• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2010

CoQ with low melting temperature was exploited to improve its solubility by preparing its solid dispersions (SDs) with a meltable polymer, poloxamer 407 (P 407). P407 can be utilized for a relatively simple, quick, inexpensive, reproducible and potentially scalable manner in the low temperature melting method. CoQ 10 solubility and dissolution increased with increasing concentrations of P 407 in SDs. Comparison of the enhanced dissolution of CoQ 10 from different poloxamers suggested that the preparation of CoQ 10 SDs using P 407 as a meltable hydrophilic polymer carrier could be a promising approach to improve its dissolution.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.1159-1173
• /
• 2009

This paper deals with the critical blow-up and extinction exponents for the non-Newton polytropic filtration equation. We reveals a fact that the equation admits two critical exponents $q_1,\;q_2\;{\in}\;(0,+{\infty})$) with $q_1\;{<}\;q_2$. In other words, when q belongs to different intervals (0, $q_1),\;(q_1,\;q_2),\;(q_2,+{\infty}$), the solution possesses complete different properties. More precisely speaking, as far as the blow-up exponent is concerned, the global existence case consists of the interval (0, $q_2$]. However, when q ${\in}\;(q_2,+{\infty}$), there exist both global solutions and blow-up solutions. As for the extinction exponent, the extinction case happens to the interval ($q_1,+{\infty}$), while for q ${\in}\;(0,\;q_1$), there exists a non-extinction bounded solution for any nonnegative initial datum. Moreover, when the critical case q = $q_1$ is concerned, the other parameter ${\lambda}$ will play an important role. In other words, when $\lambda$ belongs to different interval (0, ${\lambda}_1$) or (${\lambda}_1$,+${\infty}$), where ${\lambda}_1$ is the first eigenvalue of p-Laplacian equation with zero boundary value condition, the solution has completely different properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.429-441
• /
• 2020

Let M(X, Y) denote the space of multipliers from X to Y, where X and Y are analytic function spaces. As we known, for Dirichlet-type spaces 𝓓_α^p, M(𝓓_p-1^p, 𝓓_q-1^q) = {0}, if p ≠ q, 0 < p, q < ∞. If 0 < p, q < ∞, p ≠ q, 0 < s < 1 such that p + s, q + s > 1, then M(𝓓_p-2+s^p, 𝓓_q-2+s^q) = {0}. However, X ∩ 𝓓_p-1^p ⊆ X ∩ 𝓓_q-1^q and X ∩ 𝓓_p-2+s^p ⊆ X ∩ 𝓓_q-2+s^p whenever X is a subspace of the Bloch space 𝓑 and 0 < p ≤ q < ∞. This says that the set of multipliers M(X ∩ 𝓓 _p-2+s^p, X∩𝓓_q-2+s^q) is nontrivial. In this paper, we study the multipliers M(X ∩ 𝓓_p-2+s^p, X ∩ 𝓓_q-2+s^q) for distinct classical subspaces X of the Bloch space 𝓑, where X = 𝓑, BMOA or 𝓗^∞.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.731-736
• /
• 2017

It is well-known that there exists a constant-weight $[s{\theta}_{k-1},k,sq^{k-1}]_q$ code for any positive integer s, which is an s-fold simplex code, where ${\theta}_j=(q^{j+1}-1)/(q-1)$. This gives an upper bound $n_q(k,sq^{k-1}+d){\leq}s{\theta}_{k-1}+n_q(k,d)$ for any positive integer d, where $n_q(k,d)$ is the minimum length n for which an $[n,k,d]_q$ code exists. We construct a two-weight $[s{\theta}_{k-1}+1,k,sq^{k-1}]_q$ code for $1{\leq}s{\leq}k-3$, which gives a better upper bound $n_q(k,sq^{k-1}+d){\leq}s{\theta}_{k-1}+1+n_q(k-1,d)$ for $1{\leq}d{\leq}q^s$. As another application, we prove that $n_q(5,d)={\sum_{i=0}^{4}}{\lceil}d/q^i{\rceil}$ for $q^4+1{\leq}d{\leq}q^4+q$ for any prime power q.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2013

A theoretical analysis of the impact of rise time of a Q-switch on the output pulse performance is carried out in an Ytterbium-doped actively Q-switched fiber laser. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to numerically simulate the Q-switched fiber laser. It is shown that stable Gaussian-like pulse shape can be generated when the Q-switch rise time is increased and pulse repetition rate is enlarged.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.991-997
• /
• 2020

