• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.341-344
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• 2004

The superconducting properties of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ with different content impurities of PbO and $BaPbO_3$ were studied. When the PbO was used as an additive in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$, although the melting point could be reduced, the superconductivity became poor. From the XRD pattern of the sintered mixture of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and PbO it was known that there is a reaction between $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and PbO, and the product is $BaPbO_3$. In the process of the reaction the superconducting phase of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ was decreased and $BaPbO_3$ would be the main phase in the sample. Therefore, $BaPbO_3$ was chosen as the impurity additive for the comparative study. The single phase of $BaPbO_3$ was synthesized by the simple way from both mixtures of $BaCO_3$ and PbO, $BaCO_3$ and $PbO_2$. Different contents of $BaPbO_3$ (10%, 20%, 30%) were added in the $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$. By the Phase analysis in the XRD patterns it was proved that there was no reaction between $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and $BaPbO_3$. When $BaPbO_3$ was used as impurity in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ the superconductivity was much better than PbO as an impurity additive in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

In this exploration, the nuclear magnetic resonance of the $^{207}Pb$ nucleus in $PbWO_4:Mn^{2+}$ and $PbWO_4:Dy^{3+}$ Single Crystals using FT-NMR spectrometer is investigated. The line width of the resonance line for the $^{207}Pb$ nucleus decreases as temperature increases due to motional narrowing. The chemical shift of $^{207}Pb$ NMR spectra also increases as temperature decreases for both crystals. The spinlattice relaxation times $T_1$ of $^{39}K$ nucleus were calculated as a function of temperature (180 K~400 K). The $T_1$ of $^{207}Pb$ nucleus decreases as temperature increases. The dominant relaxation mechanism at the studied temperature range can be deduced as the Raman process, which is the coupling between lattice vibrations and the nuclear spins. This deduction is substantiated by the fact that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ of the $^{207}Pb$ nucleus in $PbWO_4:Mn^{2+}$ and $PbWO_4:Dy^{3+}$ single crystal is proportional to $T^2$, or temperature squared. The activation energies for the $^{207}Pb$ nucleus in $PbWO_4:Mn^{2+}$ and $PbWO_4:Dy^{3+}$ single crystals are $E_a=49{\pm}1meV$ and $E_a=47{\pm}2meV$, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To determine Pb species in soils following the immobilization process, sequential extraction has been used despite the possibility of overestimating Pb species from unintended reactions during chemical extraction. Meanwhile, the application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been shown to provide a more precise result than chemical extraction. In this study, the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soils treated with liming materials such as oyster shell (OS) or eggshell (ES) was evaluated with thermodynamic modelling and EXAFS analysis. Thermodynamic modelling by visual MINTEQ predicted the precipitation of $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS and ES treated soils. In particular, the values of saturation index (SI) for $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS (SI=0.286) and ES (SI=0.453) treated soils were greater than in the control soil (SI=0.281). Linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis confirmed the presence of $C_{12}H_{10}O_{14}Pb_3$ (lead citrate, 44.7%) by citric acid from plant root, Pb-gibbsite (Pb adsorbed gibbsite, 26.4%), and Pb-kaolinite (Pb adsorbed kaolinite, 20.3%) in the control soil. On the other hand, $Pb(OH)_2$ (16.8%), Pb-gibbsite (39.3%), and Pb-kaolinite (25.6%) were observed in the OS treated soil and $Pb(OH)_2$ (55.2%) and Pb-gibbsite (33.8%) were also confirmed in the ES treated soil. Our results indicate that the treatment with OS and ES immobilizes Pb by adsorption of Pb onto the soil minerals as a result of the increase in soil negative charge and the formation of stable $Pb(OH)_2$ under high pH condition of soils.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 1996

We examined the formal oxidation states of Pb and Cu in the Pb2CuO4 slab of Pb2Sr2ACu3O8(A=Y1-xCaxor Nd1-xSrx) and their possible changes by oxygen incorporation in the Cu layer of the slab by performing tight-binding band electronic structure calculations on the Pb2CuO4+δ slab. Our results show that the most likely oxidation state of Pb is +2 and that of Cu is +1 for the Pb2CuO4 slab prior to oxidation. With small δ values, the oxygen incorporation occurs by the formation of such chain fragments as in YBa2Cu3O7-y along the a+b axis. The four-coordinate Cu atoms in the chain fragments are in the +3 oxidation states. For values of δ larger than 0.5, however, an additional oxygen (Oad) goes to the site along the b axis to form short Pb-Oad distances oxidizing Pb2+ to Pb4+. This change in the Pb oxidation state leads to the suppression of superconductivity due to the decrease of holes in the CuO2 layer.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2001

