• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2017

Objectives: Most of the $PM_{10}$ in subway stations is spread by the train-induced wind from the tunnels. Therefore, in order to improve air quality in subway stations, it is important to remove the $PM_{10}$ from the tunnels. After the installation of PSD (platform screen doors), the influence of train-induced wind and $PM_{10}$ at the platform has decreased, but is estimated to have increased in subway tunnels. This study was conducted to investigate the control of $PM_{10}$ in subway tunnels by applying a 500-fold diluted solution mixed with a humectant using a natural polymer. Methods: For this purpose, we tested the dust reduction effect in a laboratory and corrosion test and water pollution using fish and aquatic plants for the natural dust collecting agent. In the tunnel of a subway station, we used the natural dust collecting agent over 15 days. The study was carried out on $PM_{10}$ control during operation, which accounts for more than 70% of subway dust. Results: As results, the natural dust collecting agent exhibited an excellent dust control effect, and it was safe for water quality and soil. It showed the effect of controlling $PM_{10}$ in the subway tunnel by 49.5- 64.7% over 15 days. The use of the dust collecting agent for the control of $PM_{10}$ could be confirmed in the subway. Conclusion: It is necessary to clearly explain the major portions of chemical components contained in $PM_{10}$ to figure out the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and to develop effective reduction measures to decrease the adverse effects of $PM_{10}$ in the subway.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

The anthropogenic aerosols originated from the pollutant emissions in the eastern part of China and dust emitted in northwestern China in Yellow sand regions are subsequently transported via eastward wind to the Korean peninsula and then these aerosols induce high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korean peninsula. In order to estimate air quality considering anthropogenic and dust emissions, Comprehensive Air-quality Model with extension (CAMx) was applied to simulate $PM_{10}$ concentration. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without/with dust emissions were compared with observations at ambient air quality monitoring sites in China and Korea for 2008. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emissions could depict the variation of measured $PM_{10}$ especially during Yellow sand events in Korea. The comparisons also showed that predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without dust emissions were under-predicted while predictions of $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emission were in good agreement with observations. This implied that dust emissions from desert and barren soil in southern Mongolia and northern China minimized the discrepancies in the $PM_{10}$ predictions in East Asia. The effect of dust emission on annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korea Peninsula for year 2008 was $5{\sim}10{\mu}g/m^3$, which were about 20% of observed annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1977

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of the insulin and the C-peptide rseponse to oral glucose loads in normal and diabetic subjects and to establish the effects of the obesity. In this study, the authors have measured plasma insulin and C-peptide by means of radioimmunoassay in 10 nonobese normal, 5 obese normal, 13 nonobese moderate diabetic patients, 9 obese moderate diabetic patients and 9 severe diabetic patients. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In 10 nonobese normal subjects, the plasma insulin level at fasting state and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after oral glucose loads were $15.7{\pm}3.4,\;48.3{\pm}9.8,\;40.4{\pm}6.7,\;37.4{\pm}6.5\;and\;26.0{\pm}4.2uU/ml(Mean{\pm}S.E.)$ and C-peptide were $1.9{\pm}0.3,\;3.9{\pm}0.6,\;6.3{\pm}0.6,\;5.7{\pm}0.5\;and\;4.0{\pm}0.5ng/ml$. The change of C-peptide was found to go almost parallel with that of insulin and the insulin value reaches to the highest level at 30 min whereas C-peptide reaches to its peak at 60min. 2. The plasma insulin level in 5 obese normal subjects were $38.9{\pm}12.3,\;59.5{\pm}12.3,\;59.2{\pm}17.1,\;56.1{\pm}20.0\;and\;48.4{\pm}17.2uU/ml$ and the C-peptide were $5.5{\pm}0.4,\;6.8{\pm}0.5,\;7.9{\pm}0.8,\;7.9{\pm}0.8\;and\;7.8{\pm}2.0ng/ml$. The insulin response appeared to be greater than nonobese normal subjects. 3. In 13 nonobese moderate diabetic patients, the plasma insulin levels were $27.1{\pm}4.9,\;44.1{\pm}6.0,\;37.3{\pm}6.6,\;35.5{\pm}8.1\;and\;34.7{\pm}10.7uU/ml$ and the C-peptide levels were $2.7{\pm}0.4,\;4.9{\pm}0.7,\;6.5{\pm}0.5,\;7.0{\pm}0.3\;and\;6.7{\pm}1.0ng/ml$. There was little significance compared to nonobese normal groups but delayed pattern is noted. 4. In 9 obese moderated diabetic patients, the plasma insulin levels were $22.1{\pm}7.9,\;80.0{\pm}19.3,\;108.0{\pm}27.0,\;62.0{\pm}17.6\;and\;55.5{\pm}10.1uU/ml$ and the C-peptide levels were $5.2{\pm}0.4,\;8.0{\pm}1.0,\;10.4{\pm}1.6,\;10.4{\pm}1.7\;and\;10.1{\pm}1.0ng/ml$ and its response was also greater than that of nonobese moderate diabetic patients. 5. The plasma insulin concentrations in 9 severe diabetic subjects were $8.0{\pm}3.8,\;12.1{\pm}3.5,\;16.8{\pm}4.6,\;19.6{\pm}5.2\;and\;15.0{\pm}5.0uU/ml$ and the C-peptide levels were $1.6{\pm}0.3,\;2.4{\pm}0.4,\;4.1{\pm}0.6,\;4.0{\pm}0.8\;and\;4.5{\pm}0.7ng/ml$ and the insulin and C-peptide responses were markedly reduced in severe diabetic groups. 6. There were-significant differences between each groups of patients on the magnitude of total insulin or C-peptide areas, the insulinogenic index and the C-peptide index.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2019

