• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Luteolysis is a cyclical regression of the corpus luteum in many non-primate mammalian species. Prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$($PGF_2{\alpha}$) from the uterus and ovary induces functional and structural luteolysis in bovine. The action of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ is mediated by $PGF_2{\alpha}$ receptor located on the luteal steroidogenic and endothelial cell membranes. $PGF_2{\alpha}$ plays an important role in regulating nitric oxide production in endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum. Nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase activity are stimulated and induced by $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in luteal endothelial cells. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species inhibits progesterone secretion in bovine luteal cells and induces apoptosis. Thus, the interaction between $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and reactive oxygen species provides important aspects in physiology of the corpus luteum forfunctional and structural luteolysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2000

The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine gland whose main function is to secrete progesterone to support pregnancy. On the other hand, the cyclic bovine CL has also been shown to be a site of prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$) production. Although there is general agreement that endometrial $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ is an essential luteolysin in cattle, luteal $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ seems to play a luteotropic role as an autocrine and/or paracrine factor, especially for the development and maintenance of the CL. This supposition is based on evidence that some of the prerequisites for autocrine/paracrine mechanisms are present, including local production of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and the existence of specific binding sites within the CL. The purpose of this paper is to review the regulation of luteal $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ secretion, its action on CL as an autocrine and/or paracrine factor and the receptivity of bovine CL to. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2013

The corpus luteum is a transient endocrine gland essential for regulation of the ovarian cycle as well as for establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ (PGF) initiates functional and structural regression of the corpus luteum and therefore is an important regulator of the estrous cycle. It is a matter of debate whether the endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum express PGFR, the cognate receptor for PGF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of PGFR in bovine endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were isolated from the bovine corpus luteum of the mid-luteal stage using magnetic beads and cultured in vitro. We demonstrate that this isolation procedure generates a pure culture of endothelial cells as confirmed by synthesis of Factor VIII and lack of expression of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, we further show that the cultured endothelial cells produced PGFR. This model system can be utilized to provide an experimental system to investigate the role of PGF on endothelial cells during the reproductive cycle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1989

The effects of prostaglandin $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ on the contractility of vascular smooth muscle were investigated in the helical strip of the rabbit aorta. The aortic strip was immersed in the phosphate-buffered Tyrode's solution which was equilibrated with 100% $O_{2}$ at $35^{\circ}C$ and its isometric tension was measured. The contraction was induced by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$, norepinephrine (NE), or potassium (40 mM) in the nomal Tyrode's solution (1 mM, $Ca^{2+}$) or $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution. Effects of verapamil and phentolamine on the contraction were also observed. The aortic strip began to contract at the concentration of $5\;{\mu}g%$ and reached the maximal contraction at the concentration of $150\;{\mu}g%$ $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$. The maximal contraction was corresponded respectively to $52.2{\pm}3.0%$ and $81.5{\pm}3.5%$ of maximal contraction by NE $(1{\times}10^{-5}M)$ and 40 mM $K^{+}$. And the maximal contractions by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ or NE were induced at the concentration of about 1 mM $Ca^{2+}$. $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ induced the contraction of aortic strip even after induction of contraction by 40 mM $K^{+}$ and the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ was not blocked by the ${\alpha}-receptor$ blocker, phentolamine. And the contraction by the $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ was inhibited partially by a verapamil at the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-5}M$ and the contraction began to increase at the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-4}M$ verapamil. Whereas the contraction by NE was completely blocked by verapamil. Though both the $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ and NE induced the contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution, the peak tension was not maintained. But the rate of tension decline was lower in the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ than in that by NE. The verapamil did not inhibit the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution and increased the contraction at the concentration of above $1{\times}10^{-4}M$. The NE-induced contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution was inhibited completely by a verapamil. From the above results it is suggested that the contraction induced by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ results from the promotion of the both $Ca^{2+}$ influx and the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release by different way from NE.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.493-500
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurotransmitters and the source of $Ca^{2+}$ in the effects of neurotransmitters on the motility of pig oviductal isthmic smooth muscle. The motility of the isolated smooth muscle was recorded by using physiological recording system. The results were summarized as follows; Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine and prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ caused the contraction and the contractile responses were increased in a dose-dependent manner from the concentration of $10^{-7}$ to $10^{-4}M$. The maximum contractility of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was 65.99, 28.66, 83.99 and 47.33% of 100 mM K contraction, respectively. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$ was completely blocked by the pretreatment with cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine$(10^{-6}M)$, the contractile response induced by norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ was blocked by the pretreatment with ${\alpha}$-adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine$(10^{-6}M)$ but was not blocked and rather increased by the pretreatment with ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor blocker. propranolol$(10^{-6}M)$, the contractile response induced by histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was completely blocked by the pretreatment with $H_1$-histaminergic receptor blocker, pyrilamine$(10^{-6}M)$ but was increased by the pretreatment with $H_2$-histaminergic receptor blocker, cimetidine$(10^{-6}M)$. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$, norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ and histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was weakly contracted response in $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, but the contractile response induced by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}(10^{-6}M)$ was disappeared. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$, norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ and histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was powerfully depressed by the pretreatment with $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, verapamil$(10^{-5}M)$ but the contractile response induced by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}(10^{-6}M)$ was completely inhibited.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2002