Pb(In$_{1}$2/Nb$_{1}$2/)O$_3$의 제조시 전구체로서 tetragonal pyrochlore(Pb$_3$Nb$_2$O$_{8}$)를 사용하였을 때, 페로브스카이트상의 상합성을 촉진시키고 유전특성을 향상시키기 위해 A(B$_1$,B$_2$) 구조에서 A자리에 해당하는 PbO와 B$_1$자리에 해당하는 In$_2$O$_3$를 각각 과량으로 첨가하여 900-110$0^{\circ}C$의 소결온도범위에서 상합성, 소결특성, 유전특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 과량으로 첨가된 PbO는 상합성 및 소결특성을 향상시킬 수 있어서 유전특성을 향상시킬 수 있었으나 과량으로 첨가된 In$_2$O$_3$에서는 그러한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 이러한 원인은 Pb$_3$Nb$_2$O$_{8}$을 전구체로 사용할 경우, PbO 공융액상이 페로브스카이트상 형성 직전까지 남아 있어서 활발한 PbO 휘발이 일어나는데, 과량으로 첨가된 PbO가 이를 효과적으로 보상하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

Multilayer ceramic capacitors(MLCC) were prepared by laminating the layer of composition with dif-ferent Curie temperature to improve temperature coefficient in the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 binary system. Green sheet was formed by tape casting using Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 and PbTiO3 synthesized with solid state reaction of PBO. Nb2O5 MgO and TiO2. Green sheet with electrode of 70Ag-30Pd was laminated under 300 kg/cm2 at 70$^{\circ}C$ and sintered at 1100$^{\circ}C$ for 2hr. Curie temperatues for MLCC with 10 layers of pure PMN and 0.9PMN-0.1PT were lowered to -22$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$ respectively. MLCC with 7 layers of PMN and 3 layers of 0.9PMN-0.1PT showed nearly zero temperature coefficient of capacitance in the range of -20∼30$^{\circ}C$ and sum of dissipation factor of each layer.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.569-576
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• 1997

Electrically-induced strain and polarization studies of the (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3 crystalline solutions have been done. Dielectric constants with temperature were investigated for 0$\leq$x$\leq$0.95. With increasing PbZrO3 content the transition maxima were found to move to higher temperature region and DPT (Diffused Phase Transition) properties were decreased for x$\leq$0.60. Phase transition between ferroelectric states and antiferroelectric states was confirmed for 0.93$\times$10-3 for 0.4

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-76
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• 1989

x Pb($Sb_{1/2}Sn_{1/2}O_3-PbTiO_3-PbZrO_30.05{\leq}x{\leq}0.25$) ternary compound ceramics were fabricated by the mixed oxide method. The sintering temperature and time were 1200-1270[$^{\circ}C$], 2 hour, respectively. Increasing the PSS contents, the transition temperatures were decreased. The relative dielectric constant and Curie temperature of the 0.25 PSS-0.25 PT-0.5 PZ specimens were 450, 220[$^{\circ}C$]. The Pyroelectric coefficient of the 0.25PSS-0.25PT-0.50 PZ specimen was $5.20{\times}10^4$[C$\textrm{cm}^2$K].

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 1996

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.13-16
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• 1994

In this paper, xPb(Zn$_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}$)$O_3$-yPbTiO$_3$-zPbZrO$_3$-(0.5wt%)MnO$_2$ ceramics were fabricated by the mixed oxide method sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2[hr] and then the deielectric, electromechanical coupling factor($K_{p}$ and mechanical coupling factor(Qm) properties were investigated. In 0.1PZN-0.45PT-0.45PZsample, dielectric properties and electromechanical coupling factor were 829 and 29%. In the case of 0.5PZN-0.45PT-0.50PZ sample, that was 101 according to mechanical quality facotr. molphotropic phase boundary(MPB) certained area which $PbTiO_3$addition quatity 40∼50[㏖%].