PM₁₀ 농도는 시간 및 공간 의존성을 동시에 가지는 시공간 데이터이지만 현실적으로 연속적인 시공간 데이터를 획득하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상과 대기질 및 기상 관측 센서 데이터를 복합적인 딥러닝 모델에 적용하여 시공간 해상도를 향상시키는 모델을 설계하였다. 설계된 딥러닝 모델은 기상, 토지 이용 등 PM₁₀ 농도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자를 이용하여 학습하였으며, 대기질 및 기상 관측 데이터만을 이용하여 15분 단위의 30m×30m의 공간해상도를 PM₁₀ 영상을 생성하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2016

Pohang is a well-known industrial city in Korea with a large steel-industrial complexes. The biggest environmental issue in the city is associated with fine particulate matter (hereinafter, $PM_{10}$). The concentration of $PM_{10}$ is generally dependent on the local emission sources and meteorological conditions. Iron and steel industrial complexes are likely serious pollution sources of $PM_{10}$ in Pohang. In this study, daily $PM_{10}$ data from a large database from the year of 2000 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, together with meteorological data. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were evaluated according to the frequency of Asian dust, haze, mist, and fog. The number of days exceeding short-term standard for $PM_{10}$ were also examined, taking into consideration of weather conditions. It was found that the concentration of $PM_{10}$ was reduced about 18% to 26% because of precipitation. In addition, the effects of wind direction and wind speed on the $PM_{10}$ concentrations were investigated.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2003

Hourly PM$_{10}$ concentrations measured at 11 sites in Seoul and 10 sites in the large cities over South Korea for the period from March 1995 to February 2000 are analyzed to examine annual trend and monthly variations of the PM$_{10}$ concentrations. Further analysis has been carried out by using the one year data from March 1999 to February 2000 to see the seasonal variation, diurnal variation and weekly variation of the seasonally averaged PM$_{10}$ concentrations at each site. Weekly variations of the CO concentrations at the same sites for the same one year period are compared with that of the PM$_{10}$ concentration. There is no significant annual trend in the variation of the PM$_{10}$ concentration at all the sites analyzed. The seasonal and monthly mean concentrations show a minimum concentration in summer and alternative maximum concentration in spring and winter for most sites. The diurnal variation of the seasonally averaged mean PM$_{10}$ concentrations is strongly affected by traffic loads and meteorological conditions. The weekly variation of seasonal averaged concentrations of CO and PM$_{10}$ shows a high concentration for weekdays in spring, autumn and winter while high concentration for weekends in summer.nds in summer.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1069-1079
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• 2019

In this study, we developed a $PM_{10}$ forecasting model using DNN and Membership Function, and improved the forecasting performance. The model predicts the $PM_{10}$ concentrations of the next 3 days in the Seoul area by using the weather and air quality observation data and forecast data. The best model(RM14)'s accuracy (82%, 76%, 69%) and false alarm rate(FAR:14%,33%,44%) are good. Probability of detection (POD: 79%, 50%, 53%), however, are not good performance. These are due to the lack of training data for high concentration $PM_{10}$ compared to low concentration. In addition, the model dose not reflect seasonal factors closely related to the generation of high concentration $PM_{10}$. To improve this, we propose Julian date membership function as inputs of the $PM_{10}$ forecasting model. The function express a given date in 12 factors to reflect seasonal characteristics closely related to high concentration $PM_{10}$. As a result, the accuracy (79%, 70%, 66%) and FAR (24%, 48%, 46%) are slightly reduced in performance, but the POD (79%, 75%, 71%) are up to 25% improved compared with those of the RM14 model. Hence, this shows that the proposed Julian forecast model is effective for high concentration $PM_{10}$ forecasts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.339-343
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• 1996