본 연구는 임신 및 분만후 rat에 oxytocin을 투여후 혈장, 자궁 및 태반 조직에서 estradiol-17$\beta$, progesterone, prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$ 및 prostaglandin E$_2$그리고 자궁 조직의 oxytocin 수용체의 함량 사이의 관계에 대하여 조사하였다. 임신 rat에 oxytocin 투여 후 혈장 estradiol-17$\beta$의 농도는 임신 말기에 서서히 증가하여 임신 22일에 최고를 기록하였고 분만 후 1일에는 임신 16일 수준으로 감소하였다. Progesterone 농도는 임신 18일부터 분만 후 1일에 유의성 있는(p<0.05) 감소를 보였다. Prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$ 및 Prostaglandin E$_2$농도는 임신 14일에서 임신 22일에 공히 상승하여 임신 22일에 최고를 기록하였고 분만 후 1일에는 급격히 감소하였다. Estradiol-17$\beta$의 농도는 자궁 조직에서 임신 14일에서 20일까지 서서히 증가하다가 임신 22일에 급격한 증가를 기록하였고 분만 후 1일에는 급격히 감소하여 임신 14일 수준을 유지하였으며 progesterone 농도는 임신 16일에 상승을 보인 후 임신 20일까지 급격히 감소하였고 분만 후 1일까지 같은 수준을 유지하였다. Prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$ 및 prostaglandin E$_2$농도는 자궁조직에서 임신 말기 전기간에 상승하여 임신 22일에 최고를 기록한 후 분만 후 1일에는 급격히 감소하여 임신 14일과 비교하여 70% 수준을 기록하였다. Prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$ 농도는 태반 조직에서 임신 14일에서 임신 22일까지 지속적으로 증가하였고 분만 후 1일에는 급격히 감소하였으며 prostaglandin E$_2$의 농도는 임신 14일에서 20일에 증가한 후 분만 후 1일까지 감소하였다. Oxytocin 수용체의 농도는 자궁 조직에서 임신 20일에서 임신 22일 사이에 급격히 증가한 후 분만 후 1일까지 비슷한 수준을 기록하였다. 이상에서와 oxytocin투여에 의한 임신 rat에 있어서 progesterone 농도의 감소에 이은 estradiol-17 $\beta$, prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$, prostaglandin E$_2$및 oxytocin 수용체 농도의 증가는 조기에 시작되었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.360-369
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• 2019

Cadherin은 원형질막에 존재하며 세포-세포 결합에 관여하며, 황체 구조 유지에 필수적인 단백질이다. 본 연구에서는 prostaglandin F2 alpha ($PGF2{\alpha}$)가 황체의 협막세포(luteal theca cells, LTCs)의 E-cadherin, N-cadherin 및 세포-세포부착에 미치는 영향에 대해서 수행하였다. 황체세포는 소의 황체중기 조직으로부터 분리하였으며, 황체세포 중에서 mesenchymal 세포 형태학적 특성을 가지는 세포만을 분리하여 LTCs로 판단하였다. 이 후 steroidogenic 기능 및 혈관세포 유무를 판단하기 위해 $3{\beta}$-HSD 및 VEGF2R mRNA 발현을 확인하였으며, E-cadherin 및 N-cadherin mRNA를 사용하여 LTCs 내 cadherin의 존재여부를 판단하였다. 또한 0, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-4}$ 및 $10^{-3}M$ $PGF2{\alpha}$를 24시간 동안 처리하여 LTCs의 E- 및 N-cadherin 단백질을 관찰한 후 세포-세포 접착 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, LTCs에서 $3{\beta}$-HSD mRNA가 발현되었지만, VEGFR2 mRNA는 발현되지 않았으며, E-cadherin 및 N-cadherin mRNA 모두 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 E-및 N-cadherin 단백질은 $10^{-5}$, $10^{-4}$ 및 $10^{-3}M$ $PGF2{\alpha}$를 처리한 LTCs에서 응집되어 발현되는 것을 확인하였으며, $PGF2{\alpha}$에 의해 LTCs의 세포부착 효율이 유의적으로 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 $PGF2{\alpha}$는 LTCs의 E- 및 N-cadherin을 붕괴시켜 세포부착을 감소시켰고, 이러한 결과는 황체퇴행의 새로운 원인을 밝혀 내기 위한 cadherin과 세포부착의 역할을 이해하는데 중요한 자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the action of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the motility of immature pig uterine smooth muscle. ATP appeared contractile responses in a dose-dependent manner, showing the maximal contraction at the concentration of $10^{-3}M$ in the uterine smooth muscle strip. The contractile responses by $ATP(10^{-4}M)$ were not affected by atropine $(10^{-6}M)$, phentolamine $(10^{-6}M)$, propranolol $(10^{-6}M)$, pyrilamine $(10^{-6}M)$, cimetidine $(10^{-6}M)$, and theophyulline $(5{\times}10^{-5}M)$, but were inhibited uncompetitively by quinidine. The effects of these drugs on the contractile responses by prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ were also comparable to those observed with ATP. When muscle strips were pretreated with indomethacin $(5{\times}10^{-5}M)$ for 20 min., the contractile responses by $ATP(10^{-4}M)$ were completely inhibited. But the contractile responses by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were not affected by indomethacin. These results suggest that ATP elicited the contraction through noncholinergic- and nonadrenergic-receptor mediated by prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in pig uterine smooth muscle.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.365-369
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• 1999

Interferon tau (IFN$\tau$), the pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants, suppresses transcription of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene in the endometrial luminal (LE) and superficial glandular epithelium (sGE) to prevent oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression and pulsatile release of luteolytic prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ (PGF), Interferon regulatory factors one (IRF-l) and two (IRF-2) are transcription factors induced by IFN$\tau$ that activate and silence gene expression, respectively. Available results suggest that IFN$\tau$ acts directly on LE and sGE during pregnancy to induce sequentially IRF-l and then IRF-2 gene expression to silence transcription of ER and OTR genes, block the luteolytic mechanism to maintenance a functional corpus luteum (CL) and, signal maternal recognition of pregnancy. The theory for maternal recognition of pregnancy in pigs is that the uterine endometrium of cyclic gilts secretes PGF in an endocrine direction, toward the uterine vasculature for transport to the CL to exert its luteolytic effect. However, in pregnant pigs, estrogens secreted by the conceptuses are responsible, perhaps in concert with effects of prolactin and calcium, for exocrine secretion of PGF into the uterine lumen where it is sequestered to exert biological effects and / or be metabolized to prevent luteolysis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

인체 중간엽 줄기세포는 지방세포, 골세포, 연골세포, 근육세포 등 여러 형태의 세포로의 분화되는 것이 특징이다. 특히, 최근 연구 결과를 살펴 보면, 중간엽 줄기세포는 생체 내에서 조직 특이적인 세포 형태로 분화 된다. 본 연구에서는 염증 상태에 존재하는 중간엽 줄기 세포가 혈관 형성에 관여하는지 알아보고, 염증 상태에 존재하는 줄기세포의 역할을 규명하고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 생체 내 염증 상태와 유사한 환경을 만들고자, 강력한 염증 유발 물질인 LPS를 대식세포에 처리하여 그 배양액을 중간엽 줄기세포에 처리하여 변화를 관찰하였다. LPS 배양액을 처리한 중간엽 줄기세포는 평활근 세포로 분화가 촉진되는 것을 확인하였으며, LPS 배양액에 존재하는 분화 유도 물질이 $PGF2{\alpha}$임을 확인하였다. 이에 본 연구결과를 통해 염증 상태에서 존재하는 중간엽 줄기세포는 평활근 세포로의 분화가 촉진되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 염증성 미세환경 내에 존재하는 중간엽 줄기세포가 평활근 세포로 분화가 유도됨을 확인하였고, 혈관 형성을 촉진하는데 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시한다.