Reinforcement learning has been applied mainly in sequential decision-making problems. Especially in recent years, reinforcement learning combined with neural networks has brought successful results in previously unsolved fields. However, reinforcement learning using deep neural networks has the disadvantage that it is too complex for immediate use in the field. In this paper, we implemented path planning algorithm for mobile robots using Q-learning, one of the easy-to-learn reinforcement learning algorithms. We used real-time Q-learning to update the Q-table in real-time since the Q-learning method of generating Q-tables in advance has obvious limitations. By adjusting the exploration strategy, we were able to obtain the learning speed required for real-time Q-learning. Finally, we compared the performance of real-time Q-learning and DQN.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.1.1-1.7
• /
• 2014

Objectives The present subacute study was designed to evaluate the effect of coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) in the 28 days aroclor 1254 exposure induced oxidative stress in mice brain. Methods Biochemical estimations of brain lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), and histopathological investigations of brain tissue were carried out. Results Oral exposure of aroclor 1254 (5 mg/kg) led to significant decrease in levels of GSH, and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and AChE, and increase in LPO. These aberrations were restored by CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection [IP]). This protection offered was comparable to that of L-deprenyl (1 mg/kg, IP) which served as a reference standard. Conclusions Aroclor 1254 exposure hampers the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and induces oxidative stress in the brains of Swiss albino mice. Supplementation of CoQ10 abrogates these deleterious effects of aroclor 1254. CoQ10 also apparently enhanced acetyl cholinesterase activity which reflects its influence on the cholinergic system.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.645-648
• /
• 2005

Let K be a Galois extension of a field F with G = Gal(K/F). Let L be an extension of F such that $K\;{\otimes}_F\;L\;=\; N_1\;{\oplus}N_2\;{\oplus}{\cdots}{\oplus}N_k$ with corresponding primitive idempotents $e_1,\;e_2,{\cdots},e_k$, where Ni's are fields. Then G acts on $\{e_1,\;e_2,{\cdots},e_k\}$ transitively and $Gal(N_1/K)\;{\cong}\;\{\sigma\;{\in}\;G\;/\;{\sigma}(e_1)\;=\;e_1\}$. And, let R be a commutative F-algebra, and let P be a prime ideal of R. Let T = $K\;{\otimes}_F\;R$, and suppose there are only finitely many prime ideals $Q_1,\;Q_2,{\cdots},Q_k$ of T with $Q_i\;{\cap}\;R\;=\;P$. Then G acts transitively on $\{Q_1,\;Q_2,{\cdots},Q_k\},\;and\;Gal(qf(T/Q_1)/qf(R/P))\;{\cong}\;\{\sigma{\in}\;G/\;{\sigma}-(Q_1)\;=\;Q_1\}$ where qf($T/Q_1$) is the quotient field of $T/Q_1$.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.429-460
• /
• 2018

Let us consider that ${\mathbb{K}}$ be a complete ultrametric algebraically closed field and ${\mathcal{A}}({\mathbb{K}})$ be the ${\mathbb{K}}-algebra$ of entire functions on ${\mathbb{K}}$. In this paper we introduce the notions of (p, q)-th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type of p adic entire functions where p and q are any two positive integers and then study some growth properties of composite p adic entire functions in the light of their (p, q)-th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type. After that we show that (p, q) th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type are remain unchanged for derivatives under some certain conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.411-421
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we investigate the problem of transcendental entire functions that share two values with one of their derivative. Let f be a transcendental entire function, n and k be two positive integers. If $f^n-Q_1$ and $(f^n)^{(k)}-Q_2$ share 0 CM, and $n{\geq}k+1$, then $(f^n)^{(k)}{\equiv}{\frac{Q_2}{Q_1}}f^n$. Furthermore, if $Q_1=Q_2$, then $f=ce^{\frac{\lambda}{n}z}$, where $Q_1$, $Q_2$ are polynomials with $Q_1Q_2{\not\equiv}0$, and c, ${\lambda}$ are non-zero constants such that ${\lambda}^k=1$. This result shows that the Conjecture given by W. $L{\ddot{u}}$, Q. Li and C. Yang [On the transcendental entire solutions of a class of differential equations, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 51 (2014), no. 5, 1281-1289.] is true. Also we exhibit some examples to show that the conditions of our result are the best possible.