The effect of ginseng on the reactivity of penile corpus cavernosal smooth muscle strips of rabbits was investigated to support the clinical application of ginseng for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, normal diet group (n=9) and ginseng saponin diet group (n=5). Then, each group was fed normal diet and Korean red ginseng saponin diet (50 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. We measured concentration dependent relaxation of corporal smooth muscle to acetylcholine (10-8 M to 10-4M) in organ chamber. The degree of relaxation was expressed as percentage of maximal relaxation obtained by papaverine (10-4M). Dose dependent relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle to acetylcholine, at the concentration of 10-8 M to 10-4M by half log increment, was 4.06$\pm$0.00, 4.30$\pm$1.30, 5.32$\pm$0.68, 11.64$\pm$1.74, 16.24$\pm$1.61, 23.33$\pm$ 2.29, 26.45$\pm$2.25, 30.43$\pm$2.40 and 33.41 $\pm$2.48 (%), respectively in normal diet group and 9. 83$\pm$4.15, 20.60$\pm$4.62, 24.1815.12, 35.75$\pm$5.71, 43.35$\pm$6.11, 51.30$\pm$6.22, 56.33$\pm$6.22, 54.30$\pm$4.17 and 51.98$\pm$3.92 (Vc), respectively in ginseng group. These data suggest that ginseng enhances ondothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation of penile corpus cal.ernosal smooth muscle in rabbits.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2000

본 연구는 생약제재가 dioxin의 연속투여시 생식독성 완화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고저 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg의 dioxin을 5일간 연속투여 후 생약제재를 3주간격일로 경구투여 했을 때 정자수, 정자활력, 정소중량 및 정소조직에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. Dioxin 10~20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 5일간 연속투여한 군의 정자수는 90.7$\pm$3.6~l18.5$\pm$3.6$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, 30~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg투여군의 정자수는 67.3$\pm$4.1~88.2$\pm$3.3$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$로서 대조군의 119.3$\pm$3.4~120.2$\pm$4.7$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$에 비해 현저히 감소된 정자수를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 2. dioxin 10~20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 투여군의 정자활력은 77.0$\pm$4.7~89.5$\pm$3.6%, 30~40$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 투여군은 66.5$\pm$3.3~79.9$\pm$3.8%로서 대조군의 93.6$\pm$3.8~94.9$\pm$3.4%에 비해 현저히 감소된 정자활력을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 3. Dioxin 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 5일간 연속투여 후 녹차, 홍삼, 구기자, 오메 추출물을 격일로 3주간 투여했을 때 정자수는 각각 77.4$\pm$3.2~90.9$\pm$3.4$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, 78.0$\pm$3.3~105.0$\pm$4.2$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, 76.2$\pm$2.8 ~84.4$\pm$3.5$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, 75.4$\pm$3.3~80.2$\pm$3.3$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$이었다. 4. Dioxin 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 5일간 연속투여 후 녹차, 홍삼, 구기자, 오메 추출물을 격일로 3주간 투여했을 때 정자활력은 대조군의 119.3$\pm$3.4~120.2$\pm$4.7$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$와 93.0$\pm$3.5~96.1$\pm$3.5%에 비해 홍삼추출물 투여군에서는 회복이 현저하였고(p<0.05), 녹차는 다음이었으며, 구기자, 오메는 회복이 미미하였다. 5. Dioxin 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 5일간 연속투여 후 녹차, 홍삼, 구기자, 오메 추출물을 각각 격일로 3주간 투석했을 때 정소중량은 대조군의 0.15$\pm$0.01~0.16$\pm$0.01g에 비해 낮은 치를 나타냈으며 홍삼추출물 투여군에서는 회복효과가 현저하였다. 6. Dioxin 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 5일간 연속투여 후 녹차, 홍삼, 구기자, 오메를 각각 3주간 격일로 경구 투여했을 때 간, 비장 및 정소조직은 대조군에 비해 심한 손상이 관찰되었으며, 정소는 홍삼 투여군에서 많은 회복이 관찰되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.209-222
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• 2015

Fine and coarse PM had been collected by LVCI (low volume cascade impactor) and HVAS (high volume air sampler) during January 1989 to April 2012 at Kyung Hee University, Global Campus located on the boarder of Yongin and Suwon. The database of PM mass concentration was constructed and then intensively and extensively investigated to understand monthly, seasonal, and annual patterns of each PM behavior. Especially the study separated all the PM data into the 5 Period Zones, which were classified on the basis of social, political, and environmental issues that might be influencing local ambient air quality during the monitoring period. The overall $PM_{10}$ level had been continuously decreased until 2005 and after then was staggering due to rapidly increasing $PM_{2.5}$ level in $PM_{10}$. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration varied from $34.3{\mu}g/m^3$ to $59.0{\mu}g/m^3$, which were much higher than the 2015 ambient air quality standard. The $PM_{2.5}$ level was strongly associated with haze events, while both $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ levels were associated with Yellow storm events. Daily concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ were ranged $13.1{\sim}212.9{\mu}g/m^3$ in haze days and $33.6{\sim}124.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in Asian dust days. The study also intensively investigated annual and seasonal patterns of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratios.