-algorithm, the reader calculates a frame size without estimating the number of tags in it's identification range. It uses only the slot status. Therefore, Q-algorithm has advantage that the reader's algorithm is simpler than other algorithms. However, it cannot allocate an optimized frame size because it does not consider the number of tags. Also, the conventional Q-algorithm does not define an optimized parameter value C for adjusting the frame size. In this paper, we propose a modified Q-algorithm and evaluate the performance with computer simulations. The proposed Q-algorithm estimates the number of tags at every query round, and determines the parameter value C based on the estimated number of tags.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to establish shelf-life of the chicken product by examining the changes of physico-chemical and microbilogical quality of it during the storage at different temperature and period. Chicken product was stored at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ for 32 days and its shelf-life was proved to by 2 days at $30^{\circ}C$, 4 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ days below $19^{\circ}C$. There was no significant difference in pH and TBA value of the chicken product VBN content and mesophile count were most proper as a quality indicator because they were lower level until 30 days storage. But gas formation rates and sensory evaluation scores were proper as a quality indicator to estimate the shelf-life of the chicken product during the storage at the different temperatures because it was vacuum packaged. Q$_{10}$ value of the chicken product was calculated as 3.99 by examined data of gas formation rates and sensory scores. Estimated shelf-life of chicken product by Q$_{10}$ value was 1 day at $35^{\circ}C$, 4 days at $25^{\circ}C$ 16 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and 64 days at $5^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2020

If normality of an observed data is not a viable assumption, we can carry out normal-theory analyses by suitable transforming data. Power transformation by Box and Cox, one of the transformation methods, is derived the power which maximized the likelihood function. But it doesn't induces the closed form in mathematical analysis. In this paper, we compose some R the syntax of which is easier than other statistical packages for deriving the power with using numerical methods. Also, by using R, we show the transformed data approximately distributed the normal through Q-Q plot in univariate and bivariate cases with some examples. Finally, we present the value of a goodness-of-fit statistic(AD) and its p-value for normal distribution. In the similar procedure, this method can be extended to more than bivariate case.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2001

In order to assess the atmospheric dispersion for the accidental releases of nuclear power plants, in calculating X/Q values in the XOQAR and PAVAN codes which are based on Reg. Guide 1.145, the X/Q and frequency values are plotted on log-normal paper. Starting with the highest X/Q value of this plot, the codes compare the slope of the line drawn from this point to every other point within an increment containing ten X/Q values. If there are fewer than ten values, only the number available are used. The coefficients that produce the line with the least negative slope are saved. The end point of this line is used as the next starting point, from which slopes to the points within the next increment, containing ten X/Q values, are compared. The X/Q values corresponding to the cumulative frequency values 0.5%, 5% or 50% are calculated to search for the $0{\sim}2$ hour X/Q value that tends to be a very conservative value. In this work, a fuzzy logic inference method is used for nonlinear interpolation of the X/Q values versus the cumulative frequency. The fuzzy logic inference method is known to be a food technique for nonlinear interpolation. The proposed method was applied to a potential accidential radioactive release of the Yonggwang nuclear power plant, which gives more realistic X/Q values.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2020

Patents are widely used in the literature as a measure of firm-level innovation. It is regarded that patents improve a firm's operational environment and ultimately increase the value of the firm. However, the relationship between patents and firm value in Korea is under-explored in the literature due to the difficulty of constructing datasets. This paper examines whether patents in Korea increase the market value of a firm. To do this, I exploit novel data on firm-level patents and financial information of all listed Korean companies during the period of 1993-2015 and estimate the non-linear production-function type of Tobin's q equations on R&D, patents, and citations. Surprisingly, I find that patents and citations are weakly associated with firm value, while R&D is strongly associated with an increase in firm value. These results direct imply that policymakers in Korea should enhance patenting incentives to encourage firms to innovate.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.7-39
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find trend & paradigm of national image ; to review process to be global corporate ; to evaluate brand value of SAMSUNG. Researcher made a study with SWOT analysis and depth survey interview about Interaction and influence between national image and global corporate. The result reveal five type that divided '1 ; Nation-Leading Type(n=10)', '2 ; International Superiority Type(n=6)', '3 ; Typical Influence Type(n=4)'. It found that is very different type. In conclusion, it was ascertained a proposition about 'growth of global corporate is in accord with development of brand value in Korea' through this study. Above all, in this article, the result of this works was provide a momentum ; it is the diverse effects to the global corporate inside and outside of the country.