• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.597-601
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• 2001

The effect of CuO, $B_2$ $O_3$, $V_2$ $O_{5}$ and CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$additives on microwave dielectric properties of (P $b_{0.45}$C $a_{0.55}$) [(F $e_{0.5}$N $b_{0.5}$)$_{0.9}$S $n_{0.1}$] $O_3$(PCFNS) were investigated. The PCFNS ceramics were sintered at 11$65^{\circ}C$. To decrease the sintering temperature for using as a low-temperature co-firing ceramics (LTCC), CuO, $B_2$ $O_3$, $V_2$ $O_{5}$ and CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$were added to the PCFNS. As the content of CuO increased, the sintered density and dielectric constant increased and the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency ($\tau$$_{f}$) shifted to the positive value. When the CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$were added, dielectric properties were $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ of 83, Q. $f_{0}$ of 6085 GHz, and $\tau$$_{f}$ of 8ppm/$^{\circ}C$ at a sintering temperature of 100$0^{\circ}C$. The relationship between the microstructure and properties of ceramics was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.icroscopy.y.icroscopy.y.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1327-1333
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• 2007

Lactose synthase catalyses the formation of lactose which is the major osmole of bovine milk and regulates the milk volume. Alpha-lactalbumin (${\alpha}$-LA) is involved in the synthesis of lactose synthase in the mammary gland. Therefore ${\alpha}$-LA is regarded as a plausible candidate gene for the milk yield trait. To determine whether ${\alpha}$-LA is associated with milk performance traits, 1,028 Chinese Holstein cows were used to detect polymorphisms in the ${\alpha}$-LA by means of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Two nucleotide transitions were identified in the 5'flanking region and intron 3 of ${\alpha}$-LA. Associations of such polymorphisms with five milk performance traits were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. No significant associations were observed between these polymorphisms and the five milk performance traits (p>0.05). RH mapping placed ${\alpha}$-LA on BTA5q21, linked most closely to markers U63110, CC537786 and L10347 (LOD>8.3), which is far distant from the region of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on bovine chromosome 5 for variation in the milk yield trait. In summary, based on our findings, we eliminated these SNPs from having an effect on milk performance traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2013

The effects of dietary supplementation of selenium (Se), iodine (I), and a combination of both on the blood haematology, serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) hormones and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity were examined on twenty four (7 to 8 months old, $22{\pm}1.17$ kg live weight) Kacang crossbred male goats. Animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (6 animals in each group). Throughout 100 d of feeding trial, the animals of control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the other three groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg diet DM Se (SS), or 0.6 mg/kg diet DM I (PI), or a combination of both Se and I, each at 0.6 mg/kg diet DM (SSPI). The haematological attributes which are haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), band neutrophils (B Neut), segmented neutrophils (S Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eosin) and basophils (Baso) were similar among the four treatment groups, while serum levels of Se and I increased significantly (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The combined dietary supplementation of Se and I (SSPI) significantly increased serum FT3 in the supplemented animals. Serum GSH-Px activity increased significantly in the animals of SS and SSPI groups. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of inorganic Se and I at a level of 0.6 mg/kg DM increased serum Se and I concentration, FT3 hormone and GSH-Px activity of Kacang crossbred male goats.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

Drug delivery in human upper airway was studied by the numerical simulation of oral airflow. We created an anatomically accurate upper airway model from CT scan data by using a medical image processing software (Mimics). The upper airway was composed of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and second generations of branches. Thin sliced CT data and meticulous refinement of model surface under the ENT doctor's advice provided more sophisticated nasal cavity models. With this 3D upper airway models, numerical simulation was conducted by ANSYS/FLUENT. The steady inspiratory airflows in that model was solved numerically for the case of flow rate of 250 mL/s with drug-laden spray(Q= 20, 40, 60 mL/s). Optimal parameters for mechanical drug aerosol targeting of predetermined areas was to be computed, for a given representative upper airways. From numerical flow visualization results, as flow-rate of drug-laden spray increases, the drag spray residue in oral cavity was increased and the distribution of drug spray in trachea and branches became more homogeneous.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

Expression of the genes for carotenoid bio-synthesis (crt) is dependent on light, but little is known about the underlying mechanism of light sensing and signalling in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter, Synechocystis). In the present study, we investigated the light-induced increase in the transcript levels of Synechocystis crt genes, including phytoene synthase (crtB), phytoene desaturase (crtP), ${\zeta}$-carotene desaturase (crtQ), and ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase (crtR), during a darkto-light transition period. During the dark-to-light shift, the increase in the crt transcript levels was not affected by mutations in cyanobacterial photoreceptors, such as phytochromes (cph1, cph2 and cph3) and a cryptochrome-type photoreceptor (ccry), or respiratory electron transport components NDH and Cyd/CtaI. However, treatment with photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors significantly diminished the accumulation of crt gene transcripts. Therefore, the light induction of the Synechocystis crt gene expression is most likely mediated by photosynthetic electron transport rather than by cyanobacterial photoreceptors during the dark-to-light transition.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 1999

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine, by reviewing the literature, whether treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia affects symptoms. Methods: We retrieved the literature using MEDLINE search, with nonulcer dyspepsia and Hericobacter pylori and treatment as key words, which were reported from 1984 to 1998, and manual literature search. The criteria for inclusion was as follows; 1) The paper should have confirmed nonulcer dyspepsia as case definition. 2) The paper should have peformed a randomized, blind trial. 3) Confirmation of Helicobacter pylori eradication should be done 4 weeks after treatment. 4) studies with no information on measurement of symptoms after treatment were not accepted. The percentage of patients with symptom improvement after eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection was calculated. Cumulative odds ratio was compared by fixed effect model and random effect model as sensitivity and funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: The overall effect size of symptom improvement was calculated by cumulative odds ratio. Cumulative odds ratio of random effect model was 4.16(95% CI: 1.55-11.19). Before integrating each effect sizes into common effect size, the homogeneity test was conducted and random effect model was selected(Cochran's Q=41.08 (d.f=10, p<0.001)). The heterogeneity across studies was evaluated and the different methodological aspects of studies led to differences between study results Conclusions: The results suggest that the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia results more symptom improvement. In studios that shows the opposite results there are methodological aspects explaining the heterogeneity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2004-2008
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• 2009

최근 하천오염에 대한 중요성이 크게 대두되고 있으며, 하천 오염을 방지하기 위한 다양한 방법이 강구되고 있다. 이러한 하천 오염방지를 위한 노력의 일환으로 4대강 수계에 대한 수질오염총량제를 실시하고 있다. 수질오염초량제에 있어 중요한 것은 현재 하천의 상태 및 장래 하천의 상황 즉, 수질 상태를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 이러한 현재 및 미래의 하천 수질 상태를 파악하기 위해 수질 모델링이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수질오염총량제를 시행하고 있는 탐진강유역을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 대상 하천수질을 모의하기 위한 모형 중에 가장 보편적이고 광범위하게 사용하고 있는 US EPA에서 개발한 Water Quality model 중에 Qual2E 모형의 단점을 보완하여 개발된 Excel기반의 후속모델 Qual2K를 이용하였다. 모형의 적용은 탐진강 유역을 두 개의 단위유역으로 나누어 한 개의 단위유역을 1개의 Reach로 설정하여 총 2개의 Reach를 형성하였다. 탐진호를 Head water로 설정하고 본류23km를 중심으로 유입되는 지천을 소구역의 점 오염원으로 간주하여 적용하였다. 모형의 반응계수는 실측자료를 사용하여 시행착오법에 의해 검토..보정하였으며, 수리입력계수의 산정은 HEC-RAS모형을 사용하여 수심-유량계수와 유속-유량계수를 산정하였다. 수질모의 항목은 실측자료 2007년 배출부하량을 바탕으로 하여, 수질오염총량제의 수질관리 기준인 BOD와 부영양화 물질 T-P로 정하였다. 검정자료와 보정자료는 2007년 수질관측소의 실측자료를 사용하였다. 유량조건은 하천수질환경기준의 설정근거인 저수량(Q275)을 기준으로 탐진강 유역의 수질을 모의 하였다. 그 결과 Qual2K를 이용해 탐진강 수질 모의 결과 검 보정에서 양호한 결과를 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

This paper introduce to improve the reliability of the expected service life and the insulation condition evaluation of the high voltage induction motors by assessing, comparing and analyzing the correlation between the dielectric properties of the off-line insulation diagnostic test and dielectric strength on the insulation breakdown test. The insulation diagnostic tests include insulation resistance, polarization index(P.I.), dissipation factor($tan{\delta}$), maximum partial discharges($Q_{max}$) and AC breakdown test. This study evaluated the correlation between insulation diagnostic test and AC breakdown test for stator winding of high voltage induction motor. On the basis of these test results, we expect that this study can be used for effectively assessing the results of insulation diagnostic tests for similar class induction motors in service at industrial field.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.203-226
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• 2000

본 연구는 주가지수 선물시장이 도입된 1996년 5월 3일부터 1998년 12월 5일까지 1분 간격 KOSPI 200 선물가격과 현물가격의 거래자료를 이용하여 각 선물가격과 기초자산가격간의 관계와 상호작용을 검토하는데 있다. 특히 본 연구는 차익거래자나 초단기 투기자(scalper)들이 거래체결을 위해 촌각을 다투는 선물시장의 거래행태에서 볼 때, 경제적 의미를 부여할 수 있는 1분 간격 수익률 자료를 이용함으로써 시장참여자의 실제 거래에서 표출되는 정형화된 현상을 정확히 파악한다는 점에서 중요하다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주가지수 선물시장과 현물시장간에 체계적이고 긴 선도-지연 관계가 발견되었다. 주가지수 선물가격의 변화가 현물가격의 변화를 대략 26분 정도 선도하고 있으며, 대략 5분 정도 현물시장의 선도효과도 발견된다. 따라서 KOSPI 200 선물수익률과 현물수익률간의 선도-지연 관계는 한 시장에서 다른 시장으로의 일방적인 것이 아니라 시장간의 피드백(feedback)효과가 존재하며, 선물의 선도효과가 지배적인 것으로 보인다. 이러한 선도-지연 현상은 노이즈에 의한 비동시거래보다는 거래비용과 공매제약 차이 등 각 시장의 제도적 차이에 의해 발생하는 것으로 보여진다. 둘째, 약세시장 하에서 선물의 선도효과가 더욱 크게 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 약세시장 하에서 현물시장의 공매제약이 선물가격과 현물가격간의 괴리를 더욱 크게 하여 선물가격이 현물지수를 더욱 선도하게 하는 요인이 될 수도 있음을 나타내는 것이다. 셋째, 만기별 하위기간 중 97년 6월과 97년 12월을 제외한 기간은 선물과 현물가격간에 장기 안정적인 균형관계가 성립함을 발견하였다. 넷째, ARMA(p, q) 여과를 거친 선물과 현물수익률을 이용하여 97년 6월과 12월은 백터자기회귀(VAR)모형, 그 외의 기간은 오차수정(EC)모형으로 추정하였다. 표본전체기간동안 장기균형오차에 대한 조정은 선물과 현물시장에서 동시에 이루어지고 있으며, 시장간에 발생하는 불균형 상황은 아비트라지 거래로 조정되고 있음이 발견되었다. 각 만기별 모든 하위기간에 있어서는 시장간의 장기 불균형 상황이 현물시장을 통해서 조정되고 있으며, 시장이 성숙된 최근의 만기 98년 12월 하위기간에서는 선물의 15분 선도효과와 현물의 1분 선도효과가 발견되어 선물의 선도효과가 지배적임을 발견하